Scientific African最新文献

{"title":"Progress in the application of remote sensing for water quality and human health mapping in informal settlements of South Africa: A review","authors":"Oupa E. Malahlela ,&nbsp;Mologadi C. Mothapo ,&nbsp;Fhumulani I. Mathivha ,&nbsp;Nokulunga Hlengwa","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Informal settlements in South Africa are a part of the urban landscape which is impossible to ignore due to their socio-economic contribution to the urban economies. However, the rapid expansion of these settlements exposes the population to various environmental hazards such as floods, pollution, and waterborne diseases and thus requires continuous monitoring. The use of remote sensing data has proved very effective for mapping water bodies, water quality, flood risk and water-borne diseases in parts of the world and in South Africa. This review highlights the extent to which remote sensing technology was used for mapping water quality in informal settlements, water-borne diseases, challenges and opportunities that the technology presents for future research. The results from this review revealed that there was a gradual increase in the number of studies conducted for mapping of water quality in South Africa since 1982, with a peak publication of 15 articles in 2020. We found no literature on the application of remote sensing in South African informal settlements in areas of water-borne and water-related disease mapping, such as schistosomiasis, yellow fever, typhoid fever, dysentery, and cholera, among other common water-borne and water-related diseases. Malaria was found to be the most common water related disease that has been studied through remote sensing in South Africa due to the disease burden that exists, and the efforts made towards disease eradication. In this review, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and high-resolution remote sensing is recommended as an alternative to traditional water-borne and water-related diseases surveillance especially in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of solar home systems: the case study of Ghana","authors":"Emmanuel Effah ,&nbsp;Samuel Gyamfi ,&nbsp;Felix Amankwah Diawuo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Yeboah Asuamah","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the socio-economic factors influencing the adoption and utilisation of Solar Home Systems (SHSs) in remote communities of Ghana. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates household surveys of SHS users and non-users, along with in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in the SHS industry. The findings reveal that access to finance, education level, and awareness of SHS benefits are key determinants of adoption. Additionally, the availability of government subsidies and microfinance institutions significantly enhances SHS uptake.</div><div>Despite the advantages of SHSs, the study finds that they are not a primary driver for establishing Home-Based Businesses in rural communities. However, they have contributed to a 3.81 % increase in household savings and improved the operational conditions of existing businesses. Moreover, 41.59 % of respondents reported enhanced nighttime security, while 28 % noted an extension in study hours for children due to improved lighting.</div><div>The study concludes that targeted policy interventions addressing financial accessibility, community engagement, and infrastructure support are essential for maximising the socio-economic benefits of SHSs. Expanding SHS adoption in developing countries can significantly improve energy access, quality of life, and rural economic resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of the Adigrat basalts from the Oligocene Ethiopian flood basalt province in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Angesom Resom ,&nbsp;Asfawossen Asrat ,&nbsp;Mehari Kinfe ,&nbsp;Kiros Gebrehiwot","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Adigrat basalts are exposed along a prominent E-W extending ridge between Adigrat and Shire at the northern edge of the Ethiopian continental flood basalt province. They form up to twenty three individual lava flows with a total thickness of ∼ 1200 m. Though this region exposes a nearly complete succession of the trap series basalts, it is a data scarce region. In this paper, we present major and trace element geochemistry of basalts sampled systematically from the bottom to the top of these succession of basaltic lava flows. The lava flows form two distinct formations: (i) the stratigraphically older lower basalts, forming ∼1000 m thick package of inclined to gently dipping, massive to stratified, quartz-amygdaloidal, aphanitic to plagioclase-clinopyroxene-phyric basalt flows, occasionally intercalated with scoriaceous basalts and basaltic agglomerates towards the top; and (ii) the stratigraphically younger upper basalts, forming ∼200 m thick horizontally layered and columnarly jointed aphyric to rarely plagioclase-clinopyroxene- or olivine-phyric massive basalts. The lower basalts are dominantly tholeiitic with higher MgO contents, low incompatible element and light REE concentrations and generally flat middle to heavy REE patterns with low (La/Yb)_N &lt; 4, low Nb/La, and Sr &gt; 100 ppm, suggesting a mixed source of depleted (N-MORB) and metasomatized, enriched (E-MORB) mantle components with higher degree of partial melting at shallow depth. The upper basalts are mostly tholeiitic but culminate at the top in alkaline rocks with particularly low MgO and CaO contents. The upper basalts have relatively higher contents of TiO₂ and FeO, and show more fractionation of the light REEs with higher (La/Yb)_N &gt; 5 and Nb/La, and generally enriched light REE and depleted heavy REE, suggesting their origin from a mixing of OIB-type melts of the upwelling Afar plume and metasomatized, enriched (E-MORB) mantle component at depth within the garnet stability field. There was a general magmatic evolution from low-Ti tholeiitic basalts to high-Ti tholeiitic and alkaline basalts in the northern edge of the Ethiopian flood basalt province.