Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Convergence and Divergence in Seemingly Contrasting Perspectives on Training Perceptual-Cognitive Abilities for Sports Performance Through Moderated Dialogue.","authors":"Jordan Cassidy, Daniel Kadlec, Job Fransen","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00904-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00904-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current Opinion article considers the diverging perspectives of two academics on the trainability and role of perceptual-cognitive abilities in sports performance, specifically applied to agility and sidestepping. This work uses a moderated dialogue approach between these two authors, each representing differing viewpoints: one advocating for the role of perceptual-motor skills through representative learning environments and another emphasising physical resilience. The article explores how fostering scientific discourse through moderated questions posed by a third party can be used to identify convergences and divergences in these perspectives. Both perspectives agree on the complexity of agility, the value of coupling perceptual skills with motor actions in representative environments, and the role of action capabilities in shaping affordances. However, they diverge on the best methods for assessing and training these skills, with contrasting views on the practicality of representative assessments and training transfer to in-game scenarios. The authors propose that the current article forms the first stage for future collaborative research to test hypotheses through adversarial collaboration in order to better understand how perceptual-cognitive skills are integrated with physical training and assessed for practical application in sports settings. By fostering mutual understanding, the article highlights the potential of adversarial debate in advancing scientific practices within the domain of sports performance, as well as how this method can form the basis for joint hypothesis testing between adversaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Exercise Training with Consideration of Potential Moderating Variables in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Agustín Manresa-Rocamora, Laura Fuertes-Kenneally, Noemí Sempere-Ruiz, Carles Blasco-Peris, Alicia Ibáñez-Criado, Vicente Climent-Payá, José Manuel Sarabia","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00906-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00906-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous evidence has highlighted its beneficial impact in this population. However, studies exhibit significant heterogeneity and often fail to differentiate between AF types. Furthermore, the specific influence of training variables such as exercise modality or intensity on the exercise-induced effects remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our review was to assess the effect of exercise training (i.e., aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise), on exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), resting heart rate (HR), AF burden, and symptoms in AF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to May 2025. Standardised mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) were estimated in controlled and multi-intervention studies. Effect size indices were pooled using a random-effects model when at least three studies reported a specific outcome. Additionally, subgroup analyses were carried out based on AF type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the studies used moderate intensity exercise (MIE). Across included studies, peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) (n = 5, N = 1,519), 6-min walk test (6MWT) (n = 5, N = 1,344), QoL (n = 9, N = 1,596), resting HR (n = 6, N = 490), AF burden (n = 5, N = 412), and AF symptoms (n = 4, N = 428) were reported. The results showed that aerobic exercise improves VO₂ peak to a greater extent than usual care, regardless of AF type (MD₊ = 4.24 [95%CI = 0.87; 7.45] ml/kg/min). Compared to usual care, aerobic exercise only diminished resting HR in non-permanent AF (MD₊ = - 12.79 [95%CI = - 15.90: - 9.67] bpm). No differences were found for improving QoL and 6MWT (p > .050). The effect of exercise on AF burden and symptoms has been poorly studied. No pooled analyses were performed by including multi-intervention studies. The findings showed no influence of the aerobic intensity or modality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aerobic exercise improves VO₂ peak in patients with permanent and non-permanent AF. MIE reduces resting HR in patients with permanent AF, while no differences were found in non-permanent AF. In contrast, the limited and heterogeneous RCT evidence available is insufficient to demonstrate superior improvements in the 6MWT or QoL compared to usual care. Further research is needed to determine the impact of CR on AF burden and symptoms, and to elucidate how exercise modality and intensity influence outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five Weeks of Whole-body Vibration in Prehabilitation for Knee Function Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jihong Qiu, Michael Tim-Yun Ong, Chi-Yin Choi, Mingde Cao, Violet Man-Chi Ko, Xin He, Sai-Chuen Fu, Daniel T P Fong, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00901-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00901-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Good preoperative quadriceps neuromuscular function is associated with satisfactory functional outcomes post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Whole-body vibration (WBV), which can modulate quadriceps neuromuscular function has not yet been incorporated into ACL prehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of WBV in a prehabilitation program could achieve