Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Different Loading Programs on Finger Strength in Rock Climbers.","authors":"Natalie K Gilmore, Peter Klimek, Emil Abrahamsson, Keith Baar","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00793-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00793-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climbing places high loads through the hands and fingers, and climbers may benefit from specific finger strength training (hangboarding) protocols. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 10-minute low intensity hangboard finger strengthening protocol (\"Abrahangs\"), compared with the generally accepted Max Hangs protocol for training maximal grip strength.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated the change in grip strength and Strength: Weight following Max Hangs, Abrahangs, or the two protocols performed concurrently in rock climbers who used the Crimpd app to log their training. Users who had completed two finger strength tests within a 4-16-week period were included. Climbers were grouped by the number of training sessions into: \"Climbing Only\", \"Abrahangs Only\", \"Max Hangs Only\" and \"Both\" Max Hangs and Abrahangs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frequent low intensity finger loading was as effective at improving grip strength in climbers as training with maximal loads. Additionally, combining low intensity and maximal load training resulted in additive strength gains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that low-intensity long duration holds provide a promising training paradigm for training finger strength that is gentle enough to incorporate into existing training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Leveraging Machine Learning in Sport Science in the Hypothetico-deductive Framework.","authors":"Jordan Rodu, Alexandra F DeJong Lempke, Natalie Kupperman, Jay Hertel","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00788-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00788-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supervised machine learning (ML) offers an exciting suite of algorithms that could benefit research in sport science. In principle, supervised ML approaches were designed for pure prediction, as opposed to explanation, leading to a rise in powerful, but opaque, algorithms. Recently, two subdomains of ML-explainable ML, which allows us to \"peek into the black box,\" and interpretable ML, which encourages using algorithms that are inherently interpretable-have grown in popularity. The increased transparency of these powerful ML algorithms may provide considerable support for the hypothetico-deductive framework, in which hypotheses are generated from prior beliefs and theory, and are assessed against data collected specifically to test that hypothesis. However, this paper shows why ML algorithms are fundamentally different from statistical methods, even when using explainable or interpretable approaches. Translating potential insights from supervised ML algorithms, while in many cases seemingly straightforward, can have unanticipated challenges. While supervised ML cannot be used to replace statistical methods, we propose ways in which the sport sciences community can take advantage of supervised ML in the hypothetico-deductive framework. In this manuscript we argue that supervised machine learning can and should augment our exploratory investigations in sport science, but that leveraging potential insights from supervised ML algorithms should be undertaken with caution. We justify our position through a careful examination of supervised machine learning, and provide a useful analogy to help elucidate our findings. Three case studies are provided to demonstrate how supervised machine learning can be integrated into exploratory analysis. Supervised machine learning should be integrated into the scientific workflow with requisite caution. The approaches described in this paper provide ways to safely leverage the strengths of machine learning-like the flexibility ML algorithms can provide for fitting complex patterns-while avoiding potential pitfalls-at best, like wasted effort and money, and at worst, like misguided clinical recommendations-that may arise when trying to integrate findings from ML algorithms into domain knowledge. KEY POINTS: Some supervised machine learning algorithms and statistical models are used to solve the same problem, y = f(x) + ε, but differ fundamentally in motivation and approach. The hypothetico-deductive framework-in which hypotheses are generated from prior beliefs and theory, and are assessed against data collected specifically to test that hypothesis-is one of the core frameworks comprising the scientific method. In the hypothetico-deductive framework, supervised machine learning can be used in an exploratory capacity. However, it cannot replace the use of statistical methods, even as explainable and interpretable machine learning methods become increasingly popular. Improper use of supervised machine learning in ","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Population-General and Sport-Specific Correlates of Disordered Eating Amongst Elite Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Scott J Fatt, Emma George, Phillipa Hay, Nikki Jeacocke, Deborah Mitchison","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00791-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00791-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders amongst elite athletes, it remains unclear whether risk factors and psychological processes align with those in the general population or if there are unique sport-factors associated with heightened risk. This cross-sectional study investigated if sport-specific factors (including pressures and psychological processes) explained additional variance in elite athletes' disordered eating symptoms, controlling for established population-general risk factors. Current elite athletes (N = 178, 72.4% female, mean age = 23.9, standard deviation age = 7.0) completed online surveys assessing disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, perfectionistic traits, population-general and sport-specific pressures, as well as general (thin-ideal, muscular-ideal) and athlete-specific (drive for leanness for performance, athletic identity) psychological processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Disordered eating was highly prevalent, with 78.2% of athletes reporting at least moderate risk, 46.4% at least high risk, and 20.6% very high risk. Controlling for demographic covariates and population-general pressures, sport-specific pressures explained significant additional variance (13.5%) in disordered eating. Even when controlling for perfectionistic traits, greater weight pressures in sport (β = .35) was uniquely associated with greater disordered eating. In a separate multivariate analysis controlling for covariates and general psychological processes, athlete-specific psychological processes explained significant additional variance (15.5%) in disordered eating. Even when controlling for body dissatisfaction, greater drive for leanness for performance (β = .17) and athletic identity (β = .13) were uniquely associated with greater disordered eating.