npj Climate and Atmospheric Science最新文献_第10页

Molecular characterization of atmospheric organic aerosols in typical megacities in China 中国典型特大城市大气有机气溶胶的分子特征

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00784-1

Miaomiao Zhang, Dongmei Cai, Jingxin Lin, Zirui Liu, Mei Li, Yuesi Wang, Jianmin Chen

{"title":"Molecular characterization of atmospheric organic aerosols in typical megacities in China","authors":"Miaomiao Zhang, Dongmei Cai, Jingxin Lin, Zirui Liu, Mei Li, Yuesi Wang, Jianmin Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00784-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00784-1","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric aerosols in megacities impact air quality and public health. However, limited information exists on the detailed molecular composition of organic aerosols in urban areas. This study characterized the molecular composition of organic aerosols (OA) in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, China, during summer and winter of 2021. Liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry detected 4536−5560 and 2067− 3489 organic molecular formulas in positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI−) electrospray ionization modes, respectively. CHO and CHON compounds accounted for over 80% and 60% of total abundance in ESI+ and ESI−, respectively, suggesting their significant contribution to urban OA. The number and abundance percentages of CHO showed obvious seasonal variation, with more CHO in summer than in winter, while CHON exhibited the opposite trend in Beijing and Shanghai. Compared with winter, a lower unsaturation degree, reduced aromaticity, and higher oxidation state of OA in summer were observed in Beijing and Shanghai, while these seasonal variations were not as obvious in Guangzhou, likely due to regional climate differences. The number percentage of common compounds between Beijing and Shanghai was higher than that between Guangzhou and Beijing (or Shanghai). Nitroaromatic compounds were more prevalent in winter than in summer. Further analysis of atmospheric formation relevance and precursor-product pairs suggested that CHON compounds are derived from the oxidization or hydrolyzation processes, revealing potential chemical transformations of these aerosols. This study characterized the chemical makeup of organic aerosols, providing insight into their sources and characteristics in these cities.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00784-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global climate change below 2 °C avoids large end century increases in burned area in Canada 全球气候变化低于 2 °C 可避免加拿大烧毁面积在本世纪末大幅增加

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00781-4

Salvatore R. Curasi, Joe R. Melton, Vivek K. Arora, Elyn R. Humphreys, Cynthia H. Whaley

引用次数: 0

Shear lines trigger heavy rainfalls in the Philippines during the winter monsoon 切变线引发菲律宾冬季季风期间的强降雨

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00780-5

Sheilla Mae Reyes, Seungyeon Lee, Seon Ki Park

引用次数: 0

“Citius, altius, fortius” in the face of global warming: not as simple as it seems 面对全球变暖，"Citius、altius、fortius"：并不像看上去那么简单

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00774-3

Franck Brocherie, Olivier Girard, Adèle Mornas, Janne Bouten, Grégoire P. Millet

引用次数: 0

A hybrid approach for skillful multiseasonal prediction of winter North Pacific blocking 巧妙预测冬季北太平洋阻塞的多季节混合方法

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00767-2

Mingyu Park, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Jaeyoung Hwang, Liwei Jia

{"title":"A hybrid approach for skillful multiseasonal prediction of winter North Pacific blocking","authors":"Mingyu Park, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Jaeyoung Hwang, Liwei Jia","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00767-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00767-2","url":null,"abstract":"Wintertime atmospheric blocking often brings adverse environmental and socioeconomic impacts through its accompanying temperature and precipitation extremes. However, due to the chaotic nature of the extratropical atmospheric circulation and the challenges in simulating blocking, the skillful seasonal prediction of blocking remains elusive. In this study, we leverage both observational data and seasonal hindcasts from a state-of-the-art seasonal prediction system to investigate the prediction skill of North Pacific wintertime blocking frequency and its linkage to downstream cold extremes. The observational results show that North Pacific blocking has a local maximum over the central North Pacific Ocean and that the occurrence of North Pacific blocking drives significant cold anomalies over northwestern North America within a week, which are both well reproduced by the model. The model skillfully predicts the western North Pacific blocking frequency near the subtropical jet exit region at the shortest forecast lead, but skill drops off rapidly with lead time partly due to model drift in the background flow. To overcome this rapid drop in skill, we develop a linear hybrid dynamical-statistical model that uses the forecasted Niño 3.4 index and upstream precipitation as predictors and that maintains significant forecast skill of high-latitude North Pacific blocking up to 7 lead months in advance. Our results indicate that an improvement in the seasonal prediction skill of winter North Pacific blocking frequency may be achieved by the enhanced representation of the links among sea surface temperature anomalies, tropical convection, and the ensuing tropical-extratropical interaction that initiates North Pacific blocking.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00767-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accurate initial field estimation for weather forecasting with a variational constrained neural network 利用变分约束神经网络为天气预报提供精确的初始场估算

