Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Interplay of Muscle Architecture, Morphology, and Quality in Influencing Human Sprint Cycling Performance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Saul Martin-Rodriguez, Juan J Gonzalez-Henriquez, Iker J Bautista, Jose A L Calbet, Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00752-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00752-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review aimed to discern the relationships between muscle morphology, architecture, and quality with sprint cycling performance while considering the multifaceted nature of these relationships across diverse studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing the PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search was performed across four primary databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and SPORTDiscus. The Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Out of 3971 initially identified records, only 10 studies met the eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These investigations underscored the robust relationship of quadriceps muscle volume with peak power output (R² from 0.65 to 0.82), suggesting its pivotal role in force production. In muscle architecture, the pennation angle and fascicle length showed varied associations with performance. Furthermore, muscle quality, as denoted by echo intensity, showed preliminary evidence of a potential inverse relationship with performance. The methodological quality assessment revealed varied scores, with the most consistent reporting on the aim, endpoints, and inclusion of consecutive patients. However, limitations were observed in the prospective calculation of study size and unbiased assessment of study endpoints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that muscle volume is a major determinant of sprint cycling performance. Muscle architecture and quality also impact performance, although in a more intricate way. The review calls for standardised methodologies in future research for a more comprehensive understanding and comparability of results.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023432824 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=432824 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Essential and Optimal Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Medicines for Athletes at the Olympic Games.","authors":"Mark Stuart, Mohammed Farooq, Trudy Thomas, Nada Mohamed-Ali, Mohammed Al-Maadheed, Vidya Mohamed-Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00743-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00743-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2019, the International Olympic Committee published the first Olympic and Paralympic Model Formulary (OPF), which defined the standardised set of medications required at every Olympic and Paralympic Games for the treatment of athletes. This study aimed to test the OPF to determine whether it meets the clinical needs of the athlete population with respect to medications used for pain and/or inflammation (PI), and to present a revised set of essential PI medications for the OPF based on prevalence of athlete use. Medication-use data of athletes at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic Games (n = 6155) from three sources were used to establish prevalence of PI medicine use and to revise the OPF: (i) doping control forms, (ii) pharmacy dispensing reports, and (iii) injection declaration forms. This revised list was further validated through (iv) medication importation declarations by teams (n = 156), and (v) survey of team physicians (n = 382).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall prevalence of PI medication use was 36.7%, with higher use by female athletes (female: 44.1%; male: 30.0%; p < 0.001), with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most used class (27%). Use of medications with safety risks were identified, including nimesulide, piroxicam and metamizole. A revised list of 48 PI medications was recommended for the OPF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research led to a revised set of essential medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation to be available for athletes at the Olympic Games, which would lead to a 7% improvement in the numbers of athletes who could have their exact PI medication requirements met by the OPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Problems of Professional Ballet Dancers: an Analysis of 1627 Weekly Self-Reports on Injuries, Illnesses and Mental Health Problems During One Season.","authors":"Astrid Junge, Anja Hauschild, Janine H Stubbe, Rogier M van Rijn","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00753-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00753-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have investigated injuries of (pre-)professional ballet dancers, however most used a medical-attention and/or time-loss definition and did not analyse the prevalence of all health problems. The aim was to analyse the frequency and characteristics of all self-reported physical and mental health complaints (i.e. injuries, illnesses and mental health problems) of professional ballet dancers during one season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three professional ballet companies were prospectively monitored weekly during one season with the Performing artist and Athlete Health Monitor (PAHM). Numerical rating scales (ranging 0-10) were used for severity of musculoskeletal pain, all health problems and impairment of the ability to dance at full potential in the previous seven days. If dancers rated the severity of their health problems or their impairment greater than 0, they were asked to answer specific questions on the characteristics of each health problem.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a period of 44 weeks, 57 dancers (57.9% female) filled in 1627 weekly reports (response rate of 64.9%), in which 1020 (62.7%) health problem were registered. The dancers reported musculoskeletal pain in 82.2% of the weeks. They felt that their ability to dance at their full potential was affected due to a health problem in about every second week (52.6%) or on at least 29.1% of the days documented in the weekly reports. Almost all dancers (96.5%) reported at least one injury, almost two thirds (64.9%) an illness and more than a quarter (28.1%) a mental health problem. On average, every dancer reported 5.6 health problems during the season. Most of the 320 health problems were injuries (73.1%), 16.9% illnesses and 10.0% mental health problems. Injuries affected mainly ankle, thigh, foot, and lower back and were mostly incurred during rehearsal (41.6%) or training (26.1%). The most frequent subjective reasons of injury were \"too much workload\" (35.3%), \"tiredness/exhaustion\" (n = 22.4%) and \"stress/overload/insufficient regeneration\" (n = 21.