Scientific African最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the optoelectronic, quantum chemical, NBO and dynamic nonlinear optical properties of meso-BODIPY dyes","authors":"Oluwatoba Emmanuel Oyeneyin ,&nbsp;Nathanael Damilare Ojo ,&nbsp;Adesoji Alani Olanrewaju ,&nbsp;Blessing Lully Isaiah ,&nbsp;Nnenna Winifred Odozi ,&nbsp;Edmore Farayi Kangara ,&nbsp;Matshawandile Tukulula","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, understanding the effect of substituents on the electronic absorption, optoelectronic, static and dynamic nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, and molecular stability of (CF₃-, CH₃-, CCl₃-, NH₂-, NO₂-) meso-substituted BODIPY dyes was specifically aimed at using density functional (B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP) approach with 6–311++G(d,p). Solvent perturbation of electronic excitation energy, oscillator strength and light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) was observed. The LHE increased from 74–80% in gas to 87–90% in acetonitrile. The static first-order and second-order (β, γ) NLO properties of the dyes were significantly greater than those of urea (a standard NLO material). Interestingly, the dynamic NLO [electro-optic Pockels effect: β(-ω;ω,0); second harmonic generation (SHG): β(-2ω;ω,ω); electro-optic Kerr effect: γ(-ω;ω,0,0); direct current SHG: γ(-2ω;ω,ω,0)] at <em>ħω</em> = 0.042823 au were greater than the static β and γ (<em>ħω</em> = 0). NO₂- substituted dye presented greatest NLO amplitudes. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis identified conjugative and hyperconjugative interactions as the major contributors to the structural stabilization of the dyes. Except for NO₂-dye, a negative free energy for electron injection and a positive open-circuit voltage were observed indicating good optoelectronic potential of the substituted BODIPY in dye sensitized solar cells. The molecular instability, chemical reactivity (from energy gap) and dynamic NLO response of the dyes increased in the order: NH₂- &lt; CH₃- &lt; CF₃- &lt; CCl₃ &lt; NO₂-.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo anti-inflammatory activity, acute toxicity profiling, and sub-acute toxicity profiling of extracts from the fruit pulp and seeds of african baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)","authors":"Mercy Badu ,&nbsp;Philip T. Thompson ,&nbsp;Vivian E. Boamah","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Adansonia digitata</em> (L.) is an ancient plant widely known for its diverse medicinal properties. The pulp and seeds of this plant are commonly consumed by rural populations in Africa, valued for their poly-therapeutic benefits. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory activity, acute toxicity, and sub-acute toxicity of extracts from the pulp and seeds using animal models. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using a carrageenan-induced foot edema model in 7-day-old chicks, while the acute and sub-acute toxicities were evaluated in Wistar albino rats. In the anti-inflammatory study, the fruit pulp extract exhibited an ED₅₀ value of 282.12 mg/kg BW, while the seed extracts showed similar activity with ED₅₀ values of 338.41 mg/kg BW for the polar extract and 347.40 mg/kg BW for the non-polar extract. In the acute toxicity evaluation, no mortality was observed at the highest administered dose of 5000 mg/kg BW, suggesting an LD₅₀ value above the highest administered dose. Sub-acute toxicity studies over 28 days revealed significant increases (p &lt; 0.05) in body weight, absolute organ weight, and relative organ weight in rats, yet without adverse effects on hematological or biochemical parameters. Histopathological analysis confirmed the absence of damage to kidney and liver tissues, indicating the safety of the extracts at doses below the estimated LD₅₀. In conclusion, the extracts demonstrate notable anti-inflammatory activity and appear safe for consumption within the tested dose range, supporting their traditional use for health benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Huff’s form for elliptic curves over a local ring","authors":"Abdelhakim Chillali ,&nbsp;Moha Ben Taleb El Hamam ,&nbsp;Abdelâli Grini","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Let <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> be a finite field of order <span><math><mrow><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> is a prime number <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. In this paper, we introduce Huff curves denoted <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> over the local ring <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. At first, we recall the arithmetic of the ring <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. After that, we define Huff curves <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> over this ring and we study the group <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span>, its properties and the classification of its elements. Precisely, we give a bijection between the groups <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> is the Huff curves over the finite field <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis on renewable energy microgrids integrating hydrogen storage: Strategies for optimal sizing and energy management","authors":"Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza ,&nbsp;Babangida Modu","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is regarded as a viable alternative energy carrier because of its superior energy density and low emissions, with great potential for decarbonizing multiple sectors and improving energy sustainability by integrating into the existing energy systems and renewable energy source within the utility. This paper provides a bibliometric assessment through an extensive review of highly cited articles on hydrogen storage integrated microgrid. The study utilized the Web of Science (WoS) database to look for specific keywords related to hydrogen storage integrated microgrid and associated research. The findings reveal