Comparing Population-General and Sport-Specific Correlates of Disordered Eating Amongst Elite Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Scott J Fatt, Emma George, Phillipa Hay, Nikki Jeacocke, Deborah Mitchison
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Despite the high prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders amongst elite athletes, it remains unclear whether risk factors and psychological processes align with those in the general population or if there are unique sport-factors associated with heightened risk. This cross-sectional study investigated if sport-specific factors (including pressures and psychological processes) explained additional variance in elite athletes' disordered eating symptoms, controlling for established population-general risk factors. Current elite athletes (N = 178, 72.4% female, mean age = 23.9, standard deviation age = 7.0) completed online surveys assessing disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, perfectionistic traits, population-general and sport-specific pressures, as well as general (thin-ideal, muscular-ideal) and athlete-specific (drive for leanness for performance, athletic identity) psychological processes.

Results: Disordered eating was highly prevalent, with 78.2% of athletes reporting at least moderate risk, 46.4% at least high risk, and 20.6% very high risk. Controlling for demographic covariates and population-general pressures, sport-specific pressures explained significant additional variance (13.5%) in disordered eating. Even when controlling for perfectionistic traits, greater weight pressures in sport (β = .35) was uniquely associated with greater disordered eating. In a separate multivariate analysis controlling for covariates and general psychological processes, athlete-specific psychological processes explained significant additional variance (15.5%) in disordered eating. Even when controlling for body dissatisfaction, greater drive for leanness for performance (β = .17) and athletic identity (β = .13) were uniquely associated with greater disordered eating.

Conclusions: These findings support evidence that elite athletes may experience dual pressures and psychological processes associated with disordered eating: those congruent with appearance-oriented models and others independent of appearance. This duality should be considered in the modification of interventions for disordered eating in elite athletes.

Key points: 1. Disordered eating was highly prevalent in a sample of 178 elite adult athletes, with 78.2% reporting at least moderate risk for having related symptoms or behaviours. 2. Greater weight pressures in sport was significantly associated with greater disordered eating, even when controlling for demographic covariates and population-general appearance-related pressures from family and the media. 3. Both appearance-based (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction) and non-appearance (drive for leanness for performance, athletic identity) psychological processes were uniquely associated with greater disordered eating.

比较精英运动员饮食失调的人群总体相关因素和体育运动特定相关因素:一项横断面研究。
背景:尽管饮食失调和饮食紊乱在精英运动员中的发病率很高,但目前仍不清楚风险因素和心理过程是否与普通人群一致,或者是否存在与风险增加相关的独特运动因素。这项横断面研究调查了运动特异性因素(包括压力和心理过程)是否能解释精英运动员饮食失调症状的额外差异,同时控制已确定的人群一般风险因素。现役精英运动员(人数=178,72.4%为女性,平均年龄=23.9,标准差=7.0)完成了在线调查,评估了饮食失调、身体不满意、完美主义特质、人群一般压力和运动特异压力,以及一般心理过程(瘦身理想、肌肉理想)和运动员特异心理过程(追求瘦身以提高成绩、运动员身份认同):饮食失调的发生率很高,78.2%的运动员表示至少有中度风险,46.4%至少有高度风险,20.6%有极高风险。在控制了人口统计学协变量和人口普遍压力的情况下,运动特异性压力解释了饮食失调的显著额外差异(13.5%)。即使控制了完美主义特质,体育运动中更大的体重压力(β = .35)也与更大的饮食失调有独特的关联。在控制协变量和一般心理过程的单独多变量分析中,运动员特有的心理过程解释了饮食失调的显著额外变异(15.5%)。即使控制了对身体的不满意度,更强的瘦身表现驱动力(β = .17)和运动员身份认同(β = .13)也与更严重的饮食失调有独特的关联:这些研究结果证明,精英运动员可能会经历与饮食失调相关的双重压力和心理过程:与外貌导向模式一致的压力和心理过程,以及与外貌无关的压力和心理过程。在对精英运动员饮食失调进行干预时,应考虑到这种双重性:1.在 178 名成年精英运动员的样本中,饮食失调现象非常普遍,78.2% 的运动员表示至少有中度风险出现相关症状或行为。2.2. 即使控制了人口统计学协变量以及来自家庭和媒体的一般外貌压力,体育运动中更大的体重压力也与更严重的饮食失调明显相关。3.3. 基于外貌的心理过程(追求苗条、对身体不满意)和非外貌的心理过程(追求苗条以提高成绩、运动员身份认同)都与进食失调有独特的关联。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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