a better knee function after ACLR by promoting quadriceps neuromuscular function during the preoperative period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Forty-four participants with a primary, unilateral ACL rupture were randomly assigned to the control (N = 22) or the WBV group (N = 22). The control group underwent prehabilitation twice weekly for five weeks. The WBV group received the same prehabilitation plus WBV. Quadriceps neuromuscular function, including strength (maximal voluntary isometric contraction, MVIC), the early (rate of torque development from 0 to 50ms, RTD_0 - 50), and the late phase (rate of torque development from 100 to 200ms, RTD_{100 - 200}) of rapid contraction and inhibition (central activation ratio, CAR) in the injured limb, were measured at baseline and preoperatively. Knee function was assessed by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score at baseline, preoperatively, and 4 months postoperatively. The linear mixed effect models and multiple linear regression were used for the statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty participants completed interventions and 35 finished the postoperative follow-up. Preoperatively, the intervention demonstrated main effects on quadriceps MVIC (p = 0.002), RTD_0 - 50 (p = 0.024), RTD_{100 - 200} (p = 0.005) and CAR (p = 0.043). Furthermore, the effect of time* intervention interaction was significant on quadriceps MVIC (p = 0.011). Postoperatively, the WBV group achieved higher IKDC scores than the control group (p = 0.006). The improvements in preoperative quadriceps MVIC and intervention contributed to better knee function post-ACLR (R² = 0.239, p = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Five weeks of WBV in prehabilitation enhanced quadriceps strength pre-ACLR and had potential to enhance knee function post-ACLR. WBV can be considered as an adjunct to prehabilitation protocols.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04988828. Registered 3rd August 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04988828?cond=anterior%20cruciate%20ligament&term=WBV&locStr=Hong%20Kong&country=Hong%20Kong&rank=3.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Injury Patterns and Predictors in Pickleball Players: A Nationwide Study of 1,758 Participants.","authors":"Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye, Ted Yemm, Ryan Blechle, Mitchell Wayne, Dawn Kennedy, Wassim Mourad, Katie Stamatakis, Timothy Howell","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00900-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00900-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite pickleball's rapid growth in the United States, research regarding the patterns and predictors of injuries remain sparse.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the prevalence and characteristics of injuries, including time-loss (stopping play for at least a day) and non-time-loss injuries, and evaluate the predictors of injuries in pickleball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted. Pickleball players ≥ 18 years of age across the United States, who participated in pickleball at least once a month, were invited to take a pre-validated survey. The primary outcome was self-reported all-complaint injuries, including any physical complaints in the past 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,758 participants (mean age: 62.7 ± 13.0 years) were included in the final analysis. The 12-month prevalence of all-complaint injuries was 68.5% (95% CI: 66.3-70.7%), with time-loss injuries at 40.8% (95% CI: 38.5-43.1%) and non-time-loss injuries at 51.2% (95% CI: 49.4-54.1%). The point prevalence of pain/ongoing injuries was 35.9% (95% CI: 33.1-38.7%). The knee reported the highest injury prevalence (29.1%) followed by combined lower extremity regions of thigh, leg and foot (26.9%), shoulder (22.2%), back (19.9%) and elbow (18.4%). The top \"most serious\" injury types were overuse/chronic conditions (35.3%), joint/ligament sprains (23.8%), and muscle strains/pulls (20.7%). Based on a multivariable logistic regression, significant predictors of injury included male sex (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.07-1.65, p = 0.011), higher frequency of weekly play (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.15-1.84, p = 0.002), fewer years (< 5 years) of play experience (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.19-1.90, p = 0.001), low/moderate perception of injury prevention importance (OR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.52-2.67, p < 0.001), and age categories ranging from 33 to 77 years (ORs ranging from 1.83 to 3.11, p ≤ 0.009). Neither increased duration of play nor higher body mass index significantly increased the odds of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Injuries are common among pickleball players, with 69% experiencing at least one all-complaint injury annually, including two in five sustaining injuries that halt play and one in three continuing to play despite pain. These findings underscore the need for tailored injury prevention strategies to optimize the health benefits of pickleball. Identified predictors will inform future injury prevention initiatives in pickleball.