that optimization, highly positioned and connected to many other keywords, is demonstrating its importance in the research area. Notable insights highlight the dominance of simulation-based studies, a significant number of publications in top-tier journals, and the rise of innovative research fields, including the creation of sustainable electrodes and improvements in system reliability and efficiency. The evaluation of the articles that are highly cited sheds light on diverse elements, such as approach and system, challenges, and research spaces. This analysis shows ways to improve the performance of operation, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, stable supply of power, on-location energy generation, and flexibility, thereby advancing technological innovation and fostering the development of hydrogen storage-integrated microgrids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of bioconversion of vegetable biowaste by black soldier fly larvae: Influence of mechanical and thermomechanical pretreatments","authors":"Younesse El-byari,&nbsp;Mohammed Bendriss Amraoui","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many countries, the growing production of biowaste poses a major environmental threat, requiring significant budgets for its management. This issue has driven the development of innovative valorisation methods, such as bioconversion. Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) present a promising solution, capable of converting biowaste into larval biomass rich in proteins and lipids. In this study, we evaluated the impact of mechanical and thermomechanical pre-treatments, combined with optimized substrate formulations, on the performance of BSFL. Thermomechanical pre-treatment significantly improved nutrient solubility, reduced inhibitory compounds such as polyphenols from orange peels, and enhanced larval growth compared to mechanical pre-treatment alone. Mixed substrates showed optimal performance, with a survival rate of 98.3 %, a bioconversion rate of 31.11 %, a reduced development time of 18 days, and a biowaste reduction efficiency of up to 83 %. However, coffee grounds, due to their high lignin content and recalcitrant compounds, exhibited low biodegradability and limited availability of soluble nutrients, even after thermomechanical pre-treatment. These results demonstrate that the use of mixed substrates, combined with appropriate pre-treatments, enables increased waste reduction and improved larval performance. This study highlights the importance of pre-treatment and substrate formulation in maximizing BSFL efficiency for biowaste valorization while promoting sustainable waste management and a circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and petrographic characterisation of flake graphite in the graphite mica schist rocks from the Nubian Desert, Sudan","authors":"Dalal Desouqi ,&nbsp;Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hatta Roselee ,&nbsp;Aisyah M Yahya ,&nbsp;Bushra Abdo Alsalam ,&nbsp;Suraya Abdul Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nubian Desert in Sudan, spanning from the Nile River in Wadi Halfa to the eastern Red Sea region, hosts graphite-bearing rocks that can potentially meet the increasing demand for natural graphite, a critical mineral in green energy technologies. This study is the first to investigate the detailed mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of graphite-bearing rocks from this region using petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Nubian Desert flake graphite is of high-grade and hosted in metamorphic graphite schist that has been subjected to an increasing regional environment of amphibolite-to-greenschist facies. The schist is of high-grade and fine-grained, with a clear foliation texture composed of graphite (10 %), quartz (35 %), mica (biotite+muscovite) (50 %), and albite (5 %). Fine graphite flakes, ranging from 50 to 150 µm in length with an average width of 46 µm, are disseminated along the schist foliation texture. The quantitative elemental contents are C (10 %), SiO₂ (60 %), Al₂O₃ (20 %), and K₂O (10 %). Approximately 84 % of the total carbon is graphite, whereas 16 % is graphitised carbon, which can be upgraded by froth flotation and acid leaching. Although the crystallinity and microcrystal structure of the graphite require further investigation, the preliminary mineralogical features meet the international standards for high-grade fine-flake graphite and suggest its suitability for advanced processing and exploration. These findings highlight the Nubian Desert as an important and underexplored graphite resource, necessitating expanded geological and industrial investigations to meet the growing demand for critical minerals required for sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-morphological diversity of edible Kenyan Crotalaria accessions","authors":"Joshua Kiilu Muli ,&nbsp;Johnstone O. Neondo ,&nbsp;Nancy L.M. Budambula","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food shortage is the insufficiency of food supply; whose greatest contributor is production shortfall. Sub-Saharan Africa is among the poorest regions in the world and is characterized by over-reliance on agriculture. Therefore, there is a need for diverse food sources in the region if food sustainability is to be achieved. The lack of information on the scope of diversity, nutritional and medicinal properties of edible <em>Crotalaria</em> species (rattle pods) limits the prospects of scaling-up their production and development of related pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to determine the distribution and distinction of edible <em>Crotalaria</em> species in Kenya. Different regions of the country as well as the Genetic Resources Research Institute of Kenya were sampled in a purposive manner. The gathered seeds were established at the University of Embu and the plants were continually evaluated using 8 quantitative and 6 qualitative traits. Three edible species (<em>C. brevidens</em> Benth., <em>C. ochroleuca</em> G Don and <em>C. trichotoma</em> Bojer.) were identified