Polar Science最新文献_第2页

Neoproterozoic crustal evolution of Rayner province, East Antarctica: New insight from subglacial drilling 东南极洲雷纳省新元古代地壳演化：冰下钻探的新见解

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101314

Ilnur Abdrakhmanov , German Leitchenkov , Sergey Skublov , Pavel Talalay , Laysan Salimgaraeva , Nan Zhang , Bing Li

引用次数: 0

Variations in aerosol composition inferred from metal concentrations in the SE-Dome ice core, southeastern Greenland 从格陵兰岛东南部SE-Dome冰芯的金属浓度推断气溶胶成分的变化

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101303

Nao Esashi , Chiaki Sasaki , Toshitaka Suzuki , Motohiro Hirabayashi , Yoshinori Iizuka , Sumito Matoba , Koji Fujita

{"title":"Variations in aerosol composition inferred from metal concentrations in the SE-Dome ice core, southeastern Greenland","authors":"Nao Esashi , Chiaki Sasaki , Toshitaka Suzuki , Motohiro Hirabayashi , Yoshinori Iizuka , Sumito Matoba , Koji Fujita","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insoluble fraction of aerosols is typically quantified as the dust concentration, but its elemental composition remains poorly characterized, whereas the soluble fraction is commonly measured as the ion concentration. Analyzing the elemental composition of the insoluble fraction is crucial for identifying aerosol sources and understanding the factors that drive their variability. This study investigates temporal variations in total (i.e., soluble and insoluble) metal concentrations in an ice core from the southeastern dome of Greenland, covering the period from 1957 to 2014. Crustal elements (Al, non-sea salt (nss) Ca, and Fe) exhibited high concentrations during 1957–1975 (Period 1), low concentrations during 1976–1999 (Period 2), and a subsequent increase after 2000 (Period 3). The elemental ratios and seasonal flux patterns suggest that the aerosol sources and the factors controlling aerosol concentrations varied among the periods. Periods 1 and 2 are influenced by long-range transport of Asian mineral dust and anthropogenic emissions from North America and Europe, whereas Period 3 reflects growing contributions from local Greenland sources. Period 3 can be further divided into two periods: Period 3a (2000–2007) and Period 3b (2008–2014), based on differences in their compositions. During Period 3a, the enrichment in nssCa likely reflects increased inputs of soluble nssCa from coastal meltwater streams, along with additional contributions from the weathering of newly exposed carbonate rocks. In Period 3b, local Greenland soils became the dominant source, reducing the influence of Asian dust. Elevated Fe levels suggest additional contributions from volcanic soils, possibly from Iceland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antarctic security and adequacy of legal regulations 南极安全和法律条例的适当性

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101309

Agnieszka Szpak

{"title":"Antarctic security and adequacy of legal regulations","authors":"Agnieszka Szpak","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper critically examines the adequacy of the current legal framework governing Antarctica – the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) – in addressing emerging security-related risks in the region. With Antarctica facing mounting environmental threats from climate change, increasing tourism, potential bioprospecting, and strategic interest from global powers, the paper explores whether existing legal instruments are sufficient to mitigate these challenges. The study identifies significant regulatory gaps and ambiguities using legal and content analysis of relevant literature. These include unclear provisions on bioprospecting and resource use, limited enforcement and inspection mechanisms, insufficient responses to maritime and human security risks, and the growing dual-use nature of scientific activities with possible military applications. The analysis suggests that while the ATS has thus far maintained peace and environmental protection, its effectiveness is undermined by geopolitical competition and evolving global demands. The paper concludes that without legal and institutional reforms, such as more precise definitions, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and enhanced transparency, the long-term stability and credibility of the Antarctic governance regime may be at risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Near-Earth plasma-sheet cumulative magnetic flux transport and its’ comparison for several different runs using the Rice Convection Model 利用Rice对流模型分析近地等离子体片累积磁通量输运及其若干次运行的比较

