npj Climate and Atmospheric Science最新文献_第2页

The role of sea surface salinity in ENSO forecasting in the 21st century 海面盐度在 21 世纪厄尔尼诺/南方涛动预报中的作用

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00763-6

Haoyu Wang, Shineng Hu, Cong Guan, Xiaofeng Li

{"title":"The role of sea surface salinity in ENSO forecasting in the 21st century","authors":"Haoyu Wang, Shineng Hu, Cong Guan, Xiaofeng Li","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00763-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00763-6","url":null,"abstract":"Significant strides have been made in understanding El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, yet its long-lead prediction remains challenging, especially for the El Niño events after 2000. Sea surface salinity (SSS) is known to affect ENSO development and intensity by influencing ocean stratification and heat redistribution and therefore, when combined with sea surface temperature (SST) data, can potentially enhance ENSO forecast skill. In this study, we develop a deep learning (DL) model that incorporates a multiscale-pyramid structure and spatiotemporal feature extraction blocks, and the model successfully extends effective ENSO forecast lead time to 24 months for 2000–2021 with reduced effect of the spring predictability barrier (SPB). Interpretable methods are then applied to reveal the time-dependent roles of SST and SSS in ENSO forecast. More specifically, SST is critical for short-medium lead forecasts (<1 year), while SSS is important for medium-long lead forecasts (>6 months). Furthermore, we track global SST and SSS spatiotemporal shifts related to subsequent ENSO development, highlighting the importance of ocean inter-basin and tropics-extratropics interactions. With increasing availability of satellite SSS observations, our findings unveil unprecedented potential for advancing ENSO long-lead forecast skills.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00763-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into wet scavenging effects on sulfur and nitrogen containing organic compounds in urban Beijing 北京城市含硫和含氮有机化合物的湿清除效应透视

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00756-5

Chunyan Zhang, Yonghong Wang, Jun Liu, Tianzeng Chen, Wei Huang, Zirui Liu, Biwu Chu, Qingxin Ma, Hong He

{"title":"Insight into wet scavenging effects on sulfur and nitrogen containing organic compounds in urban Beijing","authors":"Chunyan Zhang, Yonghong Wang, Jun Liu, Tianzeng Chen, Wei Huang, Zirui Liu, Biwu Chu, Qingxin Ma, Hong He","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00756-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00756-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur-containing organic compounds (SOCs) and nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) play critical roles in regulating the physical and chemical properties of organic aerosols (OA), while the understanding of them remains limited. Here, the high-resolution real-time measurements of submicron aerosols were conducted in urban Beijing, mainly to investigate wet scavenging effects on the potential formation and evolution mechanism of OA, especially SOCs and NOCs. OA composition transitioned from being primarily SOCs before wet processes to NOCs after wet processes. Further molecular fragments identification suggested SOCs mainly comprised glycolic acid sulfate formed by aqueous-phase processing during the entire observation, and aromatic- and monoterpene-derived SOCs formed by photochemical processing before snowfall. NOCs species were diverse and dominated by highly oxidized amides and amino acids mainly produced by photochemical processing. This study provided an in-depth insight into the potential formation and evolution pathways of SOCs and NOCs in OA in the urban atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00756-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tropical and Antarctic sea ice impacts of observed Southern Ocean warming and cooling trends since 1949 1949 年以来观测到的南大洋变暖和变冷趋势对热带和南极海冰的影响

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00735-w

Xiyue Zhang, Clara Deser

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Global latitudinal patterns in forest ecosystem nitrous oxide emissions are related to hydroclimate 作者更正：森林生态系统氧化亚氮排放的全球纬度模式与水文气候有关

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00753-8

Jiayuan Liao, Wei Zheng, Qiong Liao, Sheng Lu

引用次数: 0

Hygroscopic behavior and aerosol chemistry of atmospheric particles containing organic acids and inorganic salts 含有有机酸和无机盐的大气颗粒的吸湿行为和气溶胶化学性质

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00752-9

Fang Tan, Hongbin Zhang, Kaihui Xia, Bo Jing, Xiaohong Li, Shengrui Tong, Maofa Ge