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00776-1

Wuxin Wang, Jinrong Zhang, Qingguo Su, Xingyu Chai, Jingze Lu, Weicheng Ni, Boheng Duan, Kaijun Ren

{"title":"Accurate initial field estimation for weather forecasting with a variational constrained neural network","authors":"Wuxin Wang, Jinrong Zhang, Qingguo Su, Xingyu Chai, Jingze Lu, Weicheng Ni, Boheng Duan, Kaijun Ren","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00776-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00776-1","url":null,"abstract":"Weather forecasting is crucial for scientific research and society. Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have achieved significant advancements in medium-range weather forecasting. However, they generally depend on the initial fields generated by the computationally expensive four-dimensional variational (4DVar) data assimilation (DA) technique, which limits their real-time applicability in multivariate three-dimensional (3D) weather forecasting. Here we propose 4DVarFormer by exploring the potential of integrating the 4DVar constraint into an attention-based neural network. 4DVarFormer eliminates the need for background error covariance statistics and the complex adjoint model development. It can generate multivariate 3D weather states within 0.37 s. Moreover, 4DVarFormer can capture inter-variable relationships, allowing the assimilation of observed variables to correct unobserved variables. Hence, medium-range forecasts initiated by 4DVarFormer outperform those of DL-based DA methods and achieve performance comparable to the forecasts initiated by ERA5 reanalyses. These promising findings contribute to future advancements in integrated end-to-end DL weather forecasting systems.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00776-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-year La Niña frequency tied to southward tropical Pacific wind shift 多年期拉尼娜现象的频发与热带太平洋风向南移有关

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00772-5

Guojian Wang, Agus Santoso

引用次数: 0

Pronounced spatial disparity of projected heatwave changes linked to heat domes and land-atmosphere coupling 与热穹和陆地-大气耦合有关的预计热浪变化的明显空间差异

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00779-y

Fenying Cai, Caihong Liu, Dieter Gerten, Song Yang, Tuantuan Zhang, Shuheng Lin, Jürgen Kurths

{"title":"Pronounced spatial disparity of projected heatwave changes linked to heat domes and land-atmosphere coupling","authors":"Fenying Cai, Caihong Liu, Dieter Gerten, Song Yang, Tuantuan Zhang, Shuheng Lin, Jürgen Kurths","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00779-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00779-y","url":null,"abstract":"Heatwaves are projected to substantially increase at a global scale, exacerbating worldwide heat-related risks in the future. However, understanding future heterogeneous heatwave changes and their origins remains challenging. By analyzing the output of various climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, we found pronounced spatial disparity of projected heatwave increases in the Northern Hemisphere, even outstretching seven-fold inter-regional differences in extreme heatwave occurrences, attributed primarily to future changes in heat-dome-like circulations and soil moisture–temperature coupling. Specifically, we found that by the end of the 21st century, the modulations of combined Pacific El Niño and positive Pacific Meridional Mode on magnified heat-dome-like circulations would be translated into summertime hotspots over western Asia and western North America. Amplified soil moisture–temperature couplings then further aggravate the heatwave intensity over these two hotspots. This study provides support for formulating impact-based mitigation strategies and efficiently addressing the potential future risks of heatwaves.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00779-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New perspectives on temperate inland wetlands as natural climate solutions under different CO2-equivalent metrics 不同二氧化碳当量指标下温带内陆湿地作为自然气候解决方案的新视角