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmuted exponential-compound Weibull distribution for modelling of positively skewed data","authors":"Nnaemeka Martin Eze ,&nbsp;Waheed Babatunde Yahya","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, there are many lifetime datasets that many existing probability distributions cannot provides a better fit to them as they continue to exhibit complexity and changes in shape. Furthermore, many of these lifetime datasets generated are often characterized by problems of elongation and asymmetry, which make it difficult for the classical distributions to provide an adequate fit to them. However, in this study, an efficient lifetime distribution called the Transmuted Exponential-Compound Weibull is developed to model lifetime datasets especially those that the existing competing lifetime distributions cannot fit efficiently well. The new model is characterized by a flexible structure ideal for analyzing positive data and featuring a hazard rate function that has bathtub shaped which makes it to offer more flexibility to solve the problem of elongation and asymmetry than the competing distributions. Some fundamental mathematical and statistical properties associated with this new distribution, such as ordinary moments, moment generating function, mean, variance, quantile function, survival function, hazard function, Renyi entropy and order statistics were derived and presented in an explicit structure. The parameters of the proposed model were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation approach. A simulation study was carried out to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in terms of bias, variance and mean squared error under different sample sizes. The results showed that the MLE is good to estimate the unknown parameters of the proposed model. The application of this distribution was demonstrated by fitting it to two lifetime datasets and the results showed superior goodness-of-fit when compared with existing distributions using established statistical metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New assessment of geothermal resources in Morocco: Evaluation of the curie point depth method using magnetic data for geothermal gradient and heat flow estimation","authors":"Mohammed Boumehdi ,&nbsp;Youssef Hahou ,&nbsp;Khalid Amrouch ,&nbsp;Nour Eddine Berkat ,&nbsp;Júlio Carneiro ,&nbsp;António Correia ,&nbsp;Othman Sadki","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal exploration in Morocco has gained increasing interest as a promising renewable energy source, driven by the global demand for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the country faces challenges due to the limited availability of deep boreholes for direct heat flow measurements and its complex geological setting, which affects the distribution of geothermal resources. This study evaluates the use of the Curie Point Depth (CPD) method, derived from magnetic data analysis, as an indirect approach for estimating the geothermal gradient and heat flow. The CPD values across Morocco range from 8.2 to 30.0 km, the Geothermal Gradient (GG) varies between 7.5 and 72.9 °C/km (average 44.6 °C/km), and Heat Flow (HF) values range from 29.9 to 239.0 mW/m². Our findings reveal a good correlation between CPD-derived geothermal anomalies and previously identified promising areas for geothermal exploration based on direct measurements, such as in northeastern Morocco, the southern Rif, the southwestern Saharan domain, the middle Atlas, and the western High Atlas. Additionally, comparisons show a reduced discrepancy between CPD-derived and directly measured HF and GG values, particularly in deep and consistent boreholes. Despite these positive correlations, the method also exhibits limitations that highlight the need for further refinement in the context of complex geological settings and hydrothermal circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of UAV-based systems in monitoring forest health: Potentials and challenges","authors":"Andisiwe Manase ,&nbsp;Alen Manyevere ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.M Abd Elbasit ,&nbsp;ChueneVictor Mashamaite","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural ecosystems, especially forests, are undergoing severe degradation due to climate change and human-induced actions like forest clearance, environmental pollution, and modifications to land utilization. This systematic review synthesizes recent research on using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for forest health monitoring (FHM), specifically focusing on detecting tree stress and assessing overall forest health through vegetation indices. The UAVs have emerged as a leading tool in FHM because they provide high-resolution imagery and flexible operational capabilities. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this review ensured a thorough and transparent synthesis of information, enhancing the reliability of evidence for informed decision-making. This systematic review analyzed 40 studies conducted across 23 countries. The results highlighted the versatility of UAVs in addressing abiotic stressors such as drought and fire, which are becoming increasingly relevant due to climate change. The findings underscore UAVs' significant role in detecting phytoparasitic infestations that impact tree vitality, thereby improving forest management practices. Various tree species were examined concerning specific threats posed by pests and diseases, such as Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) affected by honey fungus (<em>Armillaria</em>) and Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) impacted by the pine processionary moth (<em>Thaumetopoea pityocampa</em>). This complexity reflects the intricate nature of forest ecosystems and the unique challenges biological stressors present. Overall, integrating UAV technology into forest health monitoring represents a substantial advancement in enhancing management strategies amid environmental challenges, especially for African vegetation and forest health, through improved monitoring capabilities and sustainable management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaggregated impacts of technology on agriculture in Nigeria: Insights into intensity and diversity","authors":"Joel Tobiloba Adeyemo ,&nbsp;Opeyemi Eunice Olagunju ,&nbsp;Kehinde D. Ilesanmi ,&nbsp;Adedoyin Isola Lawal","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Do all subsectors of agriculture potentially benefit from the increasing transformation of technology within the Nigerian economy? This study responds by empirically investigating the relationship between technology and agricultural output in Nigeria’s crop, livestock, fishing, and forestry subsectors from 1981 to 2021. Using the ARDL model, the findings reveal heterogeneous effects of technology on output. In the long run, agricultural total factor productivity significantly enhances productivity in the crop and fishing subsectors but exhibits an inverse relationship with forestry output, indicating inefficiencies in technology application. Capital stock exerts a strong short-run impact on crop and livestock output but demonstrates diminishing long-run effects, suggesting the need for continuous reinvestment. Meanwhile, labour remains largely insignificant in the short run but proves key in sustaining long-term crop and livestock production output. Macroeconomic factors such as real GDP, interest rates, and trade policies also exhibit varying effects across subsectors, underscoring the importance of a differentiated policy approach. To ensure the robustness of the findings, the study employs the DOLS estimator, which corroborates the ARDL results, reinforcing the reliability of the long-run estimates. The study stresses the necessity for targeted technology transfer initiatives, sustained capital investment, and sector-specific interventions to optimise agricultural productivity. These insights provide a foundation for designing policies that enhance sustainable agricultural growth, food security, and economic resilience in Nigeria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing stocking density for enhanced fish yield in lacustrine cage aquaculture","authors":"Christopher Mulanda Aura ,&nbsp;Hezron Awandu ,&nbsp;Venny Mziri ,&nbsp;FondaJane Awuor ,&nbsp;Chrispine S. Nyamweya ,&nbsp;Safina Musa","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish provides an essential source of high-quality protein and micronutrients, supporting food security worldwide. However, with declining wild fish stocks, cage aquaculture has emerged as a critical method for boosting fish production, particularly in Lake Victoria, Kenya. Stocking density is a crucial factor influencing fish growth, survival, and environmental sustainability, yet optimal practices remain poorly defined under natural lake conditions. This study assessed the relationship between stocking density and fish yield across cage farms in five riparian counties of Lake Victoria, linking management practices to fish health outcomes. Field surveys were conducted in 2023 across 42 landing sites, collecting data on cage sizes, stocking densities, anticipated harvest weights, and incidences of fish kills. Statistical analyses revealed a weak positive correlation (<em>r</em> = 0.229) between mean stocking density and anticipated harvest weight. Cages stocked within the recommended range (70–150 fish m⁻³) achieved better growth and fish health outcomes, while sub-optimal densities were associated with reduced yields and higher fish mortality, especially in gulf regions vulnerable to poor water quality. This study provides crucial insights by linking real-world stocking density practices to fish mortality under open-water cage culture conditions. Findings emphasize the need for site-specific management, adherence