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12373573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eccentric-Only Versus Concentric-Only Isokinetic Strength Training Effects on Maximal Voluntary Eccentric, Concentric and Isometric Contraction Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Darjan Spudić, Kazunori Nosaka","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00887-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00887-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of resistance exercise training with eccentric (lengthening muscle) versus concentric (shortening muscle) contractions on changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength assessed by different contraction modes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The main objective of this systematic review with meta-analyses was to compare the effectiveness of maximal isokinetic eccentric-only and concentric-only strength training for changes in maximal voluntary eccentric (MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt;), concentric (MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt;), and isometric contraction (MVC&lt;sub&gt;ISO&lt;/sub&gt;) strength in healthy adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar from February to March 2024 for studies that met the following criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) inclusion of eccentric-only and concentric-only strength training groups; (3) use of an isokinetic dynamometer for training and testing; (4) reporting changes over time in MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt; and MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt;; and (5) using healthy adult participants. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A multilevel random-effects model meta‑analyses with robust variance estimation were performed in Rstudio software using metafor and clubSandwich packages. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding the highly influential studies. The potential moderating role of sex, training status and age of the participants, muscles, velocity in training and testing, initial MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt;, MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt;, and MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt;/MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt; ratio, and training-related variables such as number of repetitions per set, number of sets, rest period between sets, number of sessions per week, and duration of the training protocol were also assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-seven studies matched with the criteria, and overall 162 study results were identified and included in the meta-analyses. Greater effects on MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt; were found after eccentric-only than concentric-only training (Hedges' g: 1.51; 27 vs. 10%; p &lt; 0.001). However, no differences were evident between the training modalities for changes in MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt; (Hedges' g: -0.10; 13% vs. 14%, p = 0.726) and MVC&lt;sub&gt;ISO&lt;/sub&gt; (Hedges' g: -0.04; 18 vs. 17%; p = 0.923). The subgroup analyses showed smaller effect of eccentric-only than concentric-only training on MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt; when eccentric-only training was performed at higher velocities than the velocities of MVC&lt;sub&gt;CON&lt;/sub&gt; testing (Hedges' g: -0.99; p = 0.010). Meta-regressions showed that the longer the training period, the greater the superior effect of eccentric-only over concentric-only training on MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Eccentric-only strength training is more effective for improving MVC&lt;sub&gt;ECC&lt;/sub&gt;,","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maturation Stage on Physical Fitness in Youth Male Team Sports Players After Plyometric Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Gesheng Lin, Jiayong Chen, Ruixiang Yan, Beiwang Deng, Wenfeng Song, Bo Guan, Jian Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00907-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00907-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plyometric training (PT) is widely used to enhance physical fitness in youth team sport athletes, but its effects may vary across maturation stages due to developmental differences. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of PT on multiple physical fitness outcomes across different maturation stages in youth male team sport athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Included studies were randomized controlled trials involving male youth team sport athletes (10-18 years) who underwent ≥ 4 weeks of bodyweight plyometric training compared to active controls, with outcomes related to physical fitness. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Effect sizes (Hedges'g) were calculated using a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals and prediction intervals (PI). Egger's test and the trim-and-fill method were used to assess and adjust for publication bias. Subgroup analyses explored training-related moderators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 studies were included, involving 663 soccer players, 230 basketball players, 54 handball players, and 110 volleyball players. PT significantly improved CMJ in the overall group (ES = 0.74, 95% PI [- 0.29 to 1.78]) and in PRE (ES = 0.83, 95% PI [- 0.93 to 2.58]), MID (ES = 0.50, 95% PI [0.27 to 0.73]), and POST (ES = 1.05, 95% PI [- 0.25 to 2.35]). SLJ improved in the overall group (ES = 0.52, 95% PI [0.30 to 0.74]), PRE (ES = 0.53, 95% PI [0.21 to 0.85]), and POST (ES = 0.87, 95% PI [- 1.06 to 2.81]), but not in MID (P > 0.05). ≤ 10 m sprint improved in the overall group (ES = - 0.58, 95% PI [- 1.45 to 0.30]), PRE (ES = - 0.43, 95% PI [- 0.85 to - 0.02]), and POST (ES = - 1.31, 95% PI [- 2.66 to 0.04]), but not in MID (P > 0.05). > 10 m sprint improved in all groups: overall (ES = - 0.41, 95% PI [- 0.91 to 0.09]), PRE (ES = - 0.28, 95% PI [- 0.54 to - 0.01]), MID (ES = - 0.32, 95% PI [- 0.57 to - 0.07]), and POST (ES = - 1.16, 95% PI [- 3.38 to 1.05]). COD improved in the overall group (ES = - 0.84, 95% PI [- 1.76 to 0.08]), PRE (ES = - 0.80, 95% PI [- 1.89 to 0.29]), MID (ES = - 0.59, 95% PI [- 1.01 to - 0.17]), and POST (ES = - 1.52, 95% PI [- 3.10 to 0.05]). PT showed no significant effect on maximal dynamic strength (P > 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that ≥ 16 PT sessions led to greater improvements in CMJ (ES = 1.08 vs. 0.35) and COD (ES = - 1.05 vs. - 0.59) performance in the overall group, and in CMJ in the POST stage (ES = 1.64 vs. 0.54), compared to ≤ 14 sessions. CMJ gains were also greater with ≥ 8 week interventions than with ≤ 7 weeks (ES = 1.00 vs. 0.