Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Methodological Considerations and Effectiveness for Ecologically Valid Mental Fatigue Inducement in Sports: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Chao Bian, Suzanna Russell, Ana Mali, Elke Lathouwers, Kevin De Pauw, Jelle Habay, Špela Bogataj, Bart Roelands","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00891-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00891-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental fatigue (MF) in sports has developed from well-controlled laboratory-based studies to applied studies with greater ecological validity. Ongoing developments in the representativeness of MF inducement approaches, including the broad range of sport-specific motor tasks to simulated real-life scenarios, have shown methodological variability and inconsistent outcomes of effectiveness. Evaluating and comparing these approaches is essential to provide recommendations for designing inducement tasks in future research and considerations for practitioners. Therefore, the systematic review aimed to summarize more ecologically valid MF-inducing tasks in representative sports contexts and to evaluate the MF inducement effectiveness via manipulation check outcomes and potential after effects on subsequent sport-specific performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42024577183). PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched until 21 August 2024 for studies that applied acute, more ecologically valid MF-inducing tasks within sports-specific contexts. The MF inducement task design and effectiveness across representative sports and participants were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve papers were included. Only a quarter of studies presented an overall low risk of bias. The 20-minute sports-specific motor tasks with cognitive demands and most 30-minute simulated real-life scenarios (i.e., social media use on smartphones, watching tactical videos, sports-themed videogame play) successfully induced MF in differing athlete samples. Ineffective MF inducement was attributed to shorter task duration, passive engagement with sparse cognitive demands, or the involvement of less susceptible participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review evaluated MF inducement methodologies with greater ecological validity to sporting contexts. The inducement effectiveness varied within four task types. Athletes and sports practitioners should carefully manage the modality and content of pre-competition activities to minimize MF. Future research should refine and co-design the MF-inducing task with practitioners based on multifaceted MF evidence from laboratory and real-life settings, create immersive scenarios that can better replicate the inducement process in specific contexts, and improve measurement tools, which will provide comprehensive evaluation and verification of the MF inducement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal NMR-based Metabolomics Analysis of Male Mountain Ultramarathon Runners: New Perspectives for Athletes Monitoring and Injury Prevention.","authors":"Matthieu Schoumacher, Julie Nguyen, Eric Brevers, Arianna Cirillo, Manon Campas, Elodie Grifnée, Justine Demeuse, Loreen Huyghebaert, Philippe Massonnet, Thomas Dubrowski, Joy Ledeck, Stéphanie Peeters, Grégoire P Millet, Pierre Croisille, Jean-François Kaux, Pascal de Tullio, Etienne Cavalier, Caroline Le Goff","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00879-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00879-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore how a metabolomic approach could provide valuable information on changes in the athletes' metabolome during a mountain ultramarathon race. To achieve this goal, we established a longitudinal cohort of athletes enrolled in the TOR des Géants, a 330 km mountain ultramarathon with 24,000 m of elevation gain. Sixteen healthy male athletes (43.9 ± 10.1 years) were recruited, and blood samples were collected at four time points: pre-race, mid-race, post-race and after 72 h recovery. Using a 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach, we evaluated metabolic changes that occur during both race effort and recovery, and correlated them with functional muscle, cardiac, inflammatory, and renal biomarkers already used in the clinic. The processed data were analyzed using multivariate analysis tools specific to longitudinal study design, and innovative pathway analysis was used for data interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mountain ultramarathon running significantly affected the metabolism and physiology of athletes. Multivariate analysis highlighted specific metabolites and functional biomarkers associated with prolonged exercise. Neither metabolite levels nor biomarker concentrations returned to baseline after 3 days of recovery. Finally, innovative pathway analysis shed light on specific metabolic changes resulting from mountain ultramarathon exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we propose an NMR-based metabolomics strategy to assess exercise-associated metabolic changes during and after events such as the Tor des Géants. Using state-of-the-art data representation methods specific to metabolomics analysis, we