Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4211
Shubham Tayal, Sunil Jadav
{"title":"Power-Delay Trade-Offs in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Circuits Using Self and Optimum Bulk Control","authors":"Shubham Tayal, Sunil Jadav","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4211","url":null,"abstract":"Power dissipation and delay are the challenging issues in the design of VLSI circuits. This manuscript explores joint effect of Self-Bias transistors (SBTs) and Optimum Bulk Bias Technique (OBBT) on CMOS circuits. Earlier investigations on SBTs shows decrease in power dissipation of\u0000 combinational as well as sequential circuits. We extend the analysis by studying the effect of OBBT on the static and dynamic power of CMOS circuits with SBTs coupled amid the pull-up/down network and the supply bars. Extensive SPICE simulations have been carried out in 0.18 μm technology.\u0000 Results demonstrate that, a 73% drop in power in case of combinational circuits and 43% in case of sequential circuits can be accomplished by engaging OBBT in digital circuits. Trade-off between power and delay is also been presented.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"13 1","pages":"210-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89599639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4208
H. Naskar, Siuli Das
{"title":"Design and Development of a Low-Cost Milk Analyzer","authors":"H. Naskar, Siuli Das","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4208","url":null,"abstract":"Milk analyzer is a very useful instrument in the dairy industry. Feed is the principle cause of variation in the composition of fat, although several other factors are believed to influence. The fat concentration is most sensitive to dietary changes, followed by protein concentration;\u0000 whereas the concentration of lactose, vitamins, Solid not fat (SNF), salts and other solid constituents do not respond to the dietary alterations. Analyzing the percentage of fat, SNF, protein and lactose are very important. There are two different type of milk analyzers are reported in this\u0000 work. Both are low cost and user friendly milk analyzer. One is a milk analyzer using a constant phase element (CPE) sensor and it is a contact type. The other one is milk analyzer using ultrasound wave. The ultrasonic sensor is a noncontact type sensor. When ultrasound wave passed through\u0000 the milk sample it is attenuated. The signal conditioning circuit is designed and the performance of milk analyzer is studied in this work. These two milk analyzers are inexpensive and easy to handle.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"234 1","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4205
S. Suresha, B. Harish, B. Avinash, V. S. Chaturmukha, H. S. Jayanna, A. R. Lamani
{"title":"Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Un-Irradiated and γ-Irradiated PVA/NaAlg/LiClO4 Polymer Films","authors":"S. Suresha, B. Harish, B. Avinash, V. S. Chaturmukha, H. S. Jayanna, A. R. Lamani","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4205","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent work effects of ϒ-irradiation (100 kGy) subject area on the conductivity and dielectric properties of PVA/NaAlg/LiClO4 (45; 45; 10 weight%) films have been investigated. Polymer complex films were made individually by using solution casting and the changes\u0000 in the individuals can be distinguished of films induced by ϒ-irradiation (100 kGy) was examined. These films were submitted to different characterizations such as XRD, FTIR and SEM. XRD studies reveal that the nature of the crystalline is increasing for irradiated polymer films. FTIR\u0000 peak assignments show ϒ-irradiated on films the peak gets shifted, modify its intensity, strengthening of hydrogen bonds. The irradiation forms a cross linking between polymer films. SEM micrograph shows that soft and uniform layer is removed during ϒ-irradiation. Dielectric studies\u0000 for ϒ-irradiated films were analyzed at high and low frequency region shows in that respect is no variation in the dielectric constant and has the same answer from 2.7–14.6 MHz and then increase up to 10 MHz after this it decreases with increase in frequency. The AC conductivity\u0000 of the ϒ-irradiated polymer films were found to be increased with the increment of frequency.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"58 6","pages":"188-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4210
H. Galai, N. Rahmouni, P. Namour, A. Bonhomme, F. Bessueille, S. Hentati, N. Jaffrezic‐Renault
{"title":"Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Catechol Biosensor Based on Electroaddressing of Laccase Encapsulated in Modified Chitosan","authors":"H. Galai, N. Rahmouni, P. Namour, A. Bonhomme, F. Bessueille, S. Hentati, N. Jaffrezic‐Renault","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4210","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a new voltammetric biosensor, based on the encapsulation of laccase from Trametes versicolor in an electrodeposited nanocomposite film, was developed for the detection of catechol. The nanocomposite was composed of chitosan (CS) modified with trymiristine (Tr), both of\u0000 natural origin, to enhance its conductivity. FTIR and SEM studies were performed to characterize the modified chitosan film and the encapsulation of the enzyme. The analytical performance of the elaborated biosensor was determined through voltammetry detection of the produced quinone. Catechol\u0000 was detected in a linear range between 10–20 and 10–15 M and a sensitivity of 0.4667 mA/p [catechol] was found. The repeatability of this biosensor is good as its RSD is equal to 1.35% and it shows stability for four weeks. To test the functionality of the\u0000 developed biosensor, the total phenolic content of three samples of natural oils was determined and compared to a colorimetric test.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"7 1","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87094736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4207