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support evidence that elite athletes may experience dual pressures and psychological processes associated with disordered eating: those congruent with appearance-oriented models and others independent of appearance. This duality should be considered in the modification of interventions for disordered eating in elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>1. Disordered eating was highly prevalent in a sample of 178 elite adult athletes, with 78.2% reporting at least moderate risk for having related symptoms or behaviours. 2. Greater weight pressures in sport was significantly associated with greater disordered eating, even when controlling for demographic covariates and population-general appearance-related pressures from family and the media. 3. Both appearance-based (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction) and non-appearance (drive for leanness for performance, athletic identity) psychological processes were uniquely associated with greater disordered eating.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported Health Problems of Professional Dancers from Five German Opera Houses or State Theatres: A Prospective Study with Weekly Follow-ups during One Season.","authors":"Astrid Junge, Rogier M van Rijn, Janine H Stubbe, Anja Hauschild","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00782-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00782-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most studies on injuries of professional dancers used a medical-attention and/or time-loss definition and did not analyse all health problems. Further, almost all studies included just one company. The aim was to analyse all self-reported health problems of professional ballet and contemporary dancers during one season and compare sexes and five companies in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dancers of five professional companies completed weekly health questionnaires during the season (September 2022 to June 2023). Numerical rating scales were used for severity of all health problems, musculoskeletal pain, impairment of the ability to dance at full potential, physical and mental workload in the previous seven days. If the severity of all health problems were rated greater than \"0\", the dancers were asked to report the type and consequences of their most severe health problem.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 43 weeks, 98 dancers (39.8% male) completed 3123 weekly reports (response rate 74.1%). The season prevalence of any health problem was 100% and of time-loss health problems 74.5%. The average weekly prevalence of any health problem was 62.7%, of musculoskeletal pain 83.4% and of impaired ability to dance at full potential, due to health problem 48.6%. While the season prevalence and type of health problems was similar between sexes, the average weekly prevalence of severe health problems was higher in female than in male dancers (Chi² = 23.2; p < .001), and female dancers saw a qualified health professional more often than male dancers (Chi² = 19.5; p < .001). Companies differed in almost all investigated variables, with more health problems in companies where more dancers rated their workload higher than \"ideal\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health problems are frequent in professional dancers and affect their ability to dance. Future studies should analyse the impact of physical and mental workload on health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Specific Strength Training on Throwing Velocity in Overarm Throwing: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Andrea Bao Fredriksen, Roland van den Tillaar","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00785-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00785-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Throwing velocity is an important research topic in sports science, and it is an essential performance variable for athletes in overarm-throwing sports like baseball, team handball, water polo, softball, and cricket. The aim of the present review was to investigate the effect of specific strength training on throwing velocity for overarm throws.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature was analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses, searching in SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE. Seventeen studies were included in this review, and the training studies were divided into four categories: (a) overweight and underweight balls, (b) forearm loading, (c) pulley device training, and (d) strength training with a resistance band.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All strength training studies with resistance band and the forearm loading categories increased the throwing velocity, varying from 3.7 to 26%. However, only half of these studies found that training was associated with a significantly higher increase versus the control group. Findings were inconsistent in other categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings of the present review, no clear conclusion can be made on which of the specific strength training methods is best for increasing throwing velocity. However, some recommendations can be offered. Firstly, the throwing training period should be long enough (≥ 6 weeks) with a high enough workload. Throwing training with a resistance band increases throwing velocity significantly for junior and less experienced overarm-throwing athletes. Furthermore, throwing with underweighted balls of similar size will ensure a positive effect on throwing velocity. Also, throwing training with combined over- and underweighted balls can be used if the overweighted balls are carefully selected to ensure there is no negative impact on throwing kinematics and injuries. For the other categories, the results were conflicting. Furthermore, due to the