Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Acute and Chronic Effects of Stretching on Running Economy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Konstantin Warneke, Maximilian Zechner, Stanislav D Siegel, Daniel Jochum, Leefke Brunssen, Andreas Konrad","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00859-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00859-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Running economy (RE) determines the performance of endurance athletes. While stretching has been practised for decades, and is still one common integral component of warm-up routine, muscle stretching is also associated with decreased stiffness. For RE energy storage in the tendons which is accompanied with stiffness is of crucial importance. In turn, avoidance of pre-running stretching was frequently recommended. Although some studies supported this recommendation, the evidence is controversial. Nevertheless, yet, no systematic review on the effects of stretching on RE with effect size (ES) quantification was performed. Consequently, with this systematic review with meta-analysis, we aim to provide the first overview on this topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In adherence to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we meta-analyzed effect sizes from three databases using PICOS guidelines on stretching effects on RE in healthy participants using robust variance estimation. Heterogeneity was reduced using subgroup analyses while meta-regression evaluated whether running velocity potentially moderates results. Risk of Bias was assessed using the PEDro scale, certainty of evidence was classified via GRADE working group criteria. The study protocol was registered in Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MA8D4 ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, low certainty of evidence pooled from 15 studies with a total of 181 participants indicated that stretching did not significantly moderate RE acutely (p = 0.21-0.65), neither in general, nor were there any stretching types (dynamic, static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) that affected this result. Due to the limited number of chronic studies found in the literature, long-term stretching effects were exclusively evaluated qualitatively. Meaningful heterogeneity and reduced methodological quality (PEDro Score: 4.88, fair) contributed to certainty of evidence downgrading.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In contrast to common beliefs that stretching decreased stiffness parameters and would therefore hamper RE, current evidence does not support any effect of stretching on RE in running athletes. However, several flaws such as no investigation of the underlying mechanisms (e.g., stiffness), small sample sizes, determining RE at different velocities, and the implementation of unreasonable stretching durations strongly biased conclusions. Especially on chronic effects there is a large demand for improved evidence, including underlying mechanisms investigation. Yet, it seems unreasonable to avoid pre-running stretching to prevent RE decreases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Health Problems in Australian Mixed Martial Arts and Muay Thai Competitors: A 14-Month Study of 26 Combat Sports Events.","authors":"Colin S Doherty, Oliver R Barley, Lauren V Fortington","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00880-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00880-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed martial arts (MMA) and Muay Thai (MT) are widely practiced combat sports, yet research on the full spectrum of competition-related health problems (HPs) remains limited, particularly for MT. Existing studies in both sports primarily focus on retrospective analyses of severe injuries, often estimating time lost from training or competition. This study describes the incidence of all competition HPs reported seven days after MMA and MT contests, and determines the number of days impacted by tracking athletes' self-identified worst HPs until resolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on competition HPs were collected using an online questionnaire completed seven days after each MMA and MT event (n = 26). The questionnaire included the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems 2 (OSTRC-H2). The Combat Sports Commission of Western Australia provided competition exposure time data. Incidence rates of HPs were calculated per 100 min of exposure (HPIR_ME). Competitors reporting HPs were followed up weekly using the OSTRC-H2 questionnaire until their worst HPs resolved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 175 competitors (238 responses) who completed the questionnaire (76% male; age: 27 ± 6 years), 81 competitors (92 responses) reported a total of 411 HPs (315 injuries, 96 illnesses). Among the 92 worst HPs, 26 were substantial, and 24 prevented training. The HPIR_ME was 20.1 (95% CI: 16.5-24.4) for MMA and 25 (95% CI: 22.3-28) for MT. Follow-up captured 78 (85%) of the worst HPs, with 175 responses collected over 14-70 days post-competition. The median days impacted by the worst HPs were 20 for MMA and 16 for MT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among respondents, 39% reported at least one HP. On average, the worst HPs resolved in less than three weeks. These findings provide valuable insights into the frequency and impact of competition HPs,offering important information for promoters, athletes, coaches, and regulatory bodies to better understand and address the health challenges faced by combat sports athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor-Based Interventions in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.","authors":"Jiaxin Gao, Yihan Yang, Xiaqing Xu, Dunbing Huang, Yangxin Wu, Hongfei Ren, Anren Zhang, Xiaohua Ke, Wei Song","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00833-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00833-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neuromotor disorder in children that is characterized by significant difficulties in fine and gross motor skills. The main interventions for children with DCD are motor-based interventions (MBI), and a large number of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have emerged in recent years, but the efficacy of different types of MBI on different outcome parameters is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of MBI on standardized motor tests, body functions, activity and participation performance, and psychosocial factors in children with DCD, and to explore the differential effects of different types of interventions (including process-oriented, task-oriented, or combined task- and process-oriented) on the above outcome parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic literature search of all studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to January 31, 2024 to compile all RCTs on MBI for children with DCD. Participants in this study were children with DCD between the ages of 3 and 17, using standardised motor skills tests, body function, activity and participation performance, or psychosocial factors as study outcomes. We assessed the risk of bias for each study and the overall risk of bias using Cochrane's 'risk of bias' tool. Quantitative syntheses (meta-analyses) were conducted with effect sizes expressed as Hedges' g.