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101345

Shishir Priyadarshi

{"title":"Analysis of Near-Earth plasma-sheet cumulative magnetic flux transport and its’ comparison for several different runs using the Rice Convection Model","authors":"Shishir Priyadarshi","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cumulative magnetic flux transport (CMFT) in the near-Earth plasma sheet can be used in identifying the rapid earthward as well as tailward flows. In the preset paper we assess the recent research studies related to the CMFT in the near-Earth plasma sheet and their role in understanding several interesting geophysical features at the near-Earth's geosynchronous orbit as well as Earth's ionosphere. We also calculated the CMFT based on the simulation results of the Rice Convection Model. The occurrence of bursty bulk flows (BBFs) gives rise to earthward CMFT and it is interesting to observe different runs to study the degree of localized fast flows in transporting magnetic fluxes to the near-Earth orbit. We have simulated three different runs, namely, single bubble event, single flow-channel event, and multi-flow-channel event. The bubble/flow channels were launched at around X = −14 R<sub>E</sub>. During all three cases, CMFT has been calculated in the nightside equatorial plane at the different locations. Our results show that the type of run strongly influences CMFT. The present study also gives us a glimpse of braking of the near-Earth flows and its influence on CMFT. At the same point on the nightside equatorial plane, we obtained an entirely different CMFT trend for dissimilar runs. We will discuss the mechanism of the different runs and their influence on the other near-Earth plasma-sheet parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic tectono-thermal events in Mt. Cronus, Napier Complex, East Antarctica 东南极洲纳皮尔杂岩Cronus山新太古代至古元古代构造-热事件

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2026.101361

Shin-ichi Kagashima , Miku Endo , Hiroko Sato , Kenichiro Tani , Rikako Nohara-Imanaka , Yoshimitsu Suda

{"title":"Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic tectono-thermal events in Mt. Cronus, Napier Complex, East Antarctica","authors":"Shin-ichi Kagashima , Miku Endo , Hiroko Sato , Kenichiro Tani , Rikako Nohara-Imanaka , Yoshimitsu Suda","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2026.101361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2026.101361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Napier Complex in East Antarctica preserves tectono-thermal events from Archean to Proterozoic eras, characterized by high-temperature (HT) to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism and crustal melting. This study examines the thermal and tectonic evolution of Mt. Cronus using petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, and U–Pb zircon dating from felsic orthogneiss and mafic granulite samples. The felsic orthogneiss is enriched in SiO<sub>2</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O, and Y–HREE (heavy rare earth elements), suggesting formation through partial melting of continental crust under relatively low-pressure conditions without residual garnet. The isotopic signatures of the felsic orthogneiss, marked by high initial Sr and low initial Nd ratios, further support a continental crustal origin. In contrast, the mafic granulite exhibits E–MORB-like composition with low initial Sr isotope ratios, consistent with derivation from mantle-derived basaltic magma and a potential contribution as a mantle -derived thermal input. U–Pb zircon dating of the felsic orthogneiss from Mt. Cronus reveals four distinct age clusters. The weighted mean age of 2760.6 ± 4.9 Ma is interpreted as the magmatic crystallization age of the felsic protolith, whereas the age of 2637.9 ± 4.6 Ma reflects isotopic resetting. Younger age clusters at ca. 2523 ± 3.8 Ma and ca. 2436 ± 3.3 Ma correspond to zircon growth and/or isotopic modification during UHT metamorphism and a subsequent prolonged HT metamorphic regime, including late-stage thermal pulses. These results indicate that the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of Mt. Cronus involved formation of felsic crust at ca. 2760 Ma, followed by long-lived, multi-stage UHT to HT metamorphism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multivariate deep learning approach to forecast of an ice-free Arctic summer under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下北极无冰夏季的多元深度学习预测方法