demonstrated that such a methodology can provide a unique view of the biology associated with such extreme conditions. As this approach provides unique insights into the biology of extreme exercise, it holds promise for the development of new tools for athlete management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secular Trends of Children's Physical Fitness and the Impact of the COVID-Pandemic for Years 2012 to 2023.","authors":"Tanja Eberhardt, Klaus Bös, Alexander Woll, Reinhold Kliegl, Claudia Niessner","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00881-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00881-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical fitness is a key component in the development of an active lifestyle and a determinant of future health, particularly in childhood. The findings of physical fitness assessments enable evidence-based monitoring and the identification of long-term trends. The COVID-19 pandemic is an additional factor that can be considered in the analysis, as its influence is already known. The aim of our analysis was to comprehensively investigate secular trends with respect to the physical fitness of children before and during the pandemic. This study also serves to test whether Citizen Science projects can deliver results comparable to those obtained using traditional assessment formats while also documenting certain limitations of this approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on annual assessments conducted in the German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg were pooled from 12 cohorts starting in 2012. The analyses are based on 25,580 6-10 year-old children (M = 7.56, SD = 1.21 years; 12,575 girls) in our analysis. We estimated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic using a regression discontinuity design within a linear mixed model. This enabled us to estimate pre-pandemic and pandemic trends, and to adjust for age, sex, and body constitution fixed-effect covariates and child and region as random factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the pre-pandemic cohorts, we found significant trends only slightly negative or positive trends in six of eight items. This suggests that the declining trend in physical fitness in children has been slowing down. The COVID-19 pandemic affected physical fitness negatively for six items (i.e., shift at critical date: 6 min Run, Jumping Sideways, Sit-Ups, Push-Ups; negative change from pre-pandemic to pandemic trends: 20 m Sprint, Standing Long Jump). There was no evidence for pandemic changes in balancing backwards and stand-and-reach items. Effects of age, sex, and body constitution replicated previous results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuous monitoring of children's physical fitness is essential, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such monitoring identifies positive and negative trends and provides evidence for the need of strategies and actions. It is particularly important to initiate systematic initiatives during childhood to promote physical fitness and reduce deficits, as this is the time when the foundations for an active and healthy lifestyle are laid.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Supervised-concurrent Exercise During Pregnancy on Infant Neuromotor Skills: A Post-hoc Analysis Stratified by Maternal BMI.","authors":"Sandra Sanchez-Parente, Kara Kern, Alex Claiborne, Breanna Wisseman, Dylan Steen, Brittany Roenker, Ashton Lilley, Cody Strom, Edward Newton, James DeVente, Steven Mouro, David Collier, Devon Kuehn, Katrina D Dubose, George Kelley, Amy Gross McMillan, Jose Castro-Piñero, Virginia A Aparicio, Linda E May","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00886-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00886-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is a post-hoc secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial whose purpose was to analyze the effect of a supervised-combined aerobic and resistance exercise (concurrent exercise) training program during pregnancy on 1-month infant neuromotor skills based on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-four pregnant women participated in this study, which was conducted at East Carolina University (Greenville, North Carolina, USA) between 2015 and 2018, and were allocated into concurrent exercise (n = 42) or stretching and breathing group (n = 52). The exercise group followed a 50-min 3 days/week moderate intensity concurrent exercise training program from the 16th gestational week until birth. Infant neuromotor skills were assessed with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition (PDMS-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Per protocol analyses showed that infants from the exercise group and whose mothers were normal-weight, had higher PDMS-2 Stationary, Locomotion (borderline) and Gross Motor Quotient (GMQ) percentiles than infants of stretching and breathing participants (p = 0.022, ηp2 = 0.20; p = 0.054, ηp2 = 0.15; p = 0.022, ηp2 = 0.20, respectively). No differences between groups were found in infants whose mothers were normal-weight in reflexes percentiles in the adjusted model, or those infants whose mothers were overweight/obese in any of the outcomes (all p ≥ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concurrent exercise training during pregnancy improves neuromotor skills in infants at 1 month of age in normal-weight women. Further studies are needed to understand the influence of concurrent exercise training during pregnancy on infants whose mothers are overweight or obese, and the potential mechanism behind the role of maternal BMI in the development of infant neuromotor skills.