Polar Science最新文献_第2页

Food life history and cold storage in Greater Beringia. Part I: Preliminary interdisciplinary investigation 大白令陆的食物生活史和冷藏第一部分：初步跨学科调查

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101092

{"title":"Food life history and cold storage in Greater Beringia. Part I: Preliminary interdisciplinary investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold storage of food using a natural cold environment (i.e., frozen ground, ice, snow, and freezing air) is globally found to be compatible with the local environment, and within the cultural traditions of communities. Our interdisciplinary project, focusing on four areas from Beringia (Alaska and easternmost Siberia) to the middle latitudes (Mongolia and Japan) of the northern hemisphere, aims to 1) document the variations and commonalities in the history, present situations, and future concerns of cold storage facilities, 2) review the roles and functionalities of the practice through the “Food Life History” concept, a new framework to address local food issues in a global context on the history of interactions between humanity and the environment, and 3) co-produce knowledge and strategies to facilitate cold storage practices for local adaptation to environmental and economic challenges. In this preliminary study conducted from 2021 to 2023, we initiated communication with local leaders and knowledge-bearers, examined current conditions, and installed temperature monitors in cold storage structures where available. The results illustrate the presence of practices of various types, specifications, and conditions, commonly challenged by environmental changes both natural (e.g., permafrost thawing and ground wetting) and social (e.g., modern technologies, education, and economy).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965224000756/pdfft?md5=2e74c87de068c258a293a11fd49b5d12&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965224000756-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the sustainability of remote arctic communities with high-energy-efficiency houses 用高能效房屋改善北极偏远社区的可持续性

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101101

Osawa Hisato , Satoshi Oike , Taro Mori

{"title":"Improving the sustainability of remote arctic communities with high-energy-efficiency houses","authors":"Osawa Hisato , Satoshi Oike , Taro Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Qaanaaq, a remote community in Greenland, faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) due to its extremely high heating demands, reliance on diesel fuel, limited transportation options, declining population, and shortage of skilled labor in the construction industry. Addressing these issues is particularly complex due to the harsh climate and limited resources. In this study, we propose a strategy to achieve SDGs in Qaanaaq by replacing 263 single-family homes with 66 highly insulated multi-family nearly zero-energy apartment houses (n-ZEAHs) and installing rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Simulation results indicate that replacing homes with n-ZEAHs could reduce annual heating energy consumption by 9575 MWh and that the rooftop PV systems could offset approximately 57% of annual electricity sales, significantly improving Qaanaaq's energy security. However, field measurements revealed that indoor humidity in n-ZEAHs was low and that CO<sub>2</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> levels occasionally exceeded standards. Additionally, the rooftop PV systems may not fully meet monthly electricity demands during certain seasons. To address these issues, it will be necessary to introduce appropriate ventilation systems and consider the implementation of combined systems that integrate other renewable energy sources and batteries. Given the limited availability of skilled technicians in Qaanaaq, simple and user-friendly systems are preferred. The findings of this study provide valuable insights on how to achieve SDGs in cold and remote climate communities like Qaanaaq.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cold winds in the north: Three perspectives on the impact of Russia's war in Ukraine on security and international relations in the Arctic 北方寒风凛冽：从三个角度看俄罗斯乌克兰战争对北极地区安全和国际关系的影响

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101050

{"title":"Cold winds in the north: Three perspectives on the impact of Russia's war in Ukraine on security and international relations in the Arctic","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The article presents three perspectives on how Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has impacted international relations and security in the Arctic: a North European, a pan-Arctic and a Japanese-</span><em>cum</em><span>-North Pacific. We find a significant impact on the security situation in Northern Europe, including the European Arctic, notably in the Finish and Swedish decisions to join NATO. The consequences have been more limited from the circumpolar Arctic perspective, with the interruption of cooperation in the Arctic Council and in the international use of the Northern Sea Route as the most significant. Also from the Japanese perspective, the direct impact of the war has been more limited than in Northern Europe. Our analysis of Japan confirms, however, that both Arctic states and stakeholders seem to have adopted a wait and see approach to key issues, notably the future of the Arctic Council. The aim is likely to preserve the important gains made in Arctic governance in the last decades. How much reengagement with Russia will be politically palatable, and how long Russia's constructive approach to Arctic cooperation will last, remains to be seen, however. The political winds in the north are cold, but like the climate, not as cold as one could expect.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139554998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can dwarf birch (Betula nana) growth rings be used as indicators of permafrost degradation? 矮桦树（Betula nana）的生长年轮能否用作永久冻土退化的指标？