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101308

Mehmet Bilgili

{"title":"Multivariate deep learning approach to forecast of an ice-free Arctic summer under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios","authors":"Mehmet Bilgili","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea ice is a basic element of the polar weather and climate system. Arctic sea-ice extent (SIE) has significantly decreased in recent times due to global warming and enhanced ice-albedo feedback. Accurate prediction of Arctic SIE is therefore critical for understanding climate dynamics, assessing environmental impacts, and informing sustainable resource management. Conventional approaches, reliant on physical models, have exhibited deficiencies in replicating the intricate patterns of ice behavior. On the other hand, deep learning approaches have emerged as a potent solution for complex pattern recognition and prediction tasks. This paper presents a thorough review and analysis of using univariate and multivariate long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model for Arctic SIE prediction. The proposed methods utilize historical observations of monthly SIE data from 1989 to 2024 derived from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) database. These models are then used to produce projections for the period 2025 to 2100. The results show that under the multivariate LSTM model/SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the Arctic will be ice-free in September 2072 and 2065, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural radioactivity and radiogenic heat production in Rundvågshetta bedrock, East Antarctica: Insights from gamma-ray spectrometry and geochemistry 东南极洲rundvamatgshetta基岩的自然放射性和放射性产热：来自伽马射线能谱法和地球化学的见解

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2026.101360

Devika Swapna Panicker , Jun Goto , Takahashi Toshiro , Tomokazu Hokada , Chris Clark , Madhusoodhan Satish-Kumar

{"title":"Natural radioactivity and radiogenic heat production in Rundvågshetta bedrock, East Antarctica: Insights from gamma-ray spectrometry and geochemistry","authors":"Devika Swapna Panicker , Jun Goto , Takahashi Toshiro , Tomokazu Hokada , Chris Clark , Madhusoodhan Satish-Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2026.101360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2026.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses gamma-ray spectrometry and geochemical analysis to provide a first assessment of natural radioactivity and radiogenic heat production (RHP) in the Rundvågshetta region, East Antarctica. Direct gamma-ray spectrometry was used to measure <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K in samples of gneisses, granulites and migmatites. The findings reveal that felsic rocks, particularly gneisses, are enriched in U, Th, and K, generating the highest RHP (∼2.29 μW/m<sup>3</sup>), whereas mafic rocks, such as granulites, exhibit lower RHP (∼0.05 μW/m<sup>3</sup>). The calculated RHP values from Rundvågshetta are moderate and fall within the range of the global continental crustal average. Despite the limited number of samples, the results show clear large variability, indicating that heat-producing elements are unevenly distributed even within the small outcrop. This study, therefore, emphasises the significant role of lithological and mineralogical variability in regulating regional heat production and the necessity of an expanded RHP database in East Antarctica by performing detailed radiometric analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contamination assessment and source apportionment of trace metals in the surface sediments of Prydz Bay, coastal Antarctica using positive matrix factorization (PMF) 基于正矩阵分解法的南极海岸Prydz湾表层沉积物中微量金属污染评价及来源解析

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101346

John M. Princy , Gireesh Raghavan , Sethu M. Raghu , V.N. Sanjeevan , Sabu Prabhakaran , N. Anil Kumar , Anu Gopinath

{"title":"Contamination assessment and source apportionment of trace metals in the surface sediments of Prydz Bay, coastal Antarctica using positive matrix factorization (PMF)","authors":"John M. Princy , Gireesh Raghavan , Sethu M. Raghu , V.N. Sanjeevan , Sabu Prabhakaran , N. Anil Kumar , Anu Gopinath","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trace metal contaminants in Prydz Bay, coastal Antarctica, have seldom been studied and the origin and regulating mechanisms are poorly understood. This study assessed the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight trace metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in the surface sediments of Prydz Bay, Indian Sector of Southern Ocean. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling approach was employed in the present study to understand the source of trace metals. Source apportionment results indicated that Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb and Co are largely derived from lithogenic sources, while manganese Mn and Co are significantly influenced by diagenetic processes. In contrast, trace metals such as Cu and Zn display signatures of enhancement by long-range atmospheric deposition. Four risk assessment methods were used to assess sediment samples, namely, Contamination factor (CF), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The contamination factor suggests that all metals analysed in Prydz Bay have low contamination except Zn in one station (SO-9), which is moderately contaminated. In addition, EF indicated that Zn is moderately enriched in three stations (SO-4, SO-9, and SO-15). According to the PLI, all the stations in Prydz Bay showed lower values than the baseline levels of contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147427686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular phylogeny, enzymatic profile, plant growth promotion and bioremediation capabilities of psychrotolerant Pseudomonas fragi strain AC isolated from an Antarctic freshwater lake 南极淡水湖耐寒fragi假单胞菌AC的分子系统发育、酶谱、植物生长促进和生物修复能力

