npj Climate and Atmospheric Science最新文献

Distinct bimodal size distribution in number concentration and light absorption of sub-500 nm brown carbon particles 500 nm以下棕碳粒子的数量、浓度和光吸收具有明显的双峰尺寸分布

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01120-x

Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Ru-Jin Huang, Chunshui Lin, Lu Yang, Yanan Zhan, Wei Huang, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O’Dowd

{"title":"Distinct bimodal size distribution in number concentration and light absorption of sub-500 nm brown carbon particles","authors":"Haobin Zhong, Wei Xu, Ru-Jin Huang, Chunshui Lin, Lu Yang, Yanan Zhan, Wei Huang, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, Colin O’Dowd","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01120-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01120-x","url":null,"abstract":"Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols impact climate and air quality through light absorption, but their size-resolved characteristics remain unclear. This study employs a novel positive matrix factorization (PMF) approach constrained by light absorption and marker fragment to derive the size distribution of the BrC number concentration and light absorption at high time and size resolutions. Our results show distinct bimodal patterns in the BrC number concentration for the sub-500 nm particles at Mace Head, the west coast of Ireland, with peaks at ~20 nm and 107 nm, attributable to new particle formation (nucleation mode) and subsequent growth processes to the accumulation mode, respectively. Light absorption also exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 137 nm and increasing values to 484 nm. This difference highlights that the larger particles (e.g. around 484 nm), though fewer in number (~3.6% of the total BrC particles), contribute significantly (~70%) to light absorption due to high mass concentration. The direct solar absorption of BrC relative to black carbon ranges from 1.7% to 4.8%, with a slight increase for particles larger than 100 nm, emphasizing the importance of larger particles in BrC radiative effects. These results offer insights into the size-resolved properties of sub-500 nm BrC, enhancing our understanding of BrC properties and potentially reducing uncertainties in aerosol-radiation interactions.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atlantic Niño increases early-season tropical cyclone landfall risk in Korea and Japan 大西洋Niño增加了韩国和日本早季热带气旋登陆的风险

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01112-x

Dongmin Kim, Sang-Ki Lee, Hosmay Lopez, Robert West, Gregory R. Foltz, Jin-Sil Hong, Sang-Wook Yeh

{"title":"Atlantic Niño increases early-season tropical cyclone landfall risk in Korea and Japan","authors":"Dongmin Kim, Sang-Ki Lee, Hosmay Lopez, Robert West, Gregory R. Foltz, Jin-Sil Hong, Sang-Wook Yeh","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01112-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01112-x","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP), which occur mainly from June through November, are greatly influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), particularly during the peak and late seasons (August–November). However, during the early season (June–August; JJA), ENSO is in its onset or developing phase and thus is relatively weak. Consequently, the drivers of interannual variability in early-season WNP TC activity remain less understood. This study shows that Atlantic Niño/Niña, the leading mode of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability in JJA, significantly influences early-season WNP TC activity. Specifically, Atlantic Niño produces anomalous upper-level convergence in the tropical WNP, resulting in a decrease in low-level relative vorticity and mid-level relative humidity in the southern WNP (0°–10°N), and an increase in low-level relative vorticity in the northern WNP (20°N–30°N). These environmental conditions lead to an increase in TC activity over the northern WNP and a decrease over the southern WNP. Due to the resulting northward shifts in TC genesis and track density, the risk of landfalling TCs in far eastern Asia, particularly Korea and Japan, is greatly increased. These results suggest that Atlantic Niño/Niña may serve as a key predictor for seasonal WNP TC activity, especially during ENSO-neutral years.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin: a scalable framework for AI-driven Earth System Modeling 社区研究地球数字智能孪生：人工智能驱动的地球系统建模的可扩展框架

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01125-6

John S. Schreck, Yingkai Sha, William Chapman, Dhamma Kimpara, Judith Berner, Seth McGinnis, Arnold Kazadi, Negin Sobhani, Ben Kirk, Charlie Becker, Gabrielle Gantos, David John Gagne II