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101098

H.W. Linderholm , C. Leifsson , M. Fuentes , M.P. Björkman

{"title":"Can dwarf birch (Betula nana) growth rings be used as indicators of permafrost degradation?","authors":"H.W. Linderholm , C. Leifsson , M. Fuentes , M.P. Björkman","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accelerating Arctic permafrost thaw results in increasing methane emissions affecting regional and global climates, but the rate of permafrost disappearance can be difficult to estimate with remote sensing, field surveys and modelling. Here we investigate if the annual growth rings of the shrub <em>Betula nana</em> (dwarf birch) may be used to detect and monitor near-surface permafrost degradation. Whole <em>B. nana</em> samples were collected at Latnjajávri and Corrvosjávri, northernmost Sweden, and their annual growth rings were analysed regarding their potential as permafrost indicators. Permafrost disappeared in Latnjajávri between 1993 and 2001, whereas Corrvosjávri lost its frozen ground decades earlier. Annual growth rings from more than twenty <em>B. nana</em> shrubs at each site were measured and crossdated by serial sectioning, and then averaged into two separate shrub-ring chronologies. Growth rates were higher at Corrvosjávri than at Latnjajávri. Analysing the 1972–2015 period disclosed a stronger climate-growth relationship at Corrvosjávri, with significant correlations with summer temperatures. In Latnjajávri the association with climate was much weaker before the permafrost disappeared, but afterwards reached similar levels as at Corrvosjávri. Our results suggest that changes in the <em>B. nana</em> growth-climate relationship may be used to indicate permafrost degradation. Moreover, the strong correlation between summer temperature and shrub growth after disappearance of permafrost supports previous research that <em>B. nana</em> ring widths are useful climate proxies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965224000811/pdfft?md5=7693a727c40373d6f87e86c1bcaaae25&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965224000811-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A research on the Turkish shipyards in the Arctic: Opportunities and challenges 北极地区土耳其造船厂研究：机遇与挑战

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101100

Ebru Caymaz

{"title":"A research on the Turkish shipyards in the Arctic: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Ebru Caymaz","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Arctic region has been experiencing an extensive transformation and several economic opportunities have emerged due to the shrinking sea ice. While the Arctic Ocean has become more convenient for navigation, both Arctic and non-Arctic states have updated their Arctic policies according to recent developments. There has been a substantial increase in the number of studies studying three main Arctic sea routes: Northwest Passage (NWP), Northeast Passage (NEP), and Trans-Polar Sea Route (TSR). Albeit the existence of contradictory results, the interest in Arctic shipping presents a growing trend. The Turkish shipyards increasingly participate in tenders as well. While Çelik Tekne Shipyard stands out as the first Turkish shipyard to win the shipbuilding tender in accordance with polar conditions, a significant increase has been observed in the number of shipyards within the Arctic shipping tenders since 2018. In addition to Atlas and Akdeniz Shipyards, producing ice-class vehicles in accordance with the requirements of the Polar Code, it is possible to multiply examples from Beşiktaş Shipyard, which built ice class fuel ships, Sanmar Shipyard, which won the icebreaker tugboat tender, and Sefine and Kuzey Star Shipyards, which participated in the icebreaker tenders. Besides, the participation of Turkish shipyards as sole contractors in the Russian Arctic as of 2021 indicates their determination to become active actors in the Arctic shipping industry. Accordingly, this paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of Arctic shipping based on the Turkish case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subnational governments and non-state actors in environmental governance: Japan, Russia, and the Northern fur seal 环境治理中的国家以下各级政府和非国家行为者：日本、俄罗斯和北方海狗