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preventive interventions are urgently required to reduce the prevalence of health problems and especially injuries of professional dancers. Injury prevention measures should regard the balance of the load capacity of professional dancers and the workload in training, rehearsals and performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11254869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Oxygen Uptake is Slope Dependent: Insights from Ground Reaction Forces and Muscle Oxygenation in Trained Male Runners.","authors":"Marcel Lemire, Frédéric Meyer, Rosalie Triguera, Fabrice Favret, Grégoire P Millet, Stéphane P Dufour","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00746-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00746-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to explore the effect of treadmill slope on ground reaction forces and local muscle oxygenation as putative limiting factors of peak oxygen uptake in graded maximal incremental running tests. Thirteen trained male runners completed five maximal incremental running tests on treadmill at - 15%, - 7.5%, 0%, 7.5% and 15% slopes while cardiorespiratory and local muscle oxygenation responses as well as ground reaction forces were continuously recorded. Blood lactate concentration and isometric knee extensor torque were measured before and after each test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak oxygen uptake was lower at - 15% slope compared to all other conditions (from - 10 to - 17% lower, p < 0.001), with no difference between - 7.5 and + 15% slope. Maximal heart rate and ventilation values were reached in all conditions. The negative external mechanical work increased from steep uphill to steep downhill slopes (from 6 to 92% of total external work) but was not correlated with the peak oxygen uptake reduction. Local muscle oxygenation remained higher in - 15% slope compared to level running (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Similar peak oxygen uptake can be reached in downhill running up to - 7.5% slope. At more severe downhill slopes (i.e., - 15%), greater negative muscle work and limited local muscle deoxygenation occurred, even in subjects familiarized to downhill running, presumably preventing the achievement of similar to other condition's peak oxygen uptake.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Trained male runners can reach like level running V̇O_2peak at moderate but not at severe negative slope. Negative external mechanical work increases with increasing negative slope. At maximal intensity Vastus Lateralis muscle oxygenation is higher in steep negative slope. Knee extensor isometric muscle torque is preserved after maximal level and uphill running, but reduced after downhill running, despite lower blood lactate. Progressive reduction of V̇O₂ at maximal effort with increasing negative slope might be related to the metabolic consequences of increased lower limb negative external work (i.e., eccentric muscle actions).</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mitoquinone (MitoQ) Supplementation on Aerobic Exercise Performance and Oxidative Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Rafael A Casuso","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00741-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00741-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contracting skeletal muscle produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources. The use of non-specific antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, during exercise has produced inconsistent results in terms of exercise performance. Consequently, the effects of the mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q10, named Mitoquinone (MitoQ) on exercise responses are currently under investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize research assessing the impact of MitoQ on aerobic endurance performance and exercise-induced oxidative damage. PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were used to select articles from inception to January 16th of 2024. Inclusion criteria were MitoQ supplementation must be compared with a placebo group, showing acute exercise responses in both; for crossover designs, at least 14 d of washout was needed, and exercise training can be concomitant to MitoQ or placebo supplementation if the study meets the other inclusion criteria points. The risk of bias was evaluated through the Critical Appraisal Checklist (JBI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified eight studies encompassing a total sample size of 188 subjects. Our findings indicate that MitoQ supplementation effectively reduces exercise-induced oxidative damage (SMD: -1.33; 95% CI: -2.24 to -0.43). Furthermore, our findings indicate that acute and/or chronic MitoQ supplementation does not improve endurance exercise performance (SMD: -0.50; 95% CI: -1.39 to 0.40) despite reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress. Notably, our sensitivity analysis reveals that MitoQ may benefit subjects with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in improving exercise tolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While MitoQ effectively reduces exercise-induced oxidative damage, no evidence suggests that aerobic exercise performance is enhanced by either acute or chronic MitoQ supplementation. However, acute MitoQ supplementation may improve exercise tolerance in subjects with PAD. Future research should investigate whether MitoQ supplementation concurrent with exercise training (e.g., 4-16 weeks) alters adaptations induced by exercise alone and using different doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Preseason Neuromuscular Training Program vs. an Endurance-Dominated Program on Physical Fitness and Injury Prevention in Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Ali Belamjahad, Claire Tourny, Nidhal Jebabli, Cain C T Clark, Ismail Laher, Anthony C Hackney, Urs Granacher, Hassane Zouhal","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00731-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00731-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pre-season