Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Comparing the Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Traditional Physical Fitness Training on Physical Performance Outcomes in Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ke-Wen Wan, Zi-Han Dai, Po-San Wong, Robin Sze-Tak Ho, Bjorn T Tam","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00811-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00811-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing youth's physical fitness levels during childhood and adolescence through prior training programs can significantly optimize their athletic performance. The integrative neuromuscular training (INT) model is designed to improve neuromuscular function and prevent athletic injuries, and is superior to the traditional physical training method. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of INT versus traditional physical fitness training (PT) on physical performance-related outcomes in young athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six online databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO) searched from inception through 15 January 2024. Meta-analysis was performed when data were available from two or more trials. Physical performance-related outcomes were analyzed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The certainty of evidence and quality of the included studies were rated using the GRADE scale and the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen randomized controlled trials with 649 young athletes were included in the systematic review. Of those, 1 study showed a low risk of bias, 1 showed a high risk, and 15 showed some concerns. Compared to the PT group, INT significantly improved dynamic balance (MD = 7.29%, 95%CI 3.31 to 11.28, p < 0.001, I² = 64.7%), static balance (SMD = -0.54, 95%CI -0.84 to -0.24, p < 0.001, I² = 0.0%), jumping performance (SMD = 0.53, 95%CI 0.32 to 0.73, p < 0.001, I² = 0.0%), sprinting capacity (SMD = -0.76, 95%CI -1.13 to -0.39, p < 0.001, I² = 57.6%) and maximal strength (SMD = 1.01, 95%CI 0.35 to 1.67, p = 0.002, I² = 81.9%%). No significant between-group differences were identified for agility and flexibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that INT has the potential to be an effective training method to improve physical performance in young athletes. Moreover, further research is needed to determine the effects and associated doses for young athletes of different age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Personalized Muscle-Tendon Assessment and Exercise Prescription Concept Reduces Muscle-Tendon Imbalances in Female Adolescent Athletes.","authors":"Theresa Domroes, Kolja Weidlich, Sebastian Bohm, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00817-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00817-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Imbalances between muscle strength and tendon stiffness influence the mechanical demand on the tendon (i.e., tendon strain) and may increase tendon injury risk. The purpose of this study was to identify muscle-tendon imbalances and to promote a more balanced musculotendinous adaptation through a personalized assessment and exercise prescription concept in female adolescent handball athletes (13-16 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At four measurement time points during a competitive season, we used dynamometry and ultrasonography to assess knee extensor muscle strength, patellar tendon stiffness and strain. Tendon micromorphology was assessed with a peak spatial frequency (PSF) analysis of proximal tendon ultrasound images. Muscle-tendon imbalances were identified based on tendon strain during maximum voluntary contractions. A control group (n = 15) followed their usual training. In the intervention group, athletes with a deficit in tendon stiffness (strain ≥ 9%; n = 6) or no muscle-tendon imbalances (strain between 4.5% and 9%; n = 15) performed exercises (3x/week for 32 weeks) with a personalized load to reach ~ 6.2% tendon strain to predominantly promote tendon or both muscle and tendon adaptation. Individuals with a muscle strength deficit (strain ≤ 4.5%; n = 1) trained with submaximal loads to failure to promote muscle strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intervention group we found lower fluctuations of maximum tendon strain (p = 0.005) and a decrease in tendon strain over time (p = 0.010), which was more pronounced in individuals with initially high tendon strain. While there were no systematic changes in muscle strength or tendon stiffness at the group level (p > 0.05), the marked decrease in tendon strain in individuals with a deficit in tendon stiffness was caused by a predominant increase in tendon stiffness. Overall, the prevalence of muscle-tendon imbalances was reduced in the intervention group, while it temporarily increased in the control group. PSF did not differ between groups at baseline but decreased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that the personalized concept is suitable to promote a more uniform adaptation of knee extensor muscle strength and patellar tendon stiffness and to reduce the prevalence of musculotendinous imbalances in female adolescent athletes, which may have important implications for tendon injury prevention.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>DRKS, DRKS00035110. Registered 20 September 2024-retrospectively registered, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00035110 .</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can Blood Flow Restriction Exercise be Utilised for the Management of Persistent Pain Following Complex Injuries in Military Personnel? A Narrative Review.","authors":"Luke Gray, Peter Ladlow, Russell J Coppack, Robyn P Cassidy, Lynn Kelly, Sarah Lewis, Nick Caplan, Robert Barker-Davies, Alexander N Bennett, Luke Hughes","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00804-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00804-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent pain is a complicated phenomenon associated with a wide array of complex pathologies and conditions (e.g., complex regional pain syndrome, non-freezing cold injury), leading to extensive disability and reduced physical function. Conventional resistance training is commonly contraindicated in load compromised and/or persistent pain populations, compromising rehabilitation progression and potentially leading to extensive pharmacological intervention, invasive procedures, and reduced occupational status. The management of persistent pain and utility of adjunct therapies has become a clinical and research priority within numerous healthcare settings, including defence medical services.