{"title":"Hygroscopic behavior and aerosol chemistry of atmospheric particles containing organic acids and inorganic salts","authors":"Fang Tan, Hongbin Zhang, Kaihui Xia, Bo Jing, Xiaohong Li, Shengrui Tong, Maofa Ge","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00752-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00752-9","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosol hygroscopic behavior plays a central role in determining climate effects and environmental influence of atmospheric particulates. Water-soluble organic acids (WSOAs) constitute a significant fraction of organic aerosols. These organic acids have a complex impact on aerosol hygroscopicity due to their physical and chemical interactions with atmospheric inorganic salts. The mixing of WSOAs with inorganic salts exerts a multiple influence on the hygroscopic growth and phase behaviors of aerosol particles, largely depending on the composition ratio, acid properties, particle size and interactions between particle components. The WSOAs play a critical role in determining water uptake characteristics of aerosol particles, especially in the low and moderate RH ranges. The previous studies reveal the occurrence of aerosol chemistry related to chloride/nitrate/ammonium depletions in aerosol droplets containing WSOAs and inorganic salts. The potential influence of WSOAs on the atmospheric recycling of HCl/HNO3/NH3 due to the chloride/nitrate/ammonium depletion may contribute to the atmospheric budget of reactive gases. A fundamental understanding for the hygroscopic behavior and aerosol chemistry of inorganic–WSOA systems is essential for the accurate parameterization of aerosol behaviors in atmospheric models. However, there is still lack of a comprehensive understanding of the hygroscopicity and related aerosol chemistry of internally mixed inorganic–WSOA systems. The present review comprehensively summarizes the impacts of WSOAs on hygroscopicity and phase changes of atmospherically relevant inorganic salts in aerosol particles especially under subsaturated conditions, and overviews the recent advances on aerosol chemistry related to the hygroscopic process for the internally mixed inorganic–WSOA aerosols.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00752-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grand dipole response of Asian summer monsoon to orbital forcing 亚洲夏季季风对轨道强迫的大偶极响应

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00749-4

Qin Wen, Zhengyu Liu, Zhaowei Jing, Steven C. Clemens, Yongjin Wang, Mi Yan, Liang Ning, Jian Liu

{"title":"Grand dipole response of Asian summer monsoon to orbital forcing","authors":"Qin Wen, Zhengyu Liu, Zhaowei Jing, Steven C. Clemens, Yongjin Wang, Mi Yan, Liang Ning, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00749-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00749-4","url":null,"abstract":"The coherent continental-wide speleothem water isotope records are accompanied by regionally inconsistent moisture patterns within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region, leaving a disputed explanation of monsoonal hydroclimate variability at the orbital timescale. Here, the transient simulation forced by orbital parameters during the past 300,000 years in an isotope-enabled fully coupled model shows that the complex ASM response can be understood as a grand dipole pattern of oxygen isotope and rainfall between South Asia and Japan, with South China lying in a hybrid transition region. While the dipole monsoon rainfall change between South Asia and Japan is related to the large-scale circulation adjustment in response to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, the dipole oxygen isotope pattern is associated with the changing contribution of moisture sources. Our results provide new clues to reconcile ASM hydroclimate patterns at orbital timescale as revealed by the water isotope records and other hydrological proxies.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00749-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tropical Pacific trends explain the discrepancy between observed and modelled rainfall change over the Americas 热带太平洋趋势解释了美洲降雨量观测变化与模拟变化之间的差异

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00750-x

Weiteng Qiu, Matthew Collins, Adam A. Scaife, Agus Santoso

{"title":"Tropical Pacific trends explain the discrepancy between observed and modelled rainfall change over the Americas","authors":"Weiteng Qiu, Matthew Collins, Adam A. Scaife, Agus Santoso","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00750-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00750-x","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the causes for discrepancies between modelled and observed regional climate trends is important for improving present-day climate simulation and reducing uncertainties in future climate projections. Here, we analyse the performance of coupled climate models in reproducing regional precipitation trends during the satellite era. We find statistically significant observed drying in southwestern North America and wetting in the Amazon during the period 1979–2014. Historical climate model simulations do not capture these observed precipitation trends. We trace this discrepancy to the inability of coupled simulations to capture the observed Pacific trade wind intensification over this period. A linear adjustment of free running historical simulations, based on the observed strengthening of the Pacific trade winds and modeled ENSO teleconnections, explains the discrepancy in precipitation trends. Furthermore, both the Pacific trade wind trends and regional precipitation trends are reproduced in climate simulations with prescribed observed sea surface temperatures (SST), underscoring the role of the tropical Pacific SST patterns.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00750-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dark brown carbon from wildfires: a potent snow radiative forcing agent? 野火产生的深褐色碳：一种有效的雪地辐射强迫因子？