A. Fouly, Ahmed M. R. Fathelbab, A. Abouelsoud, T. Tsuchiya, O. Tabata
{"title":"Design and Simulation of Micro Tactile Sensor for Stiffness Detection of Soft Tissue with Irregular Surface","authors":"A. Fouly, Ahmed M. R. Fathelbab, A. Abouelsoud, T. Tsuchiya, O. Tabata","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4207","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile sensors become an essential part of many applications in our life. Integrating tactile sensors with surgical tools used in MIS is significant to compensate for the shortage of touch feeling of soft tissues and organs comparing with traditional surgeries. This paper presents\u0000 a detailed design of a micro tactile sensor for measuring the stiffness of soft tissue with an irregular surface. The sensor consists of five cantilever springs with different stiffness. A spring in the middle has a relatively low stiffness surrounded by 4 springs have relatively equal high\u0000 stiffness to compensate for the soft tissue contact error in the longitudinal and lateral directions. Sensor parameters are selected to ensure high sensitivity and linearity with taking into consideration the cross-talk effect among the sensor springs tips. A detailed design of the sensor\u0000 structure in the microscale is conducted based on some constraints related to MEMS fabrication. A finite element analysis (FEA) of the sensor structure is conducted to evaluate sensor structure performance using CoventorWare software. Then, an FEA for the piezo-resistors, as a signal transduction\u0000 method, is conducted which maps the sensor output to an electrical signal. The results prove that the sensor can differentiate among different soft-tissue stiffness within the selected range independent of the applied distance between the sensor and the tissue with an error below 3% even with\u0000 inclination angle between the sensor and the tissue ±3°. Furthermore, a linear performance has been achieved between the soft-tissue stiffness and the sensor output.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":"200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85615197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4209
S. Patra, B. Mallick
{"title":"Effect of Nanostructure CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rods Coated on Flexible Cellulosic Substrate to Improve Photoluminescence Potential of Conducting Fiber","authors":"S. Patra, B. Mallick","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4209","url":null,"abstract":"The work presented here, the flash synthesis of high photoluminescence of CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rods was carried out by \"high-temperature short-time\" (HTST) processing technique of quantum yield being 77%. Upon characterization by transmission electron microscope (TEM), it is found to be\u0000 the dimensions of CdSe-CdS QDs to be rods (rod length rod diameter) of 27.8 × 3.4 nm. A layer of high luminescence CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rods was grown on the surface of the touch sensitive natural Mimosa pudica (MP) natural conducting fiber by chemical dipping method. The composite CdSe/CdS\u0000 are made up of a CdSe spherical core (Dot) of average diameter about 2.9 nm embedded in a Rod of CdS shell. The well-oriented CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rods nano-particle was observed to have an emission peak at 545 nm. The works suggest a sensing plate which enhances Photoluminescence potential of\u0000 conducting natural fiber.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"14 1","pages":"216-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85267232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4203
A. Abdelmoaty, A. Hanna, S. Mousa, M. Sherief, W. A. El-Ghany
{"title":"Humidity Sensing Behavior of Nano-Particle Size Magnesium Chromites Derived from the Tannery Wastewater","authors":"A. Abdelmoaty, A. Hanna, S. Mousa, M. Sherief, W. A. El-Ghany","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4203","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is recovery the chromium content from the tannery wastewater to decrease the environmental pollution. Also, benefit the extracted chromium compound by study their electrical behavior to be used as humidity sensor device. The chromium content was extracted as a solid\u0000 power by using MgO for precipitation. The prepared dry powder was characterized by different process. The results of the characterizations indicate that the chromium content precipitated as MgCr2O4. The efficiency of separation reaches to 99.98%. The crystalline size\u0000 was calculated by applying Scherer equation, the calculation indicate that the MgCr2O4 formed in nano-sized particles and affected markedly with calcinations. As the calcination temperatures increase from 300 to 900 °C the crystalline size increases from 44.1 to 70.6\u0000 nm, this may due to growth the crystals by calcinations. To study the evaluation of MgCr2O4 as relative humidity (RH) sensors, the dried samples were exposed to different humidities between 22 to 92%. The electrical behaviors of humidity samples were measured to investigate\u0000 the humidity sensing. AC conductivity of both the dry and the humidity samples indicate that the conductivity increases as the humidity increase from 27 to 80 RH%. The variation of conductivity for both dried and humidity samples shows that as the humidity increases from 22 to 80, the conductivity\u0000 increases while above 80% the conductivity greatly increase. From the dependence of the electrical properties of MgCr2O4 on water content, it may conclude that, MgCr2O4 can be used as humidity sensors between 27 to 90%.