Polar Science最新文献

Community perspectives inform coastal marine ecosystem research in northwestern Greenland 格陵兰西北部沿海海洋生态系统研究中的社区观点

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101112

Mayuko Otsuki, Shin Sugiyama

{"title":"Community perspectives inform coastal marine ecosystem research in northwestern Greenland","authors":"Mayuko Otsuki, Shin Sugiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2024.101112","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the world, affecting the natural environment ecosystem and society. Because human society utilizes coastal areas and relies on marine resources for living, research is needed to study human impacts on the coastal marine ecosystem as well as the influence of the changing ecosystem on society. To better understand the changing coastal environments and the impact on society, we performed multidisciplinary research in Qaanaaq, northwestern Greenland. To share and discuss our research results, we organized workshops with residents in Qaanaaq from 2016 to 2019, and in 2022 and 2023. One workshop topic of intense discussion was the summer distribution of Greenland halibut (), because of its socio-economic importance in the region. Another point of interest for the residents was the potential presence of pollution on the beach, as a result of the nearby village. Residents voiced concern about the accumulation of heavy metals in spp. (blue mussel) because residents catch mussels near the dump site. Close collaboration with residents as well as co-design and direction of the research is increasingly important for researchers to contribute to a sustainable future for populations living in the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russia lacks the financial resources to improve living standards in the Arctic: A case of the Sakha Republic 俄罗斯缺乏提高北极地区生活水平的财政资源：萨哈共和国的案例

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101051

{"title":"Russia lacks the financial resources to improve living standards in the Arctic: A case of the Sakha Republic","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This paper focuses on the Sakha Republic in the Russian Far East as one of the Arctic regions. Russia's Arctic policy gives priority to improving the living standard and quality of life of Arctic inhabitants. I examine the feasibility of Russia's Arctic policy in the context of economic and social situation in the Sakha Republic and fiscal capacity of local governments, which are responsible for the provision of social public services. The Arctic region is an important ‘donor’ for the Russian economy, which can bring abundant tax revenues to the state budget. However, it has not been considered enough if this wealth contributes to the sustainable development of Arctic societies. This paper provides an overview of Russia's Arctic policy, followed by an analysis of the socio-economic situation in the Sakha Republic after the collapse of the USSR. Then, local public service provision and its finance is analyzed based on the fiscal statistics of the Republic. I conclude that local governments face difficulties in enhancing their public services due to a lack of financial resources and absence of decision-making autonomy, because of centralization in the past decades.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal changes in iodine-129 and radiocesium in the Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean between 1993 and 2020 1993-2020 年间北冰洋加拿大海盆中碘-129 和放射性铯的时间变化

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101071

{"title":"Temporal changes in iodine-129 and radiocesium in the Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean between 1993 and 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The Arctic Ocean plays an important role in global climate and global warming through freshwater and heat exchange with subarctic waters. A better understanding of circulation time scales in the Arctic Ocean is essential to predict changes in climate and biogeochemical cycling in the Arctic Ocean. 129I and 137Cs, which have been discharged from the nuclear fuel-reprocessing facilities, have been employed to determine the time scale of the circulation in the Arctic Ocean. However, its temporal change has not been understood well. In 2017, 2019, and 2020, we measured 129I and 137Cs in the Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Using our new and historical data, we discuss temporal changes in the circulation in the basin between 1993 and 2020. The tracer ages derived from the 129I/137Cs ratio indicate that the transport of the Atlantic water into the Canada Basin was accelerated in 2020. This is consistent with results of recent studies that indicated the intensified inflow of the Atlantic water into the eastern Arctic Ocean in the late 2010s, which is termed “atlantification”. Our results confirmed the “atlantification” in the Canada Basin by temporal changes in the transient tracers for the first time.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965224000409/pdfft?md5=8643431f6cdeb965a42b67b83c174cbf&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965224000409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and discrimination of tundra plant leaves by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 通过衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱分析苔原植物叶片的特征和鉴别方法

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101037

{"title":"Characterization and discrimination of tundra plant leaves by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the biochemical fingerprint of plants, but its applicability to tundra plant leaves has yet to be addressed. The present study aimed to apply ATR-FTIR measurement to characterize tundra plant leaves and to discriminate these among plant species with different growth forms. The ATR-FTIR spectra in the fingerprint region (1800–800 cm−1) of live and dead leaves from 14 tundra plant species of shrubs, forbs, graminoids, and mosses showed a variability in overall appearance among plant species and a degree of similarity between live and dead leaves of the same plant species. Four highest peaks were found at 1637–1575 cm−1, 1452–1406 cm−1, 1325–1313 cm−1, and 1058–1022 cm−1 in these spectra and are attributed to chemical features of lignin, cellulose, and/or oxalate. Principal component analyses showed that leaves of Oxyria digyna and other forbs had distinctive spectral characteristics attributable to the content of oxalate and other putative compounds and that contents of lignin relative to cellulose were generally greater in shrubs than in graminoids and mosses. These results demonstrated that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is useful for future applications in polar biology and ecology, for example the description of functional traits of arctic plants and decomposition processes by microbes.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural visual anthropology: Beyond repatriation, exploring indigenous and non-indigenous exchanges 跨境视觉人类学：超越遣返，探索土著与非土著交流