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00738-7

Ganesh S. Chelluboyina, Taveen S. Kapoor, Rajan K. Chakrabarty

引用次数: 0

China coasts facing more tropical cyclone risks during the second decaying summer of double-year La Niña events 在双年拉尼娜现象的第二个衰减夏季，中国沿海面临更多热带气旋风险

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00729-8

Xi Luo, Lei Yang, Johnny C. L. Chan, Sheng Chen, Qihua Peng, Dongxiao Wang

{"title":"China coasts facing more tropical cyclone risks during the second decaying summer of double-year La Niña events","authors":"Xi Luo, Lei Yang, Johnny C. L. Chan, Sheng Chen, Qihua Peng, Dongxiao Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00729-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00729-8","url":null,"abstract":"Long-lasting La Niña events (including double-year and triple-year La Niña events) have become more frequent in recent years. How the multi-year La Niña events affect tropical cyclone (TC) activities in the western North Pacific (WNP) and whether they differ from single-year La Niña events are unknown. Here we show that TCs are more active over the far-WNP (FWNP, 110°–150°E), leading to marked high risks at China coasts during the second decaying summer of double-year La Niña events. The anomalous TC activities are directly related to the enhanced cyclonic anomaly over the FWNP, possibly a result of large-scale remote forcing initiated by the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) cooling. The persistent TNA cooling from the decaying winter to summer of double-year La Niña events drives westerlies over the Indo-western Pacific through Kelvin waves, which induce the cooling over the north Indian Ocean via the wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature effect, favoring the asymmetric heat distribution pattern and stimulating an anomalous vertical circulation over the eastern Indian Ocean to FWNP. The cooling over the north Indian Ocean also excites Gill responses, magnifying the TNA-induced westerlies and boosting the anomalous vertical circulation, and thus gives rise to the strong cyclonic circulation anomaly over the FWNP in summer. We suggest that the key point of the process is the strong TNA cooling related to the persistent negative Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) and positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) while double-year La Niña events decay, distinct from the rapid decline of PNA and NAO during single-year La Niña events. The work provides a unique perspective on understanding TC activities over the WNP related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00729-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land use and cover change accelerated China’s land carbon sinks limits soil carbon 土地利用和植被变化加速中国土地碳汇限制土壤碳汇

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00751-w

Yue Cheng, Peng Luo, Hao Yang, Mingwang Li, Ming Ni, Honglin Li, Yu Huang, Wenwen Xie, Lihuan Wang

{"title":"Land use and cover change accelerated China’s land carbon sinks limits soil carbon","authors":"Yue Cheng, Peng Luo, Hao Yang, Mingwang Li, Ming Ni, Honglin Li, Yu Huang, Wenwen Xie, Lihuan Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00751-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00751-w","url":null,"abstract":"Land use and cover change (LUCC) significantly impacts global carbon cycles and land surface properties, accounting for 25% of the historical atmospheric CO2 increase. We explore a previously overlooked role of LUCC in driving the land carbon cycle by using a three-level meta-analysis and Land Use Harmonization data to drive an ecosystem model. Our findings reveal that a loss of 39.2% of soil organic carbon (SOC) change in China due to LUCC, mitigated by afforestation, doubles gross primary productivity at 0.02 Pg C yr−1, countering central China’s urbanization decline. Indirect climate effects, especially soil bulk density, significantly impact SOC compared to direct climate effects. LUCC has significantly increased the Chinese terrestrial carbon sink, with net ecosystem productivity reaching 0.02 ± 0.12 Pg C yr−1. Our study underscores the importance of reforestation and afforestation in addressing climate change and enhancing carbon sinks in future carbon management.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00751-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0