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75198432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4199
P. N. Anantharamaiah, S. Giri
{"title":"Enhancement of SO2 Gas Sensing Performance of Co3O4 Spinel by Cu Substitution","authors":"P. N. Anantharamaiah, S. Giri","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4199","url":null,"abstract":"Single-phase spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and copper-substituted cobalt oxide (Co2.8Cu0.2O4) nanomaterials were synthesized via a co-precipitation route. To explore the potential applicability of the Co3O4 and\u0000 Co2.8Cu0.2O4 materials for gas sensor fabrication, their SO2 gas sensing characteristics were studied at three different temperatures using the gas concentration of 3 ppm. Unsubstituted Co3O4 sample exhibits poor response towards\u0000 SO2 gas whereas the Cu-substituted sample showed superior gas sensing characteristics such as gas response, response time and recovery time at all three temperatures. Among the three studied temperatures, the maximum gas response of 7.5% was found at 200 °C with recovery and\u0000 response times of 26 sec, indicating an optimal temperature. Our results demonstrate that the nanostructured Co2.8Cu0.2O4 material could be a potential candidate to design SO2 gas sensor for detection of low concentration gas.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"255 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76145705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4200
Elhachemi Kouddad, R. Naoum
{"title":"Optimization of an All-Optical Photonic Crystal NOT Logic Gate Using Switch Based on Nonlinear Kerr Effect and Ring Resonator","authors":"Elhachemi Kouddad, R. Naoum","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4200","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the use of the Kerr effect in a two-dimensional square lattice of In0.82Ga0.18As0.40P0.60 rods in photonic crystal proposes an ultra-compact all-optical NOT logic gate. The main device operation is based on the concept of all\u0000 the optical switches. In our work, the novelty lies in the design of a new simple nonlinear ring based on the combination of silicon nano-crystal \"Si–Nc/In0.82Ga0.18As0.40P0.60\" materials that can be used. The contrast ratio and delay time\u0000 for the proposed NOT logic gate are respectively 25.52 dB and 0.66 ps. The structure size is equal to 168 μm2. Designed logic gates are characterized by low energy consumption, high-speed response, compactness and easy integration. All simulations are based on Non-Linear-Finite\u0000 Difference Time Domain (NL-FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) numerical methods.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"142 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77330192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensor LettersPub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1166/sl.2020.4194
Sarfaraz Khan, Huaili Zheng, Qiang Sun, Yongzhi Liu, H. Li, W. Ding, Andrea Navarro
{"title":"Analysis of Influencing Factors for Leaching of Acrylamide Monomer from Polyacrylamide-Based Flocculants Used in the Treatment of Sludge Dewatering","authors":"Sarfaraz Khan, Huaili Zheng, Qiang Sun, Yongzhi Liu, H. Li, W. Ding, Andrea Navarro","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4194","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide (AM) monomer is one of the harmful type substance, are commonly using to produce polyacrylamide (PAMs) flocculants for water treatment. Because of incomplete polymerization, the molecules of AM monomers also in exit marketable polymers. Therefore, discharge of AM from the\u0000 usage of PAM based polymers flocculants in to environment. Currently study focus on, the AM leaching behaviour (emulsion and powder) polymer produced by two different production processes was studied with WTP sludge dewatering as the research object. The flocculants type's effects, Concentration\u0000 of sludge and dosage on the discharge of AM residual monomer in sludge dewatering effluent were studied. The powder form flocculants results show, the regardless of the flocculants concentration and sludge concentration, the leaching concentration is not significant, but in the emulsion flocculants,\u0000 the leaching concentration changes significantly. The Monomers of residual acrylamide be absorbed on the surface of sludge. Sludge concentration plays an active role in improving dehydration efficiency. Considering the trade-off between emulsion and powder polymer, the results of this study\u0000 are related to the water treatment process.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"12 4 1","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83472734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}