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PT effectively improves physical fitness in youth male team sport athletes, except for maximal dynamic strength. The greatest gains were observed in the POST stage, while the MID stage showed the smallest gains in jump and COD, with no signifi","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effects of Cannabidiol on Physiological and Subjective Responses to Endurance Exercise: A Dose-Ranging Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial.","authors":"Ayshe Sahinovic, Namson S Lau, Angelo Sabag, Rebecca Gordon, Amanda J Cox, Katie Walker, Christopher Irwin, Ben Desbrow, Nathan Johnson, Paul J Austin, Paul Haber, Iain S McGregor, Danielle McCartney","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00895-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00895-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athletes report using cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating constituent of Cannabis sativa L., to enhance post-exercise recovery and manage other health conditions (e.g., poor sleep, anxiety, concussion). However, whether CBD influences performance-related outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated the acute effects of a low, nutraceutical (50 mg) and moderate, therapeutic (300 mg) dose of CBD on physiological and subjective responses to endurance exercise in trained runners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted at the University of Sydney between 24th October 2022 and 4th March 2024. Twenty-five participants (16 male; <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max = 53.1 ± 7.5 mL·min kg^-1) received either 0 (placebo), 50 or 300 mg CBD 1.5 h prior to completing a 60-min, submaximal intensity (~ 70% <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max) treadmill run (RUN 1), followed by an incremental run to volitional exhaustion (RUN 2). Neither dose of CBD altered subjective responses (i.e., affective valence, enjoyment, perceived exertion, pain) during RUN 1, nor enjoyment, mood or anxiety following RUN 1 and 2 (p's > 0.05). CBD also had a limited effect on exercise physiology and performance, with heart rate, exercise efficiency (i.e., <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂), <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2peak and time to exhaustion (TTE) unchanged relative to placebo (p's > 0.05). However, 300 mg CBD decreased the respiratory exchange ratio during RUN 1 (p = 0.030) and 50 mg CBD increased blood glucose upon cessation of RUN 2 (p = 0.003), compared to placebo. There was no effect of either dose on plasma concentrations of muscle damage markers, creatine and myoglobin (p's > 0.05), but a Treatment x Time x Sex interaction was identified for the gastrointestinal barrier function marker, lipopolysaccharide, with post hoc analyses revealing higher concentrations in females Post RUN 2 on 50 mg (p = 0.032), but not 300mg CBD (p = 1.000), compared to placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBD (50 mg, 300 mg; acute) does not appear to alter the subjective experience of submaximal intensity exercise, impact endurance performance (i.e., TTE) or have compelling effects on physiological responses to exercise. Use of CBD by athletes is, therefore, unlikely to be ergolytic or ergogenic at low to moderate doses.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial was approved by the Sydney Local Health District's Human Research Ethics Committee (2021/ ETH11945; X21-0392) and registered prospectively with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000717752).</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-Based Homework Interventions for Improving 24-hour Movement Behaviours in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"April Forrest, Duncan Buchan, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Lawrence Hayes, Samantha Robinson","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>School-based interventions aimed at improving physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep (i.e., 24-hour movement behaviours) are prevalent. However, the potential use of homework as an intervention method has been largely unexamined. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of school-based health interventions which implement homework to improve 24-hour movement behaviours in primary school-aged children, whilst examining the moderating effects of study characteristics on intervention effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science on 4th March 2024 using the following eligibility criteria: (1) participants were aged 5-12 years old; (2) school-based interventions that implemented homework specifically designed to improve one or more 24-hour movement behaviours; (3) randomised- or non-randomised controlled trials, or mixed methods studies where quantitative components included experimental or quasi-experimental data that could be clearly extracted; (4) device-based measured changes in individual or combined 24-hour movement behaviours, or their compositions, were reported. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers with study quality rated using the NIH quality assessment tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute standardised mean difference (Hedges' g), with subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2,281 studies, 19 studies involving 13,160 participants were included for data extraction. Meta-analyses revealed significant favourable association for school-based interventions which implemented homework for sleep outcomes (g = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and SB (g = -0.20, p = 0.0034). No significant effects of the interventions compared to controls were found for PA. Meta-regressions revealed that longer intervention durations significantly improved PA (counts per minute; β = 0.14, p = 0.0241), with no significant effects found for sleep or SB. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of intervention on SB in RCT's in both theory-based and non-theory-based studies, though differences between subgroups were not statistically significant. Effects varied between pre- and post-implementations of 24-hour movement guidelines on SB, but these differences were also not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight a significant gap in school-based interventions implementing homework targeting all 24-hour movement behaviours, emphasising the need for future interventions to focus on reducing SB and improving sleep for more beneficial outcomes.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42024518271.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing International Consensus on Key Indicators for a 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Report Card in Early Childhood: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study.","authors":"Wendy Y Huang, Danqing Zhang, Mark S Tremblay, Martin C S Wong, Cindy H P Sit, Sam W S Wong, Derwin K C Chan, Stephen H S Wong","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00905-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00905-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization has established recommendations for 24-h movement behaviours in children under 5 years. Building on the successful knowledge translation model of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Report Cards, this study aimed to develop a similar framework for the early years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a three-round twin-panel Delphi survey (conducted via an online survey between 28 November 2024 and 11 March 2025), expert consensus was sought on indicators and benchmarks for the first dedicated report card on 24-h movement behaviours for the early years. The experts were identified through a three-step selection process, which included recognised international projects and networks as well as literature search. In Round 1, participants evaluated the applicability of 15 initial indicators. In Rounds 2 and 3, they rated the importance of each indicator, with results from their own panel (Round 2) and the other panel (Round 3) provided to inform their decisions. Qualitative feedback on definitions and benchmarks was systematically reviewed and incorporated. Consensus was predefined as ≥ 75% agreement, with stability across rounds considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 175 invited experts, 72 (41.1% recruitment rate) from 15 regions participated in Round 1, with 61 (84.7% response rate) and 56 (77.8% response rate) completing Rounds 2 and 3, respectively. Consensus was achieved for 12 indicators, with definitions and benchmarks refined based on expert inputs. Notably, Weight Status and Motor Proficiency were excluded due to lower agreement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The finalised set of indicators, definitions, and benchmarks provides a robust foundation for creating a standardised report card for early childhood. The finalised results serve as a critical advocacy instrument to raise awareness, improve surveillance, facilitate cross-jurisdictional comparisons, and inform policy and public health initiatives, ultimately supporting the health and well-being of young children globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health among Retired Great Britain's Olympic Athletes: A cross-sectional Study of Disease and Multimorbidity.","authors":"Dale J Cooper, Julius Sim","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00897-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00897-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, there is a paucity of long-term health data for retired athletes. This study describes the prevalence of common morbidities and multimorbidity among retired Great Britain's (GB) Olympic athletes, compared to a general population comparator group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of retired athletes was undertaken. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) served as the reference population. Age- and sex-standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) and odd ratios (ORs) determined where morbidity and multimorbidity prevalence amongst retired athletes exceeded or were inferior to those of the reference population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retired athletes (n = 493) were less likely (SMR < 1) than controls (n = 8024) to report diabetes (0.43, 99% CI 0.22, 0.74), stroke (0.39, 99% CI 0.12, 0.90), obesity (0.35, 99% CI 0.23, 0.50), asthma (0.29, 99% CI 0.12, 0.59), lung disease (0.29, 99% CI 0.06, 0.81), angina (0.18, 99% CI 0.05, 0.46), and eye disorders (0.06, 99% CI 0.01, 0.18). In addition, abnormal heart rhythm (0.45, 99% CI 0.40, 0.54) and osteoporosis (0.46, 99% CI 0.42, 0.51) were lower in female athletes. Retired athletes were more likely (SMR > 1) than controls to report melanoma or other skin cancer (5.64, 99% CI 2.80, 10.06) and osteoarthritis (1.44, 99% CI 1.18, 1.75). There were no differences detected in cancers of the breast, prostate, colon, bowel or bladder. Multimorbidity was less prevalent among retired athletes (OR 0.50, 99% CI 0.38, 0.67).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retired athletes had superior cardiovascular health and a lower risk of multimorbidity, but were more at risk of melanoma or other skin cancer and osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}