{"title":"Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin: a scalable framework for AI-driven Earth System Modeling","authors":"John S. Schreck, Yingkai Sha, William Chapman, Dhamma Kimpara, Judith Berner, Seth McGinnis, Arnold Kazadi, Negin Sobhani, Ben Kirk, Charlie Becker, Gabrielle Gantos, David John Gagne II","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01125-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01125-6","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) numerical weather prediction (NWP) have transformed atmospheric modeling. AI NWP models outperform state-of-the-art conventional NWP models like the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting’s (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) on several global metrics while requiring orders of magnitude fewer computational resources. However, existing AI NWP models still face limitations due to training datasets and dynamic timestep choices, often leading to artifacts that affect performance. To begin to address these challenges, we introduce the Community Research Earth Digital Intelligence Twin (CREDIT) framework, developed at the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). CREDIT is a flexible, scalable, foundational research platform for training and deploying AI NWP models, providing an end-to-end pipeline for data preprocessing, model training, and evaluation. The CREDIT framework supports both existing architectures and the development of new models. We showcase this flexibility with WXFormer, a novel multiscale vision transformer designed to predict atmospheric states while mitigating common AI NWP pitfalls through techniques like spectral normalization, intelligent padding, and multi-step training. Additionally, we train the FuXi architecture within the CREDIT framework for comparison. Our results demonstrate that both FuXi and WXFormer, trained on hybrid sigma-pressure level ERA5 sampled at 6-h intervals, generally achieve better performance than the IFS High-Resolution (IFS HRES) on 10-day forecasts, offering potential improvements in efficiency and accuracy. The modular nature of CREDIT fosters collaboration, enabling researchers to experiment with models, datasets, and training options.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes and impacts of the vulnerable cryosphere 脆弱冰冻圈的变化和影响

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01101-0

Dongliang Luo, Lei Wang, Deliang Chen

引用次数: 0

Substantial shift in phase and amplitude of Indian rainfall beyond 2100 2100年以后印度降雨的相位和幅度发生了实质性的变化

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01126-5

Sahil Sharma, Kyung-Ja Ha, Keith B. Rodgers, Eui-Seok Chung, Sun-Seon Lee, Arjun Babu Nellikkattil

{"title":"Substantial shift in phase and amplitude of Indian rainfall beyond 2100","authors":"Sahil Sharma, Kyung-Ja Ha, Keith B. Rodgers, Eui-Seok Chung, Sun-Seon Lee, Arjun Babu Nellikkattil","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01126-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01126-5","url":null,"abstract":"Future changes in rainfall over India are critically important, given their impact on millions of people and the country’s agriculture. However, most studies focus only on changes up to the year 2100, leaving long-term projections largely unexplored. In this study, we leverage a 10-member ensemble with an Earth system model under relatively strong emissions to examine rainfall changes over India to 2500. Our results show a pronounced weakening of large-scale monsoon circulation after 2100, mainly due to increased atmospheric stability caused by rapid warming in the upper troposphere over land. At the same time, the Indian monsoon system expands significantly to the north and west. The northward expansion is driven by accelerated warming over the Tibetan Plateau, which pushes the low-level monsoonal winds and pressure systems further north. This, along with the development of a strong anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the Bay of Bengal, leads to more consistent upward motion over northern India and a northward expansion of the monsoon. Meanwhile, the westward expansion is linked to uneven warming in the Indian Ocean as the warm pool shifts westwards. These circulation changes, combined with the asymmetric warming pattern, enhance northward moisture transport and contribute to the intensification of rainfall across northwestern and northern India post-2100. These local expressions of large-scale perturbations provide a mechanistic framework for informing long-term mitigation and adaptation efforts for India.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Antarctic ozone in shaping East Asian summer precipitation variability 南极臭氧在塑造东亚夏季降水变率中的作用