preparatory period is considered key for optimizing the physical fitness levels needed to withstand congested match periods and preventing injuries during the regular soccer season. This study contrasted the effects s of neuromuscular training (NMT) versus an endurance-dominated training (ET) program conducted during the preseason on measures of physical fitness and injury occurrence in female soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four female soccer players aged 17.0 ± 1.3 years from a professional soccer club participated in this study. Players were randomly assigned to NMT (n = 12) or ET (n = 12) groups according to their playing position. The preseason intervention program lasted six weeks, with three weekly sessions with a duration of 45-60 min per session. Exercises in the NMT group included muscle strengthening exercises, plyometrics, agility and dynamic stability exercises, while the ET group practiced a traditional pre-season training program consisting of running and sprinting exercises, fartlek, and high-intensity interval training. The training volumes were similar in the two study groups. Anthropometric measurements, physical fitness tests (i.e., linear and change-of-direction speed, muscle strength and power tests) and the overall injury rate per 1000 h of exposure (training, match) were recorded throughout the season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No between group differences were found at pre (T1). Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for the 5, 10, and 30-m linear sprint speed tests (p < 0.001, 2.16 < d < 2.58), the T-test (p = 0.024, d = 1.03), the squat (p < 0.001, d = 4.04), and the countermovement jump test (p < 0.001, d = 2.21), the Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT) (p = 0.019, d = 1.08), and the 1-RM back squat test (p < 0.001, d = 2.53). Post-hoc tests indicated that NMT provided larger improvements for SJ, CMJ, 1-RM back squat, the 5-m sprint, 10-m sprint, 30-m sprint, T-test and LSPT compared to ET (1.07 > d > 2.77). The injury rate across the season was significantly lower in the NMT (5.1/1000 h exposure) compared to ET (11.8/1000 h exposure) (p = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings support that six-weeks of preseason NMT versus ET induced larger performance improvements, and significantly reduced injury occurrence in elite female soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Non-Contact Muscle Injuries in the Italian Male Elite Under-19 Football (Soccer) Championship.","authors":"Massimo Magistrali, Luca Stefanini, Michele Abate, Giulio Biancalana, Andrea Stegagno, Paolo Cugia, Piero Candoli, Giuseppe Anania, Pier Luigi Lucchese, Diego Gaddi, Piero Volpi, Francesco Mariani, Lorenzo Boldrini, Nicola Filippi, Annunziata Cerrone, Cristiano Sirtori, Paolo Battaglino, Guido Bravin, Emilio Del Fabro, Mattia Berti, Eugenio Vecchini, Marco A Minetto","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00738-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00738-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While extensive research exists on muscle injuries among adult football players, a notable gap persists in studies concerning younger footballers. The aim of the current study is to provide epidemiological data on the characteristics of time-loss muscle injuries in young football players participating in the Italian Under-19 male elite Championship (\"Primavera 1\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conducted as a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study, this research gathered injury data from the 2022-23 season across 14 of the 18 Clubs in the first Italian Under-19 championship. The cohort comprised 391 players with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 18.0 ± 0.4 years. A total of 479 injuries were reported, resulting in 14,231 days of activity lost. Of these, muscle injuries were 209 (44%), accounting for 4,519 (32%) days lost. Overall muscle injuries incidence was 1.82/1000 hours, with a mean injury burden of 39.4 days lost/1000 hours. Almost all muscle injuries (206 out of 209: 98.5%) occurred in hamstrings, quadriceps, adductors, calf and iliopsoas. Hamstrings injuries were the most burdensome (18.8 days lost/1000 hours) accounting for nearly half of all days lost due to muscle injuries. Incidence and burden of adductors injuries (0.25 injuries and 4.1 days lost/1000 hours, respectively) were found to be comparable to calf injuries (0.24 injuries and 4.7 days lost/1000 hours, respectively). Iliopsoas injuries accounted for a noteworthy portion of the total, with an injury incidence of 0.16/1000 hours and a burden of 3.3 days lost/1000 hours. Injuries with myo-tendinous or myo-aponeurotic involvement demonstrated delayed return-to-football compared to those without such involvement (35.6 vs. 18.5 days, p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlighted a peculiar distribution of non-contact muscle injuries among elite young football players. While hamstring injuries were confirmed as the most burdensome, incidence and burden of adductors and calf injuries were found to be similar. A significant incidence and burden of iliopsoas injuries were observed. These findings suggest potential implementations for targeted injury prevention strategies in the Italian male elite Under-19 football Championship.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11190129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of the 6-Minute Walk Test for Assessing Functional Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Other Chronic Cardiac Pathologies: Results of the ExIC-FEp Trial and a Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Iván Cavero-Redondo, Alicia Saz-Lara, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Laura Núñez-Martínez, Valentina Díaz-Goñi, Ismael Calero-Paniagua, Irene Matínez-García, Carlos Pascual-Morena","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00740-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00740-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart diseases, particularly heart failure, significantly impact patient quality of life and mortality rates. Functional capacity assessment is vital for predicting prognosis and risk in these patients. While the cardiopulmonary exercise test is considered the gold standard, the 6-minute walk test has emerged as a more accessible alternative. However, the screening accuracy and optimal cut-off points of the 6-minute walk test for detecting severely reduced functional capacity in cardiac