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101099

M. Lomaeva , J. Saunavaara , Y. Mitani , T. Nakajima

{"title":"Subnational governments and non-state actors in environmental governance: Japan, Russia, and the Northern fur seal","authors":"M. Lomaeva , J. Saunavaara , Y. Mitani , T. Nakajima","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 put to test the North Pacific regional governance structure, with environmental cooperation overshadowed by security concerns. In this paper, the central government, subnational and non-state actors' potential in finding ways out of environmental governance crises is explored. The authors turn for possible clues to the Northern fur seal conservation and management regimes, which existed in 1911–40 and 1957–84 and laid the groundwork for marine wildlife conservation and management in the North Pacific, in the century replete with military conflicts and international tension. The focus is on Japan and Russia's subnational and non-state actors (private companies, experts, NGOs and indigenous communities), who have received much less attention than their US and Canadian counterparts. Their roles in negotiation, operation and dismantlement of these regimes, are analyzed in domestic and international contexts by applying Putnam's “two-level game” metaphor. Their motives and tactics, interconnections and clout are examined in the light of both states' domestic and foreign policy goals and constraints, and regional and global trends in environmental governance. The recent multi-actor undertakings for marine mammal conservation and management in Japan and Russia are also explored from the multilevel governance perspective. It is hoped that the current diplomatic deadlock may be overcome by utilizing sub-state and supra-state frameworks and channels for communication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First observations on airborne prokaryotes in a subArctic Atlantic marine area 在亚北极大西洋海域首次观测到空气中的原核生物

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101104

Maurizio Azzaro , Carmen Rizzo , Giovanna Maimone , Maria Papale , Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo , Angelina Lo Giudice , Alessandro Cosenza , Matteo Feltracco , Maya Petricciuolo , Ermanno Federici , Vito Vitale

{"title":"First observations on airborne prokaryotes in a subArctic Atlantic marine area","authors":"Maurizio Azzaro , Carmen Rizzo , Giovanna Maimone , Maria Papale , Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo , Angelina Lo Giudice , Alessandro Cosenza , Matteo Feltracco , Maya Petricciuolo , Ermanno Federici , Vito Vitale","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among extreme environments, bioaerosol includes a wide range of primary atmospheric organic particles associated with and emitted by living and dead organisms. Bioaerosol samples were collected along two transects at a subArctic Atlantic spatial scale, including the eastern Fram Strait and the Greenland, Norwegian, and North Seas. This study was aimed at first estimating microscopically the prokaryotic abundance, biomass and phenotypic traits, along with the number of potential viable and respiring cells. Moreover, physiological profiles at community level were assessed. Prokaryotic abundance ranged from 10<sup>4</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup> cells m<sup>−3</sup>, with the predominance of small sized cells (0.1 μm<sup>3</sup>). Prokaryotic biomass reached higher values (mean value 233 μg C m<sup>−3</sup>) in relation to the occurrence of large sized rods. Overall, the percentage of the viable cells was lower than the dead ones, while respiring cells were in lower abundance than total cells. The physiological profiles revealed various potential metabolic pathways among the samples, highlighting the utilization of phosphate-carbon, carboxylic and amino acids. These first results on the metabolism and physiology of microbes, which survived transport in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, suggest that bioaerosol constitutes an extremely dynamic environment of remarkable ecological interest, also considering future global warming scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brood patch size as a field indicator for feather mercury concentration, but not plastic ingestion, in a harvested seabird of the high Arctic: The little auk Alle alle 育雏区大小是北极高纬度地区被捕获海鸟羽毛汞浓度的现场指标，而不是塑料摄入量的现场指标：小鸥 Alle alle