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101105

{"title":"Cross-cultural visual anthropology: Beyond repatriation, exploring indigenous and non-indigenous exchanges","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Collaboration is critical concept in Arctic anthropology, in which indigenous people participate not just as research subjects but as collaborative partners in advancing scientific knowledge. The trans-disciplinary approach develops new conceptual, theoretical, and methodological innovations that transcend discipline-specific boundaries. Such innovations facilitate engagement between indigenous and non-indigenous stakeholders in addressing real-world challenges. This paper documents several Siberian ethnography exhibitions organized by the authors and evaluates their anthropological and social significance. Historically, anthropological discourse has championed using visual materials as tools for cultural interventions aimed at societal transformation. Building upon this foundation, this study explores the challenges of both the Russian Arctic and Asian contexts. The article guides the readers to reconsider conventional anthropological perspectives and methods of collaborating both with the indigenous and non-indigenous partners. By outlining the authors experiences in involving local stakeholders across different countries in these exhibitions, they illuminate the impact of the exhibitions on diverse cultural contexts. As cross-cultural visual anthropology endeavors, the exhibits redefine the meaning of ethnographical snapshots as scientific knowledge and go beyond repatriating indigenous cultures or sharing research outcomes with the broader society. The cross-cultural exhibition is becoming a novel research modality and a tool for fostering social interactions.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prospects for the development of the Northern Sea Route after February 2022: An analysis of Russia's policy in the new conditions 2022 年 2 月后北方航道的发展前景：新形势下俄罗斯的政策分析

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101054

引用次数: 0

How does a dynamic surface roughness affect snowpack modeling? 动态表面粗糙度对雪堆建模有何影响？

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101110

{"title":"How does a dynamic surface roughness affect snowpack modeling?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The SNOWPACK model is a cryosphere model which incorporates several environmental model parameters, one of which being the aerodynamic roughness length (z0). The z0 is considered a static parameter, however, research has shown that the z0 of the surface is variable due to the changing nature of the snowpack surface throughout the winter season. This study highlights the sensitivity of the z0 within the SNOWPACK model based on the outputs of sublimation, SWE, and sensible heat. The z0 values were calculated in two ways, anemometrically (z0-A), using a wind profile, and geometrically (z0-G), measuring surface geometry. Calculated z0-A values were between 1.03 × 10−6 to 0.12 m. The z0-G values were calculated from a terrestrial lidar scan using various resolution values of post-process resolutions. These resolutions of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 m resulted in z0-G values of 0.26, 0.08, and 0.01 m, respectively. Therefore, as the resolution coarsened, the z0-G values decreased. Lastly, these calculated z0-G values, a variable run, using weekly measured z0-G values, and 0.002 (SNOWPACK default), 0.02, and 0.2 m values were incorporated into the SNOWPACK model. When applied, cumulative sublimation, SWE, and sensible heat outputs varied by 131%, −71%, and −49%, when compared to the default z0 value used within the model.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of varying temperature increases on the microbial community of Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost 不同温度升高对更新世和全新世永久冻土微生物群落的影响

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101096

{"title":"Effect of varying temperature increases on the microbial community of Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The total area covered by permafrost has been continually decreasing over the past decades. This study investigates the effect of various temperature increases on the microbiome of permafrost sampled at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) Permafrost Tunnel site in Fox, Alaska, USA, corresponding to the Holocene (around 8000 years before present (ybp)) and Pleistocene (around 36,000 ybp), respectively. The soil was subjected to two thawing time courses, with temperature increasing from −4 °C to either +4 °C or +25 °C, and total nucleic acid was extracted at each time point. Consistent with previous 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies on the Permafrost Tunnel, the Pleistocene was dominated by Clostridia, while the Holocene was mainly composed of Clostridia, Bacteroidia and Alphaproteobacteria at −4 °C. Thawing at +25 °C resulted in divergent microbial profiles for permafrost of both ages, with the Pleistocene becoming more similar to the active layer, while the Holocene was relatively less impacted. Prediction of metabolic function revealed that bacteria from the Holocene permafrost activated degradation pathways upon thawing at +25 °C, while bacteria from the Pleistocene were more involved in amino-acid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting different mechanisms of adaptation.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrieving compressive sea ice strength in the Beaufort Sea using the inverse visco-plastic model 利用反粘弹性模型检索波弗特海的海冰抗压强度

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101107

{"title":"Retrieving compressive sea ice strength in the Beaufort Sea using the inverse visco-plastic model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>We apply a simplified 2d Visco-Plastic (VP) sea ice model with a spatially variable representation of the sea ice rheological parameters for retrieving maximum compressive sea ice strength from satellite and in situ observations. A set of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) demonstrates feasibility of optimizing rheological parameter of the VP sea ice model through the variational data assimilation approach during the periods of strong sea ice convergence if accurate sea ice observations are available. Following this strategy, the developed variational data assimilation VP model was applied to the sea ice velocity (https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0116/versions/4<svg><path></path></svg>), sea ice concentration (https://nsidc.org/data/<svg><path></path></svg>) and CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness observations collected in the vicinity of three moorings in the Beaufort Sea during periods of intensive sea ice convergence. Ice velocities from moorings and atmospheric wind speed (NCEP-NCAR) were used as well. Our results show that conventional maximum compressive sea ice strength (Hibler, 1979) may depend on sea ice thickness or other parameters partly controlled by the sea ice thickness, which is driven by the seasonal cycle.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Traveling exhibition project in the Western Siberian region of Russia: On the river ecology of the Ob River and its tributaries 俄罗斯西伯利亚西部地区巡回展览项目：鄂毕河及其支流的河流生态

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101094

引用次数: 0