Essi K Ahokas, Richard S Hennessy, Helen G Hanstock, Heikki Kyröläinen, Johanna K Ihalainen
{"title":"运动后热暴露对急性恢复和训练诱导的表现适应的影响:一项系统综述。","authors":"Essi K Ahokas, Richard S Hennessy, Helen G Hanstock, Heikki Kyröläinen, Johanna K Ihalainen","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00910-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whole-body heat exposure, such as sauna bathing or hot water immersion (HWI) has been shown to induce various physiological adaptations that can improve athletic performance. However, the effects of post-exercise heat exposure on acute recovery and promoting training-induced performance adaptations are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the current evidence on the effects of post-exercise heat exposure on physical performance in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search for articles was conducted in December 2023 and updated in June 2025 using the PubMed, SPOLIT, Medline, and SPORTDiscus databases. Eligible studies were randomised or crossover trials comparing whole-body post-exercise heat exposure (≥ 36 °C, e.g., hot water immersion to at least sternum level, or sauna bathing) to passive or placebo recovery. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool version 2. Only studies that provided results on maximal physical performance outcomes in healthy adults were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies, including a total of 194 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Nine studies investigated acute effects after heat exposure and five were long-term training intervention studies. The acute studies reported uncertain results, with studies showing no effects (n = 4), beneficial (n = 4), or adverse (n = 1) effects of post-exercise heat exposure on performance recovery. The chronic studies suggested that post-exercise heating may improve running performance, at least in hot conditions. However, repeated heat exposures had no effect on cycling performance or VO<sub>2</sub>max. The overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate. The heterogeneity of study designs, heating protocols, exercise modes, performance outcomes and recovery times precluded meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the current evidence, it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions about the effects of post-exercise heat exposure on recovery and physical performance development. Additional high-quality studies are needed to determine the optimal heat exposure methods and recovery strategies for different types of training and performance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Post-Exercise Heat Exposure on Acute Recovery and Training-Induced Performance Adaptations: A Systematic Review.\",\"authors\":\"Essi K Ahokas, Richard S Hennessy, Helen G Hanstock, Heikki Kyröläinen, Johanna K Ihalainen\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40798-025-00910-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whole-body heat exposure, such as sauna bathing or hot water immersion (HWI) has been shown to induce various physiological adaptations that can improve athletic performance. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:全身热暴露,如桑拿浴或热水浸泡(HWI)已被证明可以诱导各种生理适应,从而提高运动成绩。然而,运动后热暴露对急性恢复和促进训练诱导的表现适应的影响尚不清楚。本系统综述的目的是总结目前关于运动后热暴露对健康成年人身体表现影响的证据。方法:本综述遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南。在2023年12月对文章进行了系统搜索,并于2025年6月使用PubMed、spoit、Medline和SPORTDiscus数据库进行了更新。符合条件的研究是随机或交叉试验,比较运动后全身热暴露(≥36°C,例如热水浸泡至至少胸骨水平,或桑拿浴)与被动或安慰剂恢复。纳入研究的偏倚风险使用Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias Tool version 2进行评估。仅纳入了提供健康成人最大体能表现结果的研究。结果:14项研究共194名受试者符合纳入标准。9项研究调查了热暴露后的急性效应,5项研究是长期训练干预研究。急性研究报告了不确定的结果,有研究显示运动后热暴露对性能恢复没有影响(n = 4),有益(n = 4)或不利(n = 1)的影响。长期研究表明,运动后加热可以改善跑步表现,至少在炎热的条件下。然而,反复的热暴露对循环性能和最大摄氧量没有影响。证据的总体质量为低到中等。研究设计、加热方案、运动模式、表现结果和恢复时间的异质性排除了meta分析。结论:基于目前的证据,不可能得出关于运动后热暴露对恢复和身体机能发展的影响的明确结论。需要更多高质量的研究来确定不同类型的训练和表现结果的最佳热暴露方法和恢复策略。
Effects of Post-Exercise Heat Exposure on Acute Recovery and Training-Induced Performance Adaptations: A Systematic Review.
Background: Whole-body heat exposure, such as sauna bathing or hot water immersion (HWI) has been shown to induce various physiological adaptations that can improve athletic performance. However, the effects of post-exercise heat exposure on acute recovery and promoting training-induced performance adaptations are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the current evidence on the effects of post-exercise heat exposure on physical performance in healthy adults.
Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search for articles was conducted in December 2023 and updated in June 2025 using the PubMed, SPOLIT, Medline, and SPORTDiscus databases. Eligible studies were randomised or crossover trials comparing whole-body post-exercise heat exposure (≥ 36 °C, e.g., hot water immersion to at least sternum level, or sauna bathing) to passive or placebo recovery. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool version 2. Only studies that provided results on maximal physical performance outcomes in healthy adults were included.
Results: Fourteen studies, including a total of 194 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Nine studies investigated acute effects after heat exposure and five were long-term training intervention studies. The acute studies reported uncertain results, with studies showing no effects (n = 4), beneficial (n = 4), or adverse (n = 1) effects of post-exercise heat exposure on performance recovery. The chronic studies suggested that post-exercise heating may improve running performance, at least in hot conditions. However, repeated heat exposures had no effect on cycling performance or VO2max. The overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate. The heterogeneity of study designs, heating protocols, exercise modes, performance outcomes and recovery times precluded meta-analysis.
Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions about the effects of post-exercise heat exposure on recovery and physical performance development. Additional high-quality studies are needed to determine the optimal heat exposure methods and recovery strategies for different types of training and performance outcomes.