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03838146.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effects of Non-concussive Head Impacts on Brain Microstructure, Chemistry and Function in Male Soccer Players: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Nathan Delang, Rebecca V Robertson, Fernando A Tinoco Mendoza, Luke A Henderson, Caroline D Rae, Stuart J McDonald, Ben Desbrow, Christopher Irwin, Aimie L Peek, Elizabeth A Cairns, Paul J Austin, Michael A Green, Nicholas W Jenneke, Jun Cao, William T O'Brien, Shane Ball, Michael E Buckland, Katherine Rae, Iain S McGregor, Danielle McCartney","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00867-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00867-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head impacts, particularly, non-concussive impacts, are common in sport. Yet, their effects on the brain remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the acute effects of non-concussive impacts on brain microstructure, chemistry, and function using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen healthy male soccer players participated in a randomised, controlled, crossover pilot trial. The intervention was a non-concussive soccer heading task ('Heading') and the control was an equivalent 'Kicking' task. Participants underwent MRI scans ~ 45 min post-task which took ~60 min to complete. Blood was also sampled, and cognitive function assessed, pre-, post-, 2.5 h post-, and 24 h post-task. Brain chemistry: Heading increased total N-acetylaspartate (p = 0.012; g = 0.66) and total creatine (p = 0.010; g = 0.77) levels in the primary motor cortex (but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) as assessed via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glutamate-glutamine, myoinositol, and total choline levels were not significantly altered in either region. Brain structure: Heading had no significant effects on diffusion weighted imaging metrics. However, two blood biomarkers expressed in brain microstructures, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light, were elevated 24 h (p = 0.014; g = 0.64) and ~ 7-days (p = 0.046; g = 1.19) post-Heading (vs. Kicking), respectively. Brain Function: Heading decreased tissue conductivity in 11 clusters located in the white matter of the frontal, occipital, temporal and parietal lobes, and cerebellum (p's < 0.001) as assessed via electrical properties tomography. However, no significant differences were identified in: (1) connectivity within major brain networks as assessed via resting-state functional MRI; (2) cerebral blood flow as assessed via pseudo continuous arterial spin labelling; (3) activity within electroencephalography frequencies (infra-slow [0.03-0.06 Hz], theta [4-8 Hz], alpha [9-12 Hz], or beta [13-25 Hz]); or (4) cognitive (memory) function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified chemical, microstructural and functional brain alterations in response to an acute non-concussive soccer heading task. These alterations appear to be subtle, with some only detected in specific regions, and no corresponding cognitive deficits observed. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that individuals should exercise caution when performing repeated non-concussive head impacts in sport. Trial registration ACTRN12621001355864. Date of registration: 7/10/2021. URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382590&isReview=true .</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Regulation by Lactate During Exercise in White Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissue: A Review.","authors":"Shouzhen Huang, Ruonan Shangguan, Siyu Chen, Xiangdeng Lai, Haijun Han, Jingquan Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00862-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00862-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactate plays a central role in controlling the utilization of energy substrates and the selection of metabolic pathways. This review aims to determine how lactate participates in energy supply and elaborate on how lactate is involved in the fat metabolism and regulation of white adipose and skeletal muscle tissues during exercise, thereby helping the human body achieve precise matching with different exercise intensities and a dynamic balance in energy supply.Numerous studies have confirmed that lactate, through multiple pathways such as the GPR81 receptor and MCT1, regulates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, adrenaline concentration, and mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant function during exercise, participating in the fatty acid metabolism process of a single bout of exercise and exhibiting different effects in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, thereby effectively regulating lipid metabolism. This