low number of studies in the pulley device and forearm loading categories, more studies should be conducted to investigate their effects on throwing velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11550301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morning versus Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Responses to Intensified Training in Recreational Runners.","authors":"Olli-Pekka Nuuttila, Heikki Kyröläinen, Veli-Pekka Kokkonen, Arja Uusitalo","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00779-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00779-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) are widely used parameters to assess cardiac autonomic nervous system function noninvasively. While resting assessments can be performed during sleep or after awakening, it would be relevant to know how interchangeable the results of these measurements are. This study aimed at examining the alignment between nocturnal and morning assessments during regular endurance training and in response to intensive training. A total of 24 recreational runners performed a 3-week baseline period (BL) and a 2-week overload (OL) period (Lucia's training impulse + 80%). Their running performance was assessed with a 3000-m running test after the BL and OL. The participants recorded daily their nocturnal HR and HRV (the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences; LnRMSSD) with a photoplethysmography-based wrist device and performed an orthostatic test (2-min supine, 2-min standing) every morning with a chest-strap HR sensor. The HR and LnRMSSD segments that were analyzed from the nocturnal recordings included start value (SleepStart), end value (SleepEnd), first 4-h segment 30 min after detected sleep onset (Sleep4h), and full sleep time (SleepFull). The morning segments consisted of the last-minute average in both body positions. All segments were compared at BL and in response to the 3000-m test and OL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All nocturnal HR and LnRMSSD segments correlated with supine and standing segments at BL (r = 0.42 to 0.91, p < 0.05). After the 3000-m test, the HR increased and LnRMSSD decreased only in the SleepStart, Sleep4h, and SleepFull segments (p < 0.05). In response to the OL, the standing HR decreased (p < 0.01), while the LnRMSSD increased (p < 0.05) in all segments except for SleepStart. The Pearson correlations between relative changes in nocturnal and morning segments were - 0.11 to 0.72 (3000-m) and - 0.25 to 0.79 (OL). The OL response in Sleep4h HR and LnRMSSD correlated with the relative change in 3000-m time (r = 0.63, p = 0.001 and r=-0.50, p = 0.013, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nocturnal and morning HR and LnRMSSD correlated moderately or highly in the majority of cases during the BL, but their responses to intensive training were not similarly aligned, especially in LnRMSSD. The nocturnal segments seemed to be sensitive to physical loading, and their responses were associated with the performance-related training responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Achilles Tendon Injury Prevention in Athletes with Structural MRI Biomarkers: A Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Norbert Kapinski, Karol Jaskulski, Justyna Witkowska, Adam Kozlowski, Pawel Adamczyk, Bartosz Wysoczanski, Agnieszka Zdrodowska, Adam Niemaszyk, Beata Ciszkowska-Lyson, Michal Starczewski","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00786-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00786-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have proven their effectiveness in orthopaedic settings, especially in tasks like medical image analysis. This study compares human musculoskeletal radiologists to artificial intelligence in a novel, detailed, short, and cost-effective examination of Achilles tendon magnetic resonance images to uncover potential disparities in their reasoning approaches. Aiming to identify relationships between the structured assessment of the Achilles tendon and its function that could support injury prevention. We examined 72 athletes to investigate the link between Achilles tendon structure, as visualised in magnetic resonance images using a precise T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence with very short echo times, and its functional attributes. The acquired data were analysed using advanced artificial intelligence techniques and reviewed by radiologists. Additionally, we conducted statistical assessments to explore relationships with functional studies in four meaningful groups: dynamic strength, range of motion, muscle torque and stabilography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show notable linear or non-linear relationships between functional indicators and structural alterations (maximal obtained Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.3 to 0.36 for radiological assessment and from 0.33 to 0.49 for artificial intelligence assessment, while maximal normalised mutual information ranged from 0.52 to 0.57 for radiological assessment and from 0.42 to 0.6 for artificial intelligence assessment). Moreover, when artificial intelligence-based magnetic resonance assessment was utilised as an input, the associations consistently proved more robust, or the count of significant relationships surpassed that derived from radiological assessment. Ultimately, utilising only structural parameters as inputs enabled us to explain up to 59% of the variance within specific functional groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This analysis revealed that structural parameters influence four key functional aspects related to the Achilles tendon. Furthermore, we found that relying solely on subjective radiologist opinions limited our ability to reason effectively, in contrast to the structured artificial intelligence assessment.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Structure and Function of Elite Australian Jockeys Compared to the General Population: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Angela Farley, Hunter Bennett, Roger Eston, Rebecca Perry","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00783-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00783-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research highlights the intense physiological demands of thoroughbred racing on jockeys, with elevated heart rates and substantial oxygen uptake, confirming the rigorous physical nature of the sport, however, the cardiovascular changes resulting from the physical demands of thoroughbred racing remain unexplored in Australian jockeys. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare measures of cardiac structure and function of professional Australian jockeys to that of the general population and to determine if there are differences in heart structure and function detected using echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six jockeys and thirty-three participants from the general population underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, which included all standard views and measurements. Each measurement was compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Groups were matched for age (jockeys (35 ± 12 years) and controls (36 ± 13 years)). Jockeys were shorter (1.64 ± 0.07 m vs. 1.75 ± 0.09 m, p < 0.001), lighter (56.5 ± 6.0 kg vs. 74.2 ± 12.9 kg, p < 0.001) and had a lower body surface area (BSA) (1.55 ± 0.17 m² vs.1.9 ± 0.2 m², p < 0.001). Jockeys had a larger absolute left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume than the control group (120 ± 18.2 ml vs. 109.3 ± 29.0 ml, p = 0.05) which had a larger variation when indexed for BSA (78.0 ± 12.2 ml/m² vs. 57.5 ± 13.3 ml/m², p < 0.001). Jockeys demonstrated a higher LV mass index (79.4 ± 18.1 g/m² vs. 64.2 ± 15.4 g/m², p < 0.001). Left atrial volume index was larger in jockeys (33.4 ± 6.5 mL/m² vs. 26.3 ± 7.0 mL/m², p < 0.001). There were no differences in global longitudinal strain (GLS) for either group overall (-19.3 ± 3.0% vs. -19.8 ± 1.6%, p = 0.52), but 17% of the jockey group demonstrated an abnormal GLS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Jockeys have adaptations to their cardiac structure and function compared to the general population. Differences could be attributed to chronic physiological demands of racing and should be considered in future research involving jockeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Testosterone Concentration in Individuals Who are Obese or Have Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rhiannon Healy, Rhiannon Patten, Carlie Bauer, Mary N Woessner, Matthew Bourke, Mathis Grossmann, Itamar Levinger","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00781-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00781-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with alterations in testosterone concentrations. While evidence indicates that aerobic training can influence testosterone in healthy populations or females with hyperandrogenism, its impact in individuals with obesity or T2D remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic training can influence circulating testosterone concentrations in individuals with obesity or T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EBSCOhost (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus), PubMed and Embase were searched for articles published until August 2023. Eligible articles included individuals with obesity or T2D that underwent an aerobic exercise intervention with testosterone concentrations measured at baseline and post intervention. Two reviewers independently screened the seven articles included in this meta-analysis and conducted data extraction and risk of bias assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 103 participants (62 men / 41 women) from three randomised controlled trials and four non-randomised controlled trials were included. Effect sizes were computed with random effects models. Aerobic exercise moderately increased testosterone concentrations in men (g = 0.565, 95% CI = 0.307 to 0.822, p < 0.001), but had no significant effect in women (g = -0.523, 95% CI = -1.541, 0.496, p = 0.314). Aerobic exercise had no significant effect on sex hormone-binding globulin or markers of insulin sensitivity (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aerobic training may be used to increase testosterone concentrations in men with obesity or T2D, but potentially has no influence in women. Given the low number of studies, further studies investigating the effect of exercise on circulating sex hormones in men and women with obesity or T2D are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between leisure-time physical activity and incident cancer risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study.","authors":"Yun-Ju Lai, Chun-Chieh Wang, Yu-Kai Lin, Mei-Ju Chen, Yi-Sheng Chou, Chu-Chieh Chen, Chieh-Yu Liu, Shang-Jung Wu, Li-Fei Hsu, Jia-Hua Li, Yung-Feng Yen","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00780-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00780-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of physical activity on the development of different types of cancers have not been comprehensively studied. This nationwide, population-based cohort study investigated the effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on the development of different types of cancer in Taiwanese adults. A total of 67,890 adult participants (≥ 18 y old) from five rounds (2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017) of the Taiwan National Health Interview Survey were included. LTPA was measured as the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) expenditure per week and was classified as inactive (< 1 MET-h), low (1-7.49 MET-h), or high (≥ 7.5 MET-h). The LTPA and other covariates were collected through in-person interviews at baseline. New-onset cancer was ascertained from histopathological reports. The Fine-Gray sub-distribution method, with death as a competing risk, was used to determine the impact of LTPA on incident cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 844,337 person-years of follow-up, 4,435 individuals developed cancer. Compared to inactive adults, individuals engaging in high levels of LTPA (≥ 7.5 MET-h/week) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-0.99). However, those with low levels of LTPA (1-7.49 MET-h/week) did not exhibit a significant association with a reduced risk of developing cancer (aHR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.92-1.10). When considering specific types of cancers, participants with high levels of LTPA (≥ 7.5 MET-h/week) had a significantly lower risk of developing bladder cancer (aHR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.47-0.99), cervical cancer (aHR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.24-0.95), and thyroid cancer (aHR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44-0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that high LTPA (≥ 7.5 MET-h/week) is significantly associated with a low risk of incident bladder, cervical, and thyroid cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}