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101311

Çiğdem Otur , Sezer Okay , Aslıhan Kurt-Kızıldoğan

{"title":"Molecular phylogeny, enzymatic profile, plant growth promotion and bioremediation capabilities of psychrotolerant Pseudomonas fragi strain AC isolated from an Antarctic freshwater lake","authors":"Çiğdem Otur , Sezer Okay , Aslıhan Kurt-Kızıldoğan","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microorganisms isolated from Antarctic lake waters attract special attention as valuable resources for biotechnological applications. Herein, we investigated the phylogeny, biochemical properties, and functional traits of the AC strain, isolated from lake water sample on Ardley Island, Antarctica. Phylogenetic analysis were conducted using both the <em>16S rRNA</em> and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) including <em>16S rRNA</em>, <em>gyrB, rpoB,</em> and <em>rpoD</em> genes. These methods yielded phylogenetic trees that revealed 99.78 % similarity between the AC strain and <em>Pseudomonas fragi</em>. The AC strain deposited in NCBI GenBank under accession number OR150484, is a psychrotrophic and alkali-tolerant bacterium capable of growth at temperatures from 4 °C to 30 °C and pH levels from 5.0 to 10.0, though it is sensitive to NaCl. Functionally, the strain demonstrated the ability to biodegrade diesel fuel at concentrations of 1–5 %, though no kerosene degradation was detected. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits such as indole-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production were observed, along with proteolytic and lipolytic enzymatic activities. The strain exhibited the tolerance to selected heavy metals in with an order of Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cr(III) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Cd(II). These findings highlight the potential of <em>P. fragi</em> strain AC in biotechnological applications including bioremediation and PGP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing the use of portable ROVs for community-based benthic surveys: A case study on the demographics of sea cucumbers around nursery habitats in the Arctic 优化便携式rov在社区底栖生物调查中的使用：北极苗圃栖息地周围海参人口统计数据的案例研究

IF 2 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2025.101287

Kevin C.K. Ma , Lauren E. Gover , Jean-François Hamel , Annie Mercier

{"title":"Optimizing the use of portable ROVs for community-based benthic surveys: A case study on the demographics of sea cucumbers around nursery habitats in the Arctic","authors":"Kevin C.K. Ma , Lauren E. Gover , Jean-François Hamel , Annie Mercier","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2025.101287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nearshore areas around Qikiqtait in the Canadian Arctic have been identified as nursery habitats for the sea cucumber <em>Cucumaria frondosa</em>, which is locally consumed and being explored for small-scale commercial fisheries. This study characterized this species’ demographics along a depth gradient (∼0.5–11.5 m) at three sites inside and adjacent to nursery grounds using a mini-class remotely operated vehicle (ROV). A novel technique involving the superimposition of virtual quadrats was developed to minimize perspective biases for the analysis of images captured obliquely relative to the seafloor. Overall densities at Katak and Kataaluk were a magnitude lower than at Sanikiluaq, suggesting spatial variability in environmental conditions. Smaller individuals (∼5 cm) occurred mostly on rubble between 1 and 3 m at Sanikiluaq, larger ones (∼10 cm) on gravel at 2–7 m at Kataaluk, and a mix of both size classes occupied gravel, rubble, boulders, and bedrock between 3 and 11 m at Katak. Globally, body sizes tended to increase with depth, evoking cohorts of sea cucumbers undergoing step-wise downward migrations as they grew. This study provides foundational data on <em>C. frondosa</em> around its nursery habitats. It also enhances the usefulness of mini-class ROVs to investigate benthic assemblages in ice-covered areas through community-led initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0