pathologies, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, are unclear. The study aimed to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of the 6-minute walk test for detecting reduced functional capacity, defined as VO_2max < 14 ml/kg/min, compared with the cardiopulmonary exercise test in participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using data from the \"Ejercicio en Insuficiencia Cardiaca con Fracción de Eyección Preservada\" (ExIC-FEp) trial; and to compare these results with previous studies investigating the screening accuracy for assessing functional capacity of the 6-minute walk test in participants with other chronic cardiac pathologies through a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ExIC-FEp trial involved 22 participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, who were not treated with beta-blockers, using the cardiopulmonary exercise test, specifically VO_2max, as the reference test. The 6-minute walk test had a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 80%, and an area under the curve of 76% in the ExIC-FEp trial. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis showing a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 78%, and an area under the curve of 85%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the 6-minute walk test holds promise as a screening tool for assessing functional capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and chronic heart diseases, with a VO_2max < 14 ml/kg/min as a reference point. It demonstrates moderate to good screening accuracy. However, the screening accuracy and optimal cut-off points of the 6-minute walk test for detecting severely reduced functional capacity, regardless of aetiology, are unclear.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05726474. Registered 16 February 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05726474 .</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11183033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expertise and Deceptive Movements in Sport.","authors":"Ryan Raffan, David Mann, Geert Savelsbergh","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00730-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00730-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deceptive movements occur when an actor seeks to fake, hide or delay kinematic information about their true movement outcomes. The purpose of deceptive movements is to impair the perception of opponents (the 'observer') to gain an advantage over them. We argue though that a lack of conceptual clarity has led to confusion about what deception is and in understanding the different approaches by which an actor can deceive their opponent. The aim of this article is to outline a conceptual framework for understanding deceptive movements in sport.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>Adopting Interpersonal Deception Theory from the field of communication, we define deception as when an actor deliberately alters their actions in an attempt to impair the ability of an observer to anticipate their true action outcomes. Further, deception can be achieved either by what we define as deceit, the act of providing false information, or disguise, the act of concealing the action outcome. Skilled athletes often have actions that are difficult to anticipate, but an action is only classified as containing deception if the actor has explicit intent to deceive an observer. Having outlined the conceptual framework, we then review existing empirical findings on the skilled perception of deceptive movements considering the framework. This approach includes a critical evaluation of the mechanisms known to facilitate the perceptual ability to prevent being deceived, including a consideration of visual search strategies, confidence, the contribution of visual and motor experiences, and the influence of response biases and action capabilities on perceptual performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distinction between deceit and disguise particularly helps to show that most research has examined deceit, with little known about how an actor can more effectively disguise their action, or about how an observer can improve their ability to anticipate the outcome of disguised actions. The insights help to identify fruitful areas for future research and outline implications for skill acquisition and performance enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Endurance Exercise on Semen Quality in Male Athletes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alex Aerts, Annelien Temmerman, Arne Vanhie, Dirk Vanderschueren, Leen Antonio","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00739-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00739-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endurance exercise has the potential to affect reproductive function, with amenorrhea in female athletes. However, most studies focus on women. Evidence on the association between endurance exercise and male fertility is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesise existing literature on exercise-induced alterations in semen parameters and to assess the clinical impact on male fertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies reporting on the association between semen parameters and endurance exercise in healthy men were eligible. Men attending fertility clinics were excluded. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from their inception to May 28th 2022. JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the potential risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, reporting on 280 subjects. Eight articles reported on endurance runners, three on cyclists and four on triathletes. Four studies did not find any statistically significant sperm alterations. Five reported significant changes in semen parameters, but these were not clinically relevant, as semen parameters remained well above World Health Organisation (WHO) thresholds. Four articles reported a decrease in semen quality with potential clinical consequences as they found a reduced number of sperm cells exhibiting normal morphology in cyclists and triathletes and a greater amount of DNA fragmentation in triathletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endurance exercise can have a negative effect on semen quality, although rarely with a clinically relevant impact on male fertility. Evidence is however limited, with poor quality of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022336753).</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}