and characterized. Factorial ANOVA revealed significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 for all traits) in all the parameters assessed, and minimal diversity in qualitative traits. Pearson's correlation depicted weak to moderate positive and negative correlations in all traits except for leaf area and leaf width which were strongly positively correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.84, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Principal Coordinate Analysis of the quantitative traits revealed that the first five PCs accounted for 92.9 % of the observed variation, with PC1 having a large positive association with leaf area (0.439), plant height (0.419) and leaf length (0.418), a phenomenon that suggested that this component primarily measures plant biomass. Based on agglomerative hierarchical grouping, the samples were clustered into 6 groups. All the qualitative traits under study except the pod shape were intermixed among the samples and did not reveal proper distinctions among the species under study. This study serves as a basis for identification of additional edible species, in an effort to enhance food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study of a high-gain, wideband circularly polarized printed antenna array at 2.45 GHz in the ISM band for wireless power transmission applications","authors":"Walid En-naghma ,&nbsp;Mohamed Latrach ,&nbsp;Hanan Halaq ,&nbsp;Abdelghani El Ougli","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An enhanced wideband circularly polarized printed antenna array (CPPAA) is designed, analyzed, fabricated, and discussed in this paper. The proposed CPPAA structure is printed on a Flame Retardant (FR-4) material as a commercially available substrate. This CPPAA structure is simulated using two software which are CST MWS (Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio), and HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator). The main goal behind these two solvers is to prove the effectiveness of this CPPAA. Then, it was fabricated and experimentally measured via the PNA-X Network Analyzer. The presented CPPAA operates at 2.45 GHz with the measured gain values of 7.80 dBi, the measured bandwidth is 290 MHz around 2.45 GHz (from 2.2844 GHz to 2.5744 GHz), and the measured efficiency is about 80.83 %. The VSWR of the fabricated prototype does not exceed the need of 1.5. The suggested CPPAA design can be suitable for energy harvesting and wireless power transmission applications, especially in rectenna systems construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of groundwater potential in the Khenifra-Azrou basin, Central Massif, Morocco using frequency ratio and Shannon's entropy approaches","authors":"Anouar Taibou ,&nbsp;Halima Jounaid ,&nbsp;Jalal Moustadraf ,&nbsp;Fouad Amraoui","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this research is to identify groundwater potential zones in the fractured terrain of the Khenifra-Azrou Basin using the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Shannon's Entropy (SE) models. A total of thirteen factors influencing groundwater were included, including distance to faults, fault density, distance to rivers, drainage density, Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and several topographical factors such as elevation, slope, slope aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature, Topographic Position Index (TPI) and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI). Groundwater potential maps were generated from the two models and were classified into four classes: low, moderate, high and very high. These maps were then validated based on the distribution of water points across the potential zones and by calculating the accuracy (ACC) and kappa coefficient. The results for the Frequency Ratio model show that the high and very high potential zones cover 37.72 % and 19.71 % of the area, while for the Shannon's Entropy model these zones cover 35.33 % and 20.22 % respectively. Validation with water points showed that for the FR model 41.03 % and 43.68 % were in the high and very high zones, whereas for the SE model 37.29 % and 45.09 % were in these classes. The accuracy and kappa coefficients for the FR model were 85.77 % and 57.64 %, and for the SE model were 85.77 % and 58.87 %. These results provide important insights for groundwater management and planning in the Khenifra-Azrou Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of organic compounds from olive mill wastewater using an eco-friendly adsorbent: Characterization, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, and interaction analysis","authors":"Malika Ammari ,&nbsp;Mohammed Zerrouk ,&nbsp;Imane Zoufri ,&nbsp;Younesse El-Byari ,&nbsp;Abdelhadi Mazrha ,&nbsp;Fatima Ez-zahrae Mrizak ,&nbsp;Mohammed Merzouki","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of clinker as a filtering medium is a new method for treating the waste water from olive mills (OMWW), which is a highly toxic effluent for the environment due to its high organic load and its huge concentration of phenolic compounds as confirmed by HPLC analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersed X-rays (EDX), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the prepared clinker. Additionally, adsorption tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the clinker. The adsorption study was carried out under different conditions such as contact time, pH value, adsorbate concentration and temperature. The adsorption mechanisms are described using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models represent the kinetics while the thermodynamic study of adsorption examines how thermodynamic properties influence the adsorption process. The results indicate that the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm are most suitable for the adsorption of OMWW. The results showed that the clinker can adsorb 1001.61 mg/g at an initial concentration of 5000 mg/L.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article e02612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}