to stocking guidelines, and targeted farmer training to optimize production while preserving ecosystem health. The outcomes are directly relevant for policy makers, extension officers, and researchers aiming to promote sustainable cage aquaculture in African freshwater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of malaria and utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets in Kola Diba, northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Halima Nuru ,&nbsp;Zinaye Tekeste ,&nbsp;Amir Alelign","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In many sub-Saharan African countries, there is a paucity of recent data on the epidemiology of malaria and utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), which aid health planners in implementing timely corrective measures and enhancing early preparedness. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria, malaria knowledge, and ITN utilization in Kola Diba town, northwest Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2023 in Kola Diba, northwest Ethiopia. A total of 404 individuals who visited Kola Diba Primary Hospital during the study period were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from each study participant and examined for the presence of malaria parasites. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics, knowledge of malaria and its risk factors, and ITN utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall malaria prevalence in the study area was 26.45 %. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), and co-infection by the two parasites were identified in 19.55 %, 5.20 %, and 1.73 % of participants, respectively. Participants who lived near stagnant water (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 2.06 (1.05–4.01)) and had a hole in their house wall (AOR (95 % CI) = 3.07 (1.61–5.88)) were more likely to get malaria. Urban residents (AOR (95 % CI) = 0.56 (0.34–0.92)) and ITN users (AOR (95 % CI) = 0.35 (0.21–0.60)) had lower odds of malaria infection. 91.83 % of participants had heard of malaria, 77.23 % recognized at least one sign or symptom of malaria, and 98.02 % were aware that mosquitos can spread malaria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was a high prevalence of malaria in the study area, and factors such as residence and utilization of ITNs were associated with malaria infection, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to mitigate risk factors and reduce transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD model simulation and experimental testing of a household husky biomass cook stove","authors":"Adem Tibesso Kole ,&nbsp;Venkata Ramayya Ancha","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is difficult to burn husky biomass in combustion cook stoves with smoke free operation, and as such their utilization needs improvised design configurations. Fine tuning the design configuration and testing in virtual reality through simulations saves lot of time, effort, and money. In this regard, this study aims to predict the performance of a household husky biomass cook stove using Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation and it’s validation with experimental testing. The cook stove model was designed using CATIA V5R20 and ANSYS 19.2 was employed to simulate its performance. The wood-volatile-air materials were used from the ANSYS data/base for CFD simulation with naturally flowing atmospheric air. The design optimization of the cook stove was also done by changing the stove model geometry using the assumed fuel inlet diameters. The simulation results indicate that from the assumed fuel inlet diameters (6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, and 9 mm), the maximum temperature was observed at a fuel inlet diameter of 7 mm, which was 1016 K. These results also show that changing the fuel inlet diameter can affect the stove's efficiency. The experimental performance was evaluated by the water boiling test (WBT) version 4.2.3 using two pots of different sizes with coffee husk and rice husk biomass, while also employing the heterogeneous testing procedure (HTP) protocol with 3 L, 5 L, and 6.4 L for high, medium, and low-level test phases. A comparison of the CFD simulation with the experimental test result in terms of maximum heating efficiency showed 30% and 29% respectively resulting in a good agreement. The CFD model simulation was compared with the WBT experimental result considering the fact that the WBT (2014 version) is a more recent one than the HTP (2010 version) protocol. According to the WBT experimental findings, when utilizing coffee husk biomass and a 3.5-liter pot, the maximum thermal efficiency and time to boil water were determined to be 29% and 7.7 min, respectively, whereas for rice husk biomass, they were 28% and 8.4 min, respectively. The average specific fuel consumption of the improved biomass cook stoves described in the literature was 115 g/liter, compared to 98 g/liter for the husky biomass stove in this stud leading to a 14.78% reduction in specific fuel consumption. The relative error between the CFD simulation and experimental results at 3.33 % indicates a close agreement between the two, thus validating the simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article e02714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}