Pediatric Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Meal Caloric Content on the Thermic Effect of Food in Adolescents With Obesity","authors":"N. Beauregard,&nbsp;E. Doucet,&nbsp;E. Gadéa,&nbsp;G. Finlayson,&nbsp;D. Beraud,&nbsp;J. Siroux,&nbsp;S. Cournier,&nbsp;J. Masurier,&nbsp;B. Pereira,&nbsp;Y. Boirie,&nbsp;L. Isacco,&nbsp;D. Thivel","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The thermic effect of food (TEF) represents an important but often overlooked component of total energy expenditure. The effects of meals with varying energy content but identical macronutrient distribution on TEF are unclear in adolescents with obesity. This study examined the effects of increasing meal energy on TEF, appetite, and food reward. Fifteen adolescents with obesity completed a randomized crossover trial with three lunch test meals (700, 1000, 1300 kcal) matched for macronutrient distribution. Postprandial energy expenditure was measured over 5 h to assess TEF, while appetite and food reward were assessed using visual analog scales and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, respectively. TEF differed by meal size (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with the 1300-kcal meal eliciting a greater TEF than the 700-kcal meal (β = 0.12 kcal·min⁻¹, 95% CI [0.06, 0.18], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Differences between the 700- and 1000-kcal meals were not significant, and the 1000- versus 1300-kcal comparison showed a trend toward significance. Relative TEF (% of meal energy) did not differ between meals. Appetite ratings were unaffected by meal size. Food reward measures were largely unaffected by meal condition, with isolated differences in sweet appeal bias and explicit liking for high-fat sweet foods. In adolescents with obesity, TEF increases only with large differences in meal energy and remains proportional to energy intake. Together, the stable TEF and the absence of differences in appetite or food reward suggest that larger meals may not promote greater satiety, potentially favouring higher daily energy intake relative to energy expenditure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Paternal Pre-Conceptional Body Mass Index and Lifestyle Factors and Offspring Weight Development","authors":"Amanda Beske Almstrup,&nbsp;Christina Sonne Mogensen,&nbsp;Christian Mølgaard,&nbsp;Stine Schramm,&nbsp;Nina Rica Wium Geiker","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence suggests that pre-conceptional paternal factors, including BMI and diet, may influence offspring development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the associations between paternal BMI, dietary protein intake, glycemic index (GI), smoking and alcohol consumption and offspring development during the first 5 years of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary analysis of an RCT included 162 father-child pairs from pregnancies among women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity. Paternal characteristics were reported at gestational week 15, reflecting the preceding 3 months. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth, 6 and 18 months, 3 and 5 years. Associations were examined using linear mixed models and linear regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No consistent associations were found between paternal characteristics and offspring outcomes from birth to 3 years. At age 5, higher paternal BMI was associated with higher offspring BMI <i>z</i>-score (<i>β</i> = 0.07 (CI: 0.03; 0.10)), fat mass index (<i>β</i> = 0.07 kg/m² (CI: 0.02; 0.12)) and fat-free mass index (<i>β</i> = 0.05 kg/m² (CI: 0.01; 0.08)). Lower paternal protein intake was associated with higher offspring BMI <i>z</i>-score (<i>β</i> = 0.54 (CI: 0.07; 1.01)) and fat-free mass index (<i>β</i> = 0.60 kg/m² (CI: 0.13; 1.07)), while moderately higher protein intake was associated with higher waist-to-height ratio (<i>β</i> = 0.03 (CI: 3.00 × 10⁻³; 0.05)). Higher paternal GI was associated with lower offspring BMI <i>z</i>-score (<i>β</i> = −0.04 (CI: −0.08; −2.14−10⁻³)) at age 5. Smoking and alcohol were not associated with offspring outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paternal BMI was associated with offspring outcomes at age 5 years, while findings for paternal dietary factors were less consistent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Steatosis and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study From Childhood Into Young Adulthood","authors":"Anne-Sophie R. Stroes,&nbsp;D. Meeike Kusters,&nbsp;Laura Draijer,&nbsp;Anneloes E. Bohte,&nbsp;Aart J. Nederveen,&nbsp;Eric de Groot,&nbsp;Marc A. Benninga,&nbsp;Adriaan G. Holleboom,&nbsp;Bart G. P. Koot,&nbsp;Barbara A. Hutten","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The early vascular impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. This study examined associations of steatosis in childhood and young adulthood with cardiovascular risk in adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with severe obesity were investigated for MASLD and cardiovascular risk, with 10-year follow-up. Hepatic steatosis was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiovascular risk by ultrasound carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Participants were categorised into four trajectory groups based on presence