regulatory process is dependent on lactate concentration and exercise duration. Furthermore, lactate plays a crucial role in the restructuring of lipid metabolism induced by long-term exercise, particularly in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue and enhancing mitochondrial function. However, the bridging role of lactate in the transition of energy supply mechanisms and its deeper mechanisms in lipid metabolism regulation remain at the forefront of metabolic scientific research. In the future, there is an urgent need to delve into the regulatory network of lactate under different exercise intensities, reveal its potential applications in the treatment of metabolic diseases, provide a theoretical basis for the development of new treatment strategies, and promote the formulation of personalized exercise prescriptions to optimize metabolic health and disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Exercise Training in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Umbrella Review.","authors":"Alba Gracia-Sánchez, Adriana López-Pineda, Rauf Nouni-García, Sara Zúnica-García, Esther Chicharro-Luna, Vicente F Gil-Guillén","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00863-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00863-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It increases the risk of foot ulceration and falls. Management typically involves preventive strategies like patient education, risk stratification, and regular foot screenings. Exercise plays a key role in enhancing glycemic control and nerve function, reducing the risk of DPN and related complications. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the impact of different exercise interventions on patients with DPN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, from the establishment of the database up to the search date (September 11, 2023). We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing exercise interventions in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and DPN. Studies were selected based on predefined PICO criteria. The methodological quality of included reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results were synthesized narratively and categorized by exercise type and health outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen reviews were included, examining the effects of various exercise interventions. Duration ranged from one week to 12 months, and studies were conducted in multiple countries. Additionally, we extracted and reanalyzed individual results from 70 primary studies included within the reviews. Some meta-analyses reported significant improvements in fasting glucose and HbA1c (n = 1), neuropathic symptoms (n = 3), physical function (n = 1), static and dynamic balance (n = 2), range of motion (n = 1), and fear of falling (n = 1). No significant effects were found for BMI, ulcer incidence, adverse events, weight-bearing activity, quality of life, or forefoot plantar pressure (n = 1). Outcome assessment tools included the Biodex system (n = 9), single-leg stance (n = 8), Berg Balance Scale (n = 11), and Timed Up and Go (n = 13) for balance; nerve conduction velocity (n = 8), MNSI (n = 6), and Total Symptom Score (n = 3) for nerve function; fasting glucose (n = 3) and HbA1c (n = 5) for glycemic control. Other outcomes included muscle strength (n = 6), functional capacity (n = 6), pain (n = 6), and quality of life (n = 6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise training appears to have potential benefits for certain aspects of DPN, neuropathic symptoms, and functional capacity. However, the effects on glycemic control, fall risk reduction, and ulcer prevention remain inconclusive, with significant variability in study outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Screening in High-Performance Athletes: A Retrospective Analysis of Asymptomatic Peripheral Lesions in Collision and Non-Collision Sports.","authors":"Nicolas Arej, Hervé Treguer, Chloé Le Cossec, Benjamin Kakona, Nicolas Mandrillon, Vivien Vasseur, Sébastien Le Garrec, Sylvain Blanchard, Sébastien Bruneau, Sophie Bonnin","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00869-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00869-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ocular trauma is a frequent concern among athletes, particularly those involved in collision sports. While overt injuries are well-documented, the prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral retinal lesions resulting from repetitive head or ocular trauma remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these retinal lesions in elite athletes and to evaluate the potential risk associated with participation in collision sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A monocentric retrospective study was conducted at the Rothschild Foundation Hospital (Paris, France), involving 88 professional athletes with an average age of 26 years, predominantly male (80%). All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmological screening, including fundus examination and ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal imaging of both eyes. Athletes were categorized based on their sport type: collision sports (62%, primarily rugby) and non-collision sports. The efficacy