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise has demonstrated beneficial morphological and physiological adaptions in load-compromised populations, as well as being able to elicit acute hypoalgesia. The aims of this narrative review are to: (1) explore the use of BFR exercise to elicit hypoalgesia; (2) briefly review the mechanisms of BFR-induced hypoalgesia; (3) discuss potential implications and applications of BFR during the rehabilitation of complex conditions where persistent pain is the primary limiting factor to progress, within defence rehabilitation healthcare settings. The review found BFR application is a feasible intervention across numerous load-compromised clinical populations (e.g., post-surgical, post-traumatic osteoarthritis), and there is mechanistic rationale for use in persistent pain pathologies. Utilisation may also be pleiotropic in nature by ameliorating pathological changes while also modulating pain response. Numerous application methods (e.g., with aerobic exercise, passive application, or resistance training) allow practitioners to cater for specific limitations (e.g., passive, or contralateral application with kinesiophobia) in clinical populations. Additionally, the low-mechanical load nature of BFR exercise may allow for high-frequency use within residential military rehabilitation, providing a platform for conventional resistance training thereafter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future research needs to examine the differences in pain modulation between persistent pain and pain-free populations with BFR application, supporting the investigation of mechanisms for BFR-induced hypoalgesia, the dose-response relationship between BFR-exercise and pain modulation, and the efficacy and effectiveness of BFR application in complex musculoskeletal and persistent pain populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology and Pathophysiology of Marathon Running: A narrative Review.","authors":"Lorin Braschler, Pantelis T Nikolaidis, Mabliny Thuany, Daniela Chlíbková, Thomas Rosemann, Katja Weiss, Matthias Wilhelm, Beat Knechtle","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00810-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00810-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main body: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems. A predefined search strategy including keywords (e.g., marathon, cardiovascular system, etc.) and free text search was used. Articles covering running regardless of sex, age, performance level, and event type (e.g., road races, mountain marathons) were considered, whereas articles examining only cycling, triathlon, stress-tests or other sports were excluded. In total, we found 1021 articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, of which 329 studies were included in this review. Overall, marathon training offers several benefits for different organ systems and reduces all-cause mortality. As such, it improves cardiovascular risk factors, leads to favorable cardiac adaptations, enhances lung function, and improves quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. It also enhances gastrointestinal mobility and reduces the risk of specific tumors such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Marathon training enhances bone health and skeletal muscle metabolism. It further positively affects hematopoiesis and cytotoxic abilities of natural killer cells, and may act neuroprotective on a long-term basis. After a marathon, changes in biomarkers suggesting pathological events in certain organ systems such as cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, liver, hematological, immune, musculoskeletal, central nervous, and endocrine systems can often be observed. Mostly, these changes are limited to 1-3 days post-race and usually normalize within a week. Moreover, marathon running poses the risk of serious adverse events such as sudden cardiac death or acute liver failure. Concerning lung function, a decrease after a marathon race was observed. Acute kidney injury, as well as electrolyte imbalances, are relatively common amongst marathon finishers. Many runners complain of gastrointestinal symptoms during or after long-distance running. Many runners suffer from running-related musculoskeletal injuries often impairing performance. A marathon is often accompanied by an acute inflammatory response with transient immunosuppression, making runners susceptible to infections. Also, hormonal alterations such as increased cortisol levels or decreased testosterone levels immediately after a race are observed. Disturbances in sleep patterns are commonly found in marathon runners leading up to or directly after the race.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;All in all, marathon training is generally safe for human health and individual organ systems. Considering the high popularity of marathon ","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Concurrent Exercise Improves Inhibitory Control Without Mediating the Role of Lactate: An Event-Related Potential Study.","authors":"Ruei-Hong Li, Tai-Rui Chen, Nicholas D Gilson, Marius Brazaitis, Yi-Ting Cheng, Hui-Fang Wu, Ji-Hang Lee, Yu-Kai Chang","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00809-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00809-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Concurrent exercise (CE), an emerging exercise modality characterized by sequential bouts of aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE), has demonstrated acute benefits on executive functions (EFs) and neuroelectric P3 amplitude. However, the effect of acute CE on inhibitory control, a sub-component of EFs, and P3 amplitude remains inconclusive. Moreover, exploring the mechanisms underlying the effects of acute exercise on EFs contributes to scientific