of steatosis in childhood and/or adulthood: ‘absent’, ‘diminishing’, ‘adult-onset’ and ‘persistent’. Associations between steatosis (presence and change over time) and cIMT, and between childhood metabolic factors and cIMT progression, were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 52 participants, 46% had steatosis in childhood (‘diminishing’ or ‘persistent’), and 46% in adulthood (‘adult-onset’ or ‘persistent’). Childhood steatosis was not associated with cIMT in adulthood, whereas adulthood steatosis was independently associated with increased cIMT (mean difference 0.035 mm, 95% CI: 0.010–0.060 mm; <i>p</i>-adjusted = 0.008). Mean cIMT at follow-up increased progressively across steatosis trajectory groups; (adjusted <i>p</i>-for-trend = 0.003). Childhood steatosis was the only metabolic factor associated with cIMT progression (<i>β</i> = 0.006, <i>p</i> = 0.030).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatic steatosis in young adulthood is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and childhood steatosis relates to cIMT progression, supporting early MASLD detection and prevention.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Among Multiple Mental Health Symptoms, Only Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems Predict Poorer BMI Outcomes in Family-Based Behavioural Treatment for Youth With Severe Obesity","authors":"Vilde A. Skodvin,&nbsp;Hanna F. Skjåkødegård,&nbsp;Helge Molde,&nbsp;Denise Wilfley,&nbsp;Rachel P. K. Conlon,&nbsp;Pétur B. Júlíusson,&nbsp;Yngvild S. Danielsen","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large variability exists in outcome following Family-based treatment (FBT) for severe obesity in youth. In the present study, we aimed to expand our understanding of how mental health impacts FBT outcomes. In total, 90 participants (58.9% girls) 5.9–18.6 years (mean ± SD: 13.2 ± 3.1) were enrolled in a 17-session FBT-programme. Baseline mean percentage above the IOTF threshold for overweight (%IOTF25) was 146 ± 13, and Body Mass Index standard deviation score (BMIz) was 3.02 ± 0.52. Mental health predictors were assessed using the Self-Perception Profile for Children and the Child Behaviour Checklist. A multivariate multilevel Bayesian linear mixed-effects model with repeated measures was utilized to estimate the effects of mental health predictors on BMI outcomes. Average change in BMI during FBT was −3.80 (%IOTF25) and −0.08 (BMIz) units. Higher scores of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADH) Problems were associated with a smaller reduction in BMI (0.31 units for %IOTF25 (<i>p</i> = 0.02), 0.01 units for BMIz (<i>p</i> = 0.03) for each one-unit T-score increase on the ADH problem scale). Self-Worth, Emotional Dysregulation, Internalizing- and Externalizing problems were not associated with differences in BMI outcomes. Identifying children with higher ADH problems and incorporating additional family support strategies within FBT should be a focus for further treatment development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ADHD on Obesity Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents Receiving Multidisciplinary Care: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study","authors":"Antonio Videira-Silva,&nbsp;Isabel Moitinho de Almeida,&nbsp;Vanessa Sendim,&nbsp;Filipa Carmo,&nbsp;Sofia Moeda,&nbsp;Sílvia Freira,&nbsp;Helena Fonseca","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequent among adolescents with obesity and may influence treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore differences in treatment outcomes and predictors of weight-loss success between adolescents with and without ADHD, followed at a tertiary Adolescent Obesity Clinic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective longitudinal study included 269 adolescents (12–17 years) followed for 16.8 (IQR: 5.3) months, of whom 53 had ADHD (19.7%). Obesity-related and behavioural data were collected and analysed using generalised estimating equations (for longitudinal changes) and logistic regression models (to identify predictors of weight-loss success, i.e., a decrease in BMI z-score ≥ 0.25).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss success was achieved in 34.9% of the sample, with no significant differences between those with and without ADHD. Among adolescents with ADHD, psychopathology was negatively associated with weight loss success (OR = 0.25), while increases in total physical activity were positively associated (OR = 1.01). In those without ADHD, impulsive eating reduced the likelihood of weight loss (OR = 0.33), whereas improved eating behaviour increased it (OR = 2.92).