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00778-z

Shizhou Ma, Irena F. Creed, Pascal Badiou

{"title":"New perspectives on temperate inland wetlands as natural climate solutions under different CO2-equivalent metrics","authors":"Shizhou Ma, Irena F. Creed, Pascal Badiou","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00778-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00778-z","url":null,"abstract":"There is debate about the use of wetlands as natural climate solutions due to their ability to act as a “double-edged sword” with respect to climate impacts by both sequestering CO2 while emitting CH4. Here, we used a process-based greenhouse gas (GHG) perturbation model to simulate wetland radiative forcing and temperature change associated with wetland state conversion over 500 years based on empirical carbon flux measurements, and CO2-equivalent (CO2-e.q.) metrics to assess the net flux of GHGs from wetlands on a comparable basis. Three CO2-e.q. metrics were used to describe the relative radiative impact of CO2 and CH4—the conventional global warming potential (GWP) that looks at pulse GHG emissions over a fixed timeframe, the sustained-flux GWP (SGWP) that looks at sustained GHG emissions over a fixed timeframe, and GWP* that explicitly accounts for changes in the radiative forcing of CH4 over time (initially more potent but then diminishing after about a decade)—against model-derived mean temperature profiles. GWP* most closely estimated the mean temperature profiles associated with net wetland GHG emissions. Using the GWP*, intact wetlands serve as net CO2-e.q. carbon sinks and deliver net cooling effects on the climate. Prioritizing the conservation of intact wetlands is a cost-effective approach with immediate climate benefits that align with the Paris Agreement and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change timeline of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. Restoration of wetlands also has immediate climate benefits (reduced warming), but with the majority of climate benefits (cooling) occurring over longer timescales, making it an effective short and long-term natural climate solution with additional co-benefits.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00778-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of five global AI models for predicting weather in Eastern Asia and Western Pacific 评估用于预测东亚和西太平洋地区天气的五个全球人工智能模型

IF 8.5 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00769-0

Cheng-Chin Liu, Kathryn Hsu, Melinda S. Peng, Der-Song Chen, Pao-Liang Chang, Ling-Feng Hsiao, Chin-Tzu Fong, Jing-Shan Hong, Chia-Ping Cheng, Kuo-Chen Lu, Chia-Rong Chen, Hung-Chi Kuo

{"title":"Evaluation of five global AI models for predicting weather in Eastern Asia and Western Pacific","authors":"Cheng-Chin Liu, Kathryn Hsu, Melinda S. Peng, Der-Song Chen, Pao-Liang Chang, Ling-Feng Hsiao, Chin-Tzu Fong, Jing-Shan Hong, Chia-Ping Cheng, Kuo-Chen Lu, Chia-Rong Chen, Hung-Chi Kuo","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00769-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00769-0","url":null,"abstract":"Recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has resulted in the fruition of machine learning-based weather prediction (MLWP) systems. Five prominent global MLWP model, Pangu-Weather, FourCastNet v2 (FCN2), GraphCast, FuXi, and FengWu, emerged. This study conducts a homogeneous comparison of these models utilizing identical initial conditions from ERA5. The performance is evaluated in the Eastern Asia and Western Pacific from June to November 2023. The evaluation comprises Root Mean Square Error and Anomaly Correlation Coefficients within the designated region, typhoon track and intensity predictions, and a case study for Typhoon Haikui. Results indicate that FengWu emerges as the best-performing model, followed by FuXi and GraphCast, with FCN2 and Pangu-Weather ranking lower. A multi-model ensemble, constructed by averaging predictions from the five models, demonstrates superior performance, rivaling that of FengWu. For the 11 typhoons in 2023, FengWu demonstrates the most accurate track prediction; however, it also has the largest intensity errors.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00769-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0