of UWF imaging was compared to dilated fundus examination for detecting peripheral retinal lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peripheral retinal lesions were significantly more prevalent in collision sport athletes: 40.5% [30.0-51.0%] for rugby, 40.0% [9.6-70.4%] for boxing and 12.5% [0.0-28.7%] for judo, compared to non-collision sport athletes (6.1% [3.0-11.8%]). The diagnostic sensitivity of UWF imaging was relatively low at 45.2% [34.1-56.2%], though it showed high specificity at 93.6% [88.2-99.0%] when compared to dilated fundus examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights a higher prevalence of peripheral retinal lesions in elite athletes engaged in collision sports. These findings emphasize the need for regular ophthalmological evaluations in this population to mitigate potential risks associated with asymptomatic retinal damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlaps of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Skeletal Muscle Damage: The Muscle Injury Continuum.","authors":"Carsten Schwiete, Christian Roth, Joachim Mester, Holger Broich, Michael Behringer","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00876-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00876-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscle fatigue has long been identified as a potential risk factor for muscle overuse injuries, frequently occurring due to rapid eccentric contractions. Traditionally, muscle fatigue was thought to arise mainly to metabolic stress, whereas muscle damage was considered a consequence of mechanical overload. However, this binary approach fails to capture the complex physiological mechanisms, including prolonged-force depression, enzyme leakage or inflammatory responses, which overlap between both entities.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>This narrative review synthesizes evidence regarding physiological and mechanical overlaps between muscle fatigue and muscle damage. It elaborates on the concept of a muscle injury continuum, including forms of muscle fatigue, possibly leading to mechanical tissue damage, and potentially culminating in severe muscle injuries. Additionally, the relevance of the overlaps for load monitoring and injury prevention in professional sports are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding and recognizing the interplay between muscle fatigue and muscle damage is crucial for developing individualized prevention strategies, minimizing injury risk, and enhancing performance. This comprehensive approach is vital for improving load management and ensuring the long-term health and efficiency of athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acute Coordinative vs. Endurance Exercise on Cortisol Concentration in Healthy Women and Men.","authors":"Henning Budde, Mirko Wegner, Christiane Ahrens, Bruna Velasques, Pedro Ribeiro, Sergio Machado, Thomas Gronwald, Sandra Amatriain-Fernández, Marcelle Schaffarczyk, Anett Mueller-Alcazar","doi":"10.1186/s40798-025-00884-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-025-00884-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical exercise can cause neuroendocrine activation, which increases salivary cortisol concentrations. Until now there have been no studies comparing the acute effects of endurance and coordinative exercise on cortisol.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effects of an acute bout of endurance vs. coordinative exercise with the same intensity and duration with an intraindividual comparison.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>61 female and male students between 18 and 30 years completed an acute coordinative exercise (Co) and one week later an endurance exercise (En) of the same exercise intensity, which was self-set on the first day, with a heart rate of between 64-76% of maximum over a period of 15 min. To measure changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, saliva samples were collected before (t0 and after exercise (t1: 5 min, t2: 30 min).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline values of cortisol (t0) did not differ significantly (t(55) = .233, p = .816). Analysis of variance revealed main effects for type of exercise (F (1) = 5.587, p = .022, η² = .092) and measurement point (F (2) = 22.472, p < .001, η² = .290) as well as an interaction effect of the two factors (F (2, 110) = 4.322, p = .016, η² = .073). Post hoc tests indicated that in the Co group the cortisol t2 values differed significantly from t0 to t1. In the En group, however, t1 differed significantly from t0 to t2. Moreover, cortisol levels differed significantly between Co and En at t2 (t(55) = 3.661, p = .004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For the first time we showed that Co produced a higher cortisol release than En of the same exercise intensity and duration. Interventions such as Co require higher cognitive engagement resulting in higher cortisol than En.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>DRKS, Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien. Registered 20 July 2020, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00016590 .</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"11 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}