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101053

{"title":"Brood patch size as a field indicator for feather mercury concentration, but not plastic ingestion, in a harvested seabird of the high Arctic: The little auk Alle alle","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Northwest Greenland societies substantially rely on subsistence harvest, a part of which consists of little auks (</span><em>Alle alle</em>), an abundant seabird in the Arctic. Although little auks inhabit remote regions, they are prone to accumulating mercury (Hg) in their tissues and ingesting plastics from their environment while feeding. This entails a broad array of health-related issues, from the birds themselves to their local predators including humans. Here, we examined whether Hg and plastic contamination in little auks were influenced by the birds' age class and breeding status, mirrored by brood patch presence and size. Feather Hg concentrations were higher in birds with large brood patches (adults, currently breeding), compared to younger or non-breeding birds. Feather Hg concentrations also positively correlated with nitrogen stable isotope values in feathers, indicative of trophic position fed in the previous summer. Among the 13 examined auks’ gastrointestinal tract, two (15.4 %) contained large polyethylene fragments (6.55 × 4.10 mm, 49.45 mg on average); their occurrence was not found to relate to brood patch size. Although future research is needed on Hg accumulation in internal tissues, our results suggest that consuming adult little auks and the birds' gastrointestinal tracts may increase health-related risks for Arctic communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional ensemble of CMIP6 global climate models for Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Northern Eurasia 欧亚大陆北部萨哈（雅库特）共和国 CMIP6 全球气候模型区域集合

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101066

{"title":"Regional ensemble of CMIP6 global climate models for Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Northern Eurasia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Future climate projections based on multi-model ensemble approach are seen as more reliable, but not all models are equally performant at reproducing climate features at a regional scale. An optimal regional GCM ensemble was developed for Sakha (Yakutia) Republic based on error statistics and spatial correlation metrics. Historical Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, version 6 (CMIP6) simulations from 48 global climate models (GCMs) were used to evaluate model quality compared to mean annual air temperature (MAAT) reanalysis data for 1961–1990, 1971–2000 and 1981–2010 reference periods, and the MAAT change between 1961-1990 and 1981–2010, ΔT</span><sub>81-61</sub>. The best-performing reanalysis, GHCN-CAMS, was validated using observational data. This five-member ensemble includes CESM2-WACCM, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6-1-HR, INM-CM5-0, MPI-ESM1-2-HR models, weighted by Pearson's coefficient of spatial correlation between observed and modeled ΔT<sub>81-61</sub><span> fields. Model weighting based on spatial correlation metrics improved the performance of the developed multi-model regional ensemble, which can be used in projecting future climate under different climate change scenarios.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140127674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlling factors of spatiotemporal variations in black carbon concentrations over the Arctic region by using a WRF/CMAQ simulation on the Northern Hemisphere scale 利用北半球尺度的 WRF/CMAQ 模拟分析北极地区黑碳浓度时空变化的控制因素

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101093

{"title":"Controlling factors of spatiotemporal variations in black carbon concentrations over the Arctic region by using a WRF/CMAQ simulation on the Northern Hemisphere scale","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Black carbon (BC) aerosol, released into the atmosphere from fuel combustion and </span>biomass burning, is known to be an important short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) because it efficiently absorbs solar radiation and directly heats the atmosphere. Because its accumulation on snow and ice promotes their melting, BC is an important driver of warming, particularly in the Arctic region. Observed surface BC concentrations in the Arctic region show typical seasonal variations, increasing during the winter and spring and decreasing during the warmer season with some peak events in few months of summer, along with large interannual variations. The present study investigates the primary factors influencing the differences in the spatiotemporal surface concentrations of BC in the Arctic region by performing a hemispheric-scale air-quality simulation for the years 2015 and 2016. The model reasonably simulates the observed BC concentration levels and their seasonal patterns, as well as their differences between these two years. This study shows that large year-to-year variability in BC-rich air-mass pathways, such as long-range transport from surrounding regions, and besides these air-mass stagnation within the Arctic region, influence the differences in the Arctic BC concentrations between 2015 and 2016. In addition, the Arctic BC concentrations were also controlled by interannual variations in the amount and distribution of emissions due to the size and the location of open fires, including both Asian </span>crop residue<span> burning in spring and boreal forest fires in summer.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0