comprehension, with lactate recognized as a crucial candidate positively correlated with EFs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of acute CE on inhibitory control via behavioral and event-related potential approaches and to examine its potential mediational role on lactate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-eight adults (mean age = 22.95, SD = 1.75 years) were randomly assigned to either a CE, AE, or control (CON) group. Participants in the CE group engaged in 12-min of AE (40-59% of heart rate reserve [HRR]) coupled with 13-min of RE (1 set, with 75% of 10-repetition maximum, and 12 repetitions of 8 movements). The AE group participated in 25 min of AE (40-59% HRR). Prior to and following exercise onset, participants in both the CE and AE groups completed a 5-min warm-up and cool-down. Participants in the CON group read books for 35 min. Lactate concentrations were measured at timepoints of 0-, 17-, and 30-min relative to the treatment onset. Response time (RT) and accuracy in the Stroop test, as well as P3 amplitude, were assessed before and after the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that both the CE and AE groups had significantly shorter RTs compared to the CON group, with no significant differences in accuracy among groups. A decrease in P3 amplitude was observed for the CE group compared to the AE and CON groups. The mediating effects of lactate between acute exercise and inhibitory control were insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that both CE and AE improve inhibitory control and CE potentially enhances the efficient allocation of attention resources. The lack of a significant mediating effect of lactate warrants further investigation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06370286. Registered 12 April 2024-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06370286 .</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sub 2-h Official Marathon is Possible: Developing a Drafting Strategy for a Historic Breakthrough in Sports.","authors":"G D Fernandes, Nazir Laureano Gandur, Dioser Santos, Victor Maldonado","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00802-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00802-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drafting for drag reduction is a tactic commonly employed by elite athletes of various sports. The strategy has been adopted by Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge on numerous marathon events in the past, including the 2018 and 2022 editions of the Berlin marathon (where Kipchoge set two official world records), as well as in two special attempts to break the 2 h mark for the distance, the Nike Breaking2 (2017) and the INEOS 1:59 Challenge (2019), where Kipchoge used an improved drafting formation to finish in 1:59:40, although that is not recognized as an official record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the drag of a realistic model of a male runner is calculated by computational fluid dynamics for a range of velocities. The formations employed in the past by Kipchoge, as well as alternative formations, are analyzed and systematically compared with respect to mechanical power. In a quest to show that running an official marathon in under 2 h is possible, the power analysis is extended to the pacers. We developed a simple drafting and pacing strategy that Kipchoge could have used to run the 2022 Berlin marathon in a surprising 1 h, 59 min and 48 s.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elite marathon runners can make better use of the pacers to experience reduced drag in races. The associated energy reduction makes it possible to run faster, finishing the race in less time. Using a better drafting strategy and a positive splitting pacing strategy, Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge could have broken the sub 2 h barrier in both the 2018 and 2022 editions of Berlin Marathon.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: \"Neural Correlates of Balance Skill Learning in Young and Older Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\".","authors":"Thierry Paillard, Frédéric Noé","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00814-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00814-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Safety of Field-Based Physical Fitness Tests: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Carolina Cruz-León, Pablo Expósito-Carrillo, Sandra Sánchez-Parente, José Jiménez-Iglesias, Milkana Borges-Cosic, Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia, José Castro-Piñero","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00799-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00799-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While there is evidence on the validity and reliability of field-based physical fitness tests in children, adolescents and adults, there is limited evidence to provide feasibility and safety data on the application and performance of the existing field-based physical fitness tests.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(i) To examine the feasibility and safety of existing field-based physical fitness tests used in people of all ages and (ii) to establish a comprehensive view of criterion-related validity, reliability, feasibility and safety based on scientific evidence for the existing field-based physical fitness tests in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted through the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) for published studies from inception to 31 January 2023. This systematic review was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were classified as very low quality, low quality or high quality, based on the criteria of appropriate number of participants, appropriate description of the study population, and appropriate number of items reported to assess feasibility/safety. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited or inconclusive evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a total of 19 (14 of high quality) and 13 (11 high quality) original studies examining the feasibility and safety of field-based physical fitness tests, respectively. Strong evidence indicated that (a) the 2-km walk and 20-m shuttle run tests were feasible in adults and, children and adolescents, respectively; (b) the handgrip strength test was feasible in children and adolescents; and (c) the standing long jump test was feasible in children and adolescents. Only the 2-km walk test has shown strong evidence on safety in adults. Finally, combining the levels of evidence of criterion-related validity, reliability, feasibility and safety in adults, all the field-based physical fitness tests show limited evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need for more studies and consensus to establish homogeneous methodological criteria to assess the feasibility and safety of field-based fitness tests. The combined evidence on criterion-related validity, reliability, feasibility and safety of field-based tests was found to be limited in adults. PROSPERO reference number CRD42022298276.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Strength Training Targeting Medial Thigh Muscles on Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jiyoung Jeong, Dai-Hyuk Choi, Choongsoo S Shin","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00812-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00812-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee valgus loading is thought to be an important contributor to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, but the effects of training programs focusing on decreasing knee valgus loading on lower extremity biomechanics with respect to ACL injury risk remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of strength training designed to strengthen the medial thigh muscles on lower extremity joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity during single-leg landing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 35 healthy participants randomly conducted either exercises targeting medial thigh muscles (intervention group) or exercises that did not target specific lower extremity muscles (control group). Three-dimensional hip, knee, and ankle kinematic/kinetic data and muscle activity for lower extremity muscles were obtained during single-leg landing. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted for each dependent variable to determine the effect of 8-week of strength training targeting medial thigh muscles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group showed decreased knee varus-valgus excursion (P = 0.009), peak valgus moment (P = 0.032), and peak hip internal rotation moment (P = 0.009) but increased gluteus medius activity in the precontact phase (P = 0.012) and vastus medialis-to-vastus lateralis (VM: VL) coactivation ratio in the postcontact phase (P = 0.043). The change in coronal plane knee excursion was negatively correlated with both the change in gluteus medius activity (R² = 0.321, P = 0.014) and the change in VM: VL coactivation ratio (R² = 0.276, P = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strength training targeting medial thigh muscles can modify the biomechanics associated with ACL injuries; thus, this intervention might be considered when designing ACL injury prevention programs to reduce dynamic knee valgus during sports-related tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Physical Performance: An EEG Study in the Context of High-Intensity Endurance.","authors":"Shanguang Zhao, Majed M Alhumaid, Hai Li, Xin Wei, Steve Shyh-Ching Chen, Hongke Jiang, Yuwu Gong, Yun Gu, Haiquan Qin","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00807-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00807-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function are well-documented, its impact on high-intensity endurance performance and underlying neural mechanisms remains underexplored, especially in the context of search and rescue operations where both physical and mental performance are essential. This study examines the neurophysiological basis of sleep deprivation on high-intensity endurance using electroencephalography (EEG). In this crossover study, twenty firefighters were subjected to both sleep deprivation (SD) and normal sleep conditions, with each participant performing endurance treadmill exercise the following morning after each condition. EEG signals were recorded before and after high-intensity endurance exercise, and power spectrum analysis and functional connectivity analysis were performed on sleep related frequency bands rhythm: δ (0.5-4 Hz) and θ (4-8 Hz). The EEG power spectral and functional connectivity were measured by repeated measure analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SD condition had an average sleep duration of 3.78 ± 0.69 h, while the duration for normal sleep was 7.63 ± 0.52 h. After high-intensity endurance exercise, the SD condition had a higher maximum heart rate (p < 0.05) and shorter exercise time (p < 0.05) than normal sleep. Compared with before exercise, the δ band in the left parietal lobe P7 channel increased significantly (p < 0.01), and the θ band in the central Cz channel and the left and right parietal lobe P7 and P8 channel increased significantly (p < 0.01 & p < 0 0.05) in SD and normal sleep conditions after exercise. After exercise, compared with normal sleep, the δ band power in occipital O1 and Oz channels and parietal P7 and TP7 channels in SD significantly decreased (p < 0.05 & p < 0.01); the power of the θ band decreased significantly in the occipital O1 channel, central CZ channel and the left and right parietal P7 and P8 channel (p < 0.05 & p < 0.01). Whole connectivity showed a significant increase (p = 0.001) in the δ band for the SD condition at post-exhaustion. Local connectivity analysis identified a localized network in the δ band with reduced (p < 0.001) post-exhaustion in the SD condition displaying inter-hemispheric differences in certain connections (FP1-CP4, T7-C4, T7-TP8, and O1-FT8) and intra-hemispheric (C3-CPz and Pz-P4) variations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep deprivation significantly reduced maximum endurance performance, indicating decreased neural activity in the central and parietal brain regions. Alterations in δ and θ frequency band power, along with disrupted connectivity, may highlight the neurophysiological basis underlying this decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}