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01116-7

Lingaona Zhu, Zhiwei Wu, Bin Wang

{"title":"Role of Antarctic ozone in shaping East Asian summer precipitation variability","authors":"Lingaona Zhu, Zhiwei Wu, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01116-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01116-7","url":null,"abstract":"Most previous studies on the climatic effects of Antarctic ozone have focused primarily on the Southern Hemisphere. This study suggests that September-October Antarctic ozone anomalies account for approximately 12% of the interannual variability in East Asian summer precipitation. The precipitation anomalies linked to the Antarctic ozone index are characterized by increased rainfall between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in central East China and decreased rainfall over Southeastern China. Our analysis reveals that positive Antarctic ozone anomalies during September–October are associated with a negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the subsequent boreal winter. The resulting SAM-related circulation anomalies exert a significant influence on sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the southwestern Indian Ocean, particularly near the Madagascar region. Owing to the ocean’s thermal inertia, these SSTAs persist into the subsequent boreal spring, altering the meridional circulation and leading to anomalous subsidence near 15°N, which in turn results in elevated skin temperature anomalies (SKTAs) over the Indochina Peninsula. Numerical experiments conducted with the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 further confirm the role of southwestern Indian Ocean SSTAs in driving this response. Land memory and positive land–atmosphere feedbacks sustain these SKTAs into boreal summer. Consequently, the SKTAs-induced heating over the Indochina Peninsula enhances the southwesterly monsoon and strengthens precipitation over central East China, as demonstrated by linear baroclinic model experiments. Furthermore, the Specified-Chemistry version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model is used to verify the remote influence of Antarctic ozone anomalies on East Asian summer precipitation. Our findings provide an additional predictor for summer precipitation over East Asia and deepen our understanding of the interhemispheric impacts of Antarctic ozone.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subtropical warming enhances North Pacific midlatitude winter storm track activity in recent decades 近几十年来，副热带变暖增强了北太平洋中纬度冬季风暴路径的活动

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01108-7

Pei-Chun Hsu, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Hao-Jhe Hong, Ying-Ting Chen

{"title":"Subtropical warming enhances North Pacific midlatitude winter storm track activity in recent decades","authors":"Pei-Chun Hsu, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Hao-Jhe Hong, Ying-Ting Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01108-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01108-7","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in storm track intensity and position are key indicators of atmospheric responses to global warming. In this study, we identified a robust northward shift and intensification of midlatitude storm track activity during boreal winters in the North Pacific since the early 1980s. This trend is linked to subtropical tropospheric warming, which has enhanced the midlatitude meridional temperature gradient. This gradient–storm track relationship is evident in both long-term trends and interannual variations. By contrast, Arctic warming weakens near-surface temperature gradients and negatively correlates with storm track activity. Additionally, tropical upper-tropospheric warming appears to strengthen the meridional gradient but induces equatorward shifts in the jet stream and storm track, countering the observed poleward trends. Numerical simulations suggest that the sea surface warming observed in the subtropical North Pacific and Indian Ocean contributes to storm track and circulation changes, providing insights into midlatitude atmospheric dynamics in the context of global warming.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamically downscaled seasonal heat wave projections in the CONUS CONUS中动态缩减的季节性热浪预估

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01055-3

Hannah J. Rubin, Leyuan Zhang, Joshua S. Fu, Deeksha Rastogi, Shih-Chieh Kao, Moetasim Ashfaq

引用次数: 0

A 2°C warming can double the frequency of extreme summer downpours in the Alps 气温上升2摄氏度会使阿尔卑斯山夏季极端暴雨的频率增加一倍

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01081-1

Nadav Peleg, Marika Koukoula, Francesco Marra

引用次数: 0

Aircraft emissions of ultrafine particles characterized by real-world near runway measurements 飞机排放的超细颗粒特征的真实世界近跑道测量

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01095-9

Jeff Maes, Spyros Bezantakos, Luccas K. Kavabata, George Biskos, Irene C. Dedoussi

{"title":"Aircraft emissions of ultrafine particles characterized by real-world near runway measurements","authors":"Jeff Maes, Spyros Bezantakos, Luccas K. Kavabata, George Biskos, Irene C. Dedoussi","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01095-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01095-9","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft emissions of (ultra)fine particles during landing and take-off operations pose increasing human health hazards for airport employees and near-airport communities. Measurements of in-operation aircraft are therefore crucial for characterizing real-world aircraft emissions, and their variability. In this work, we develop an approach that enables the gathering of large quantities of data on real-world aircraft-specific emissions. We use three types of portable PM sensors located ca. 200 m downwind of an operational runway at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, over different seasons, to characterize the plumes from ca. 500 specific operations covering most aircraft types of the global flying fleet. High concentration peaks (in the order of 106 particles/cm3) of sub-25 nm particles are observed in the near field. While departure plumes exhibit higher particle number concentrations than arrival plumes, the values do not necessarily scale with aircraft size or engine thrust rating. We find large variability among aircraft types and engine models, highlighting the importance of incorporating real-world observations when assessing the impacts of aviation on the atmospheric composition and human health.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0