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that MBI significantly improved the overall motor skills (g = 1.00, 95%CI [0.48,1.52], p &lt; 0.001), balance function (g = 0.57, 95%CI [0.17,0.97], p = 0.005), cognitive function (g = 1.53, 95%CI [0.67,2.39], p = 0.001), muscle function (g = 0.91, 95%CI [0.17,1.66], p = 0.017), coordination function (g = 0.47, 95%CI [0.04,0.90], p = 0.032), visual function (g = 0.61, 95%CI [0.15,1.08], p = 0.009), sensory function (g = 0.85, 95%CI [0.34,1.35], p = 0.001), sensory organization function (g = 0.61, 95%CI [0.27,0.96], p = 0.001) and activity performance (g = 0.71, 95%CI [0.23,1.19], p = 0.004), but improvements in children's psychosocial factors (g = 0.71, 95%CI [- 0.08,1.50], p = 0.079) were not significant, nor were improvements in children's participation levels observed with MBI. Subgroup analyses further revealed that task-oriented training significantly improved overall motor skills, balance function, and activity performance in children with DCD, and that combined task- and process-oriented training also significantly improved overall motor skills in children with DCD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;MBI demonstrates significant positive effects on enhancing standardized motor test scores, body functions, and levels of activity performance in children with DCD. However, no improvements were observed in children's participation levels, and no statisti","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cytokine Modulation in Athletes After a Bout of Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Diego Aparicio-Pascual, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00860-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00860-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-induced inflammation, especially after intense or prolonged physical activity, can hinder recovery in athletes. Probiotic supplementation has been suggested as a potential method to modulate this inflammatory response by influencing the gut microbiota. However, the effects of probiotics on cytokine profiles following exercise remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of probiotic supplementation on cytokine modulation in athletes aged 18-50 years following exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotic supplementation for at least one week to athletes were included. Studies comparing probiotics to a placebo or no supplementation, with post-exercise cytokine levels as the primary outcome, were analyzed. A systematic search was conducted across four databases (PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science (WOS) and Cochrane), up to June 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to determine the impact of probiotic supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies involving 526 athletes from various endurance disciplines were included in the review. Probiotic supplementation significantly increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI 0.25-0.61; I² = 0%). However, no significant effects were observed for other cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. Subgroup analyses supported the consistency of IL-10 findings across different exercise protocols, though substantial heterogeneity was observed for some cytokines. The variability in study designs, probiotic strains, dosages, and exercise modalities contributed to the mixed results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotic supplementation appears to enhance anti-inflammatory responses post-exercise, particularly by increasing IL-10 levels, which may aid recovery in athletes. However, the evidence regarding its effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines remains inconclusive. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to clarify these effects and establish standardized protocols for supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Trends in the Relationship Between Chronic Air Pollution Exposure, Physical Activity and Lung Function in Youth Aged 5-18 Years With and Without Asthma: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Samanta Gudziunaite, Kelly A Mackintosh, Gwyneth A Davies, Kathryn A Jordan, Paul D Lewis, Chris J Griffiths, T Alexander Swain, Melitta A McNarry","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00856-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00856-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Children are more susceptible to air pollution due, at least in part, to their less-developed respiratory systems and higher respiratory rates. Although the health benefits associated with physical activity are indisputable, there is considerable debate regarding whether increased exposure to, and deeper inhalation of, air pollution while being physically active negates such health benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim was to explore the relationship between air pollution and lung function and the influence of asthma status and physical activity in children and adolescents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Six databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines with no date restrictions: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Studies were included if they: i) studied children and adolescents (5-18 years); ii) were peer-reviewed; iii) were available in the English language; and iv) reported data using previously validated tools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;From 12,161 original records, 16 studies were included in this review. The most widely examined pollutants were particulate matter PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;-PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, ozone (O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), nitrogen dioxide (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), nitrogen oxide (NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt;), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulphur dioxide (SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). Increased exposure to various air pollutants, particularly during outdoor physical activity, resulted in lung function deficits. This was especially evident in children and adolescents with asthma, dependent on the specific air pollutant. There was a consensus that forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased as air pollution concentrations increased. Notably, there was a reduction in FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; at both three- and four-days post-exposure to CO, PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;There is a pressing need to reduce the impact of air pollution on lung function to improve health and realise the full benefits of physical activity. Given the potent and potentially long-term effects of air pollution, governments and local authorities must continue to reduce air pollution concentrations to improve the current and future health of populations globally.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key points: &lt;/strong&gt;Increased exposure to air pollutants results in impairments of children's and adolescents' lung function, with the most pronounced effects observed three-to-four days post-exposure. This delayed impact suggests a prolonged risk of respiratory impairment following exposure, but further work is required to fully elucidate the timeline and associated dose-response relationship. The limited evidence available suggests that physical activity levels may be lower during periods with high air pollution concentrations, particularly in those living in urban areas or near roads. This is especially conce","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity to Counter Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Benefits of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Training-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Wissem Dhahbi, Walid Briki, Andreas Heissel, Lutz Schega, Ismail Dergaa, Noomen Guelmami, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Helmi Chaabene","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00857-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00857-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;With the increase in life expectancy, age-related cognitive decline has become a prevalent concern. Physical activity (PA) is increasingly being recognized as a vital non-pharmacological strategy to counteract this decline. This review aimed to (i) critically evaluate and synthesize the impact of different PA and exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training) on cognitive health and overall well-being in older adults, (ii) discuss the influence of exercise intensity on cognitive functions, and (iii) elucidate the potential mechanisms through which PA and exercise may enhance or mitigate cognitive performance among older adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main body: &lt;/strong&gt;An exhaustive analysis of peer-reviewed studies pertaining to PA/exercise and cognitive health in older adults from January 1970 to February 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. There is compelling evidence that aerobic and resistance training (RT) improve cognitive function and mental health in older adults, with benefits influenced by the type and intensity of exercise. Specifically, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise appears to bolster memory, executive functions, and mood regulation, potentially through increased cerebral blood flow, neurogenesis, and production of brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus. Moderate-to-high-intensity RT acutely enhances visuospatial processing and executive functions, with chronic training promoting neurogenesis, possibly by stimulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and augmenting blood flow to the prefrontal cortex. Findings related to the effects of concurrent training on cognitive function and mental health are heterogeneous, with some studies reporting no significant impact and others revealing substantial improvements. However, emerging evidence indicates that the combination of concurrent training and cognitive tasks (i.e., dual tasks) is particularly effective, often outperforming aerobic exercise alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Regular aerobic and RT performance is beneficial for older adults to mitigate cognitive decline and enhance their overall well-being. Specifically, engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic exercises and moderate-to-high-intensity RT is safe and effective in improving cognitive function and mental health in this demographic. These exercises, which can be conveniently incorporated into daily routines, effectively enhance mental agility, memory, executive function, and mood. The findings related to concurrent training are mixed, with emerging evidence indicating the effectiveness of combined concurrent and cognitive tasks on cognitive health and well-being in older adults. Key Points - Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is associated with significant improvements in cognitive function, mood regulation, and overall well-being in older adults. These benefits are linked to structural and functional changes in th","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Induced by Voluntary Hypoventilation at Low Lung Volume: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Camille Précart, Janne Bouten, Xavier Woorons, Charly Fornasier-Santos, Grégoire P Millet, Franck Brocherie","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00853-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00853-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) induced through voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) may represent a low-cost alternative to systemic hypoxia. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effects of RSH-VHL training interventions on sea-level physical performance compared to similar repeated-sprint training with normal breathing (RSN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus^®, ProQuest, and Web of Science online databases were examined from inception to February 2025 for original studies investigating the changes in physical performance following RSH-VHL and RSN. Only trained participants were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was determined for repeated-sprint ability related variables [i.e., best and mean performance (RSA_best and RSA_mean), sprint decrement score (S_dec)] and maximal blood lactate concentration ([La]_max). PEDro scale and Begg & Mazumbar test were used to assessed risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 776 studies identified through systematic search, 10 studies including a total of 199 individuals (157 males and 42 females) were eligible for meta-analysis. While no effect was observed for RSA_best (SMD = 0.038; 95%CI - 0.252-0.328; P = 0.798) and RSA_mean (SMD = 0.276; 95%CI - 0.018-0.570; P = 0.066), moderate significant effects were observed for S_dec (SMD = 0.603; 95%CI 0.180-1.025; P = 0.005) and [La]_max (SMD = 0.611; 95%CI 0.223-0.999; P = 0.002) favoring RSH-VHL vs. RSN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume provides putative gains in fatigue resistance during repeated sprints. Higher maximal blood lactate concentration suggests greater glycolytic contribution during RSH-VHL compared to RSN. Mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unclear and have yet to be identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case for Protective Headguards in Amateur Boxing and Implications for International Policy on Headguard Bans.","authors":"Kelvin Le, James Norton Marchant, Khang Duy Ricky Le","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00871-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00871-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent prohibition of headguards by the International Boxing Association (IBA; previously AIBA) has sparked worldwide controversy regarding safeguarding the health of athletes in the boxing community. Studies have evaluated the role of headguards in preventing concussion, cuts and lacerations and fractures. However, the evidence for improvement in these outcomes remains poorly characterised and a gap remains in the ability to inform evidence-based sport and health policy in this space. This Current Opinion article demonstrates the effectiveness of headguards in protecting against cuts and lacerations and notes there is insufficient evidence supporting headguard bans. Furthermore, this article highlights a gap in collaborative effort and communication between the IBA and smaller representative bodies, which is an important consideration for future policy reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Medical Teams during European Athletics Championships from 2009 To 2024: Composition, Gender Distribution, and Influence on Team Performance.","authors":"Pascal Edouard, Spyridon Iatropoulos, Karolina Velebova, Ciara McCallion, Marianna Kiss, Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux, Pedro Branco, Jane Thornton, Karsten Hollander","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00864-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00864-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Having the overall goal to help countries/teams in the preparation of their national medical teams for international athletics championships, we aimed to describe the composition of national medical teams, including gender distribution, and to explore its potential association with team performance, during European Athletics championships. We conducted a retrospective study covering 15 consecutive outdoor and indoor European Athletics championships between 2009 and 2024 including the national medical team members and athletes registered. We extracted the number of national medical team members by profession and gender, the ratio of athletes per national medical team member, and the number of medals per athlete. Potential associations were explored using Spearman's correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 15 consecutive European Athletics championships between 2009 and 2024, 54 European Athletics member federations participated at one or more of the championships, corresponding to 726 country-participations, from which 68.5% had a national medical team. The national medical team included: 71.0% physiotherapists and 29.0% physicians, 20.7% women and 79.3% men. There was a median of 11 (range: 1-43) athletes per physiotherapist and 23 (range: 3-64) athletes per physician. There was a small but significant negative correlation between the number of medals per athlete and the ratio of athletes per medical team member (r=-0.33; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the European Athletics championships, approximately two-thirds of countries/teams had a national medical team, with a median of eight athletes per medical team member, with large variation between teams. Only one out of five medical team members were women. When the number of athletes per medical team member was higher, this was associated with a lower number of medals per athlete. These findings may be of help to assemble effective and successful medical teams in future championships.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Multi-omics To Personalized Training: The Rise of Enduromics and Resistomics.","authors":"Kayvan Khoramipour, Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Simone Lista, Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Katsuhiko Suzuki","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00855-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00855-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of its positive effects on the cardiovascular, metabolic and neurohormonal systems, as well as other aspects of systemic physiology, exercise is crucial to overall health. Traditional exercise physiology techniques that rely on invasive procedures have limited our understanding of the molecular changes induced by exercise. This paper distinguishes the emerging fields of \"enduromics\" and \"resistomics\" from sportomics. Enduromics and resistomics concentrate on the molecular responses to endurance and resistance training, respectively, in a variety of populations, whereas sportomics stresses the study of molecular alterations in athletes in competitive or simulated situations. These fields integrate biological systems with omics technology to provide accurate insights into the many physiological responses that occur during aerobic and anaerobic exercise. These methods make it possible to create individualized training plans that maximise health, reduce injury risk and improve adherence by identifying biomarkers and metabolic fingerprints. The revolutionary potential of enduromics and resistomics for athletic performance and public health underscores the need for more research across all demographics and training modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}