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although adolescents with and without ADHD may exhibit similar treatment outcomes, predictors of weight loss success differed, highlighting the importance of tailoring obesity programs according to behavioural and clinical profiles in order to improve obesity treatment among adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Relative Cord Hyperleptinemia and Offspring Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Overweight or Obesity","authors":"Jincy Immanuel,&nbsp;Stephy Chirayath,&nbsp;Jürgen Harreiter,&nbsp;Gernot Desoye,&nbsp;Rosa Corcoy,&nbsp;Juan M. Adelantado,&nbsp;Roland Devlieger,&nbsp;Annunziata Lapolla,&nbsp;Maria G. Dalfra,&nbsp;Alessandra Bertolotto,&nbsp;Ewa Wender–Ozegowska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Zawiejska,&nbsp;Fidelma P. Dunne,&nbsp;Peter Damm,&nbsp;Elisabeth R. Mathiesen,&nbsp;Dorte M. Jensen,&nbsp;Lise Lotte T. Andersen,&nbsp;Mette H. Tanvig,&nbsp;David J. Hill,&nbsp;Judith G. M. Jelsma,&nbsp;Alexandra Kautzky–Willer,&nbsp;Sander Galjaard,&nbsp;Frank J. Snoek,&nbsp;Mireille N. M. van Poppel,&nbsp;David Simmons","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Umbilical cord leptin is increased in infants of women with obesity. We tested the hypothesis that a high cord leptin-to-fat mass ratio might be associated with adverse outcomes at birth and in early childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A secondary analysis of vitamin <i><span>D A</span></i>nd <i><span>L</span></i>ifestyle <i><span>I</span></i>ntervention for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention (DALI) trial was conducted. Cord leptin-to-fat mass ratios were classified into top (TT), middle, and low (LT) tertiles overall and within sexes. Relationship with neonatal outcomes and offspring BMI <i>z</i>-scores were compared between TT and LT groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 323 infants (maternal pre-pregnancy BMI 33.7 ± 4.2 kg/m^{<span>2</span>}, 52% male) female (vs. male) offspring had higher cord leptin, fat mass percentage, and leptin-to-fat mass ratio (median (IQR): 21.4 (13.4, 30.99) vs. 15.5 (8.3, 25.9), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Compared to the LT group, infants in the TT group (58% females) had higher cord leptin but similar fat mass percentage. Among males (but not in females), the C-peptide-to-glucose ratio was elevated in the TT group (vs. LT) (0.2 (0.1–0.2) vs. 0.1(0.02–0.2), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while birthweight (3.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.045), fat mass percentage (11.1 ± 3.9 vs. 13.0 ± 3.6, <i>p</i> = 0.008), and BMI <i>z</i>-scores (at age 1 only) were lower (median (IQR): −0.15 (−0.67, 0.98) vs. 1.35 (−0.06, 1.67), <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relative cord hyperleptinaemia was associated with reduced offspring BMI among males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Ultra-Processed Foods and Executive Function in Children With Obesity and Their Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez,&nbsp;David R. Strong,&nbsp;Kyung E. Rhee,&nbsp;Dawn M. Eichen,&nbsp;Kerri N. Boutelle","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are linked to obesity and cognitive decline, but evidence on their association with executive function (EF) in children is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the UPFs-EF relationship in parent–child dyads with obesity seeking treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analysis of the FRESH trial (NCT01197443) conducted at the University of California, San Diego. A total of 141 Parent–child dyads; parent age = 43 years (6.6), BMI = 32 (6.4); child age = 9.9 years (1.3), BMIz = 2.0 (0.3); 31% Hispanic, 44% White, 25% other completed anthropometric, digit span backward (DSB), stop signal task (SST) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and dietary assessments. Linear regression models evaluated UPFs-EF associations, controlling for covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parent–child associations were observed for energy <i>β</i> = 0.15, <i>p</i> = 0.024; total UPFs <i>β</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.018; savoury snacks <i>β</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.018; ultra-processed (UP) meat, <i>β</i> = 0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; and sweetened beverages <i>β</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.023. Most UPFs-EF associations were null. In children, UP meat predicted lower DSB scores (<i>β</i> = −0.104, 95% CI [−0.197, −0.013], <i>p</i> = 0.013), and in parents, sweetened beverages predicted failed SST (<i>β</i> = 0.606, 95% CI [0.018, 1.210], <i>p</i> = 0.044).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were a few associations between UPFs intake and EF; however, most were nonsignificant. Future research should involve community samples and children across the weight spectrum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding Intensity and Duration and Growth Trajectories in GDM Exposed Infants: The SWIFT Study","authors":"Saralyn F. Foster,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Widen,&nbsp;Joan C. Lo,&nbsp;Alexis King,&nbsp;Louise C. Greenspan,&nbsp;Baiyang Sun,&nbsp;Myles S. Faith,&nbsp;Marcela R. Abrego,&nbsp;Daniel Powers,&nbsp;Erica P. Gunderson","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whether breastfeeding intensity, the relative amount of breastfeeding versus formula across the first year, relates to growth trajectories among infants exposed to gestational diabetes (GDM) in utero is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify growth trajectory patterns and associations with breastfeeding intensity among infants exposed to GDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SWIFT Offspring cohort (2009–2011) singleton, GDM-exposed infants (<i>n</i> = 435) born at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospital. Monthly summed lactation intensity ratio (sumLIR, proportion of breastfeeding versus overall feeds over 7 days). Latent class mixed models for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) z-scores, and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and sum of skinfolds). Multinomial logistic regression related sumLIR to growth trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A higher sumLIR throughout the first year was associated with lower odds of class membership in trajectories with accelerated growth patterns for WLZ from early infancy (1-mo OR: 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.54) to 1 year (12-mo OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.95), as well as a lower likelihood of having accelerated WAZ growth after 6-months (12-mo OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.84, 0.98), but not skinfold trajectory classes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher sumLIR was associated with more favourable growth trajectories, suggesting that continued breastfeeding, even when combined with infant formula, may benefit growth among GDM-exposed infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Behavioural Determinants of Short Sleep and Obesity From Childhood to Adolescence: An Analyses of Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 1","authors":"Emma Louise Gale,&nbsp;Joanne Elizabeth Cecil,&nbsp;Andrew James Williams","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research shows a longitudinal relationship between poor sleep and obesity in adolescents, highlighting the need to identify shared modifiable determinants to strengthen health-promoting interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants at 10 and 12 years associated with short sleep and body mass index percentile (BMIp) at 14 years, using data from the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analyses were conducted using data from GUS Birth Cohort 1, sweeps 8–10 (10–14 years). Sleep duration, emotional wellbeing, physical activity, diet, screentime and risk-taking behaviours were main-carer or child-reported and BMIp was objectively measured. Block-wise linear regression analyses were used to examine associations with sleep duration and BMIp at age 14 years. Meaningful associations were defined as a ±10% difference (standardised <i>β</i> ≥ 0.10 or ≤ −0.10).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 4157 participants (50.2% male) were analysed. In adjusted models, having tried smoking and having tried alcohol at 12 years and being allowed to eat whenever the child wanted at 10 years were meaningfully associated with shorter sleep duration and higher BMIp at 14 years. Maternal BMI was meaningfully associated with BMIp only, while poorer emotional wellbeing and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were meaningfully associated with shorter sleep only.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Smoking and alcohol experimentation and less structured eating timing were identified as shared determinants of shorter sleep and higher BMIp in adolescence. These findings suggest that risk-taking behaviours and eating routines may be important targets for future research and health-promoting interventions addressing sleep and weight-related outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Randomised Trial of Calibrated Formula Volumes to Optimise Growth in Infants at Risk for Overweight: The Califormula Randomised Clinical Trial","authors":"Ian M. Paul,&nbsp;Bernardo L. Horta,&nbsp;Mina Desai,&nbsp;Michael G. Ross","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Formula feeding and having a mother with overweight are associated with overweight during infancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to pilot test calibrated formula feeding guidance using age and weight specific intake recommendations to improve weight outcomes amongst at-risk infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exclusively formula fed newborns with birthweight ≥ 50th percentile delivered to mothers with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² were randomised to intervention and usual care groups. At monthly visits from 1 to 5 months, mothers of intervention group infants with weight-for-length (WFL) ≥ 75th percentile were advised to give 10% less daily formula than required based upon sex, age and weight. The primary outcome was conditional weight gain (CWG) between birth and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included WFL <i>z</i>-score and overweight (WFL ≥ 95th percentile) at 6 months, as well as growth trajectory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty infants were enrolled; 36 mothers (66.7%) had pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30. Seventeen (28.3%) withdrew before 6 months. At each assessment, a minority had WFL ≥ 75th percentile required to receive calibrated formula guidance. There were no group differences in CWG (intervention mean 0.27, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.75 vs. control mean −0.12, 95% CI −0.62 to 0.37; <i>p</i> = 0.25) or for secondary outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calibrated infant formula recommendations were not associated with growth outcomes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05104073 (registered October 11, 2021)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}