Polar Science最新文献_第3页

Controlling factors of spatiotemporal variations in black carbon concentrations over the Arctic region by using a WRF/CMAQ simulation on the Northern Hemisphere scale 利用北半球尺度的 WRF/CMAQ 模拟分析北极地区黑碳浓度时空变化的控制因素

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101093

{"title":"Controlling factors of spatiotemporal variations in black carbon concentrations over the Arctic region by using a WRF/CMAQ simulation on the Northern Hemisphere scale","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Black carbon (BC) aerosol, released into the atmosphere from fuel combustion and biomass burning, is known to be an important short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) because it efficiently absorbs solar radiation and directly heats the atmosphere. Because its accumulation on snow and ice promotes their melting, BC is an important driver of warming, particularly in the Arctic region. Observed surface BC concentrations in the Arctic region show typical seasonal variations, increasing during the winter and spring and decreasing during the warmer season with some peak events in few months of summer, along with large interannual variations. The present study investigates the primary factors influencing the differences in the spatiotemporal surface concentrations of BC in the Arctic region by performing a hemispheric-scale air-quality simulation for the years 2015 and 2016. The model reasonably simulates the observed BC concentration levels and their seasonal patterns, as well as their differences between these two years. This study shows that large year-to-year variability in BC-rich air-mass pathways, such as long-range transport from surrounding regions, and besides these air-mass stagnation within the Arctic region, influence the differences in the Arctic BC concentrations between 2015 and 2016. In addition, the Arctic BC concentrations were also controlled by interannual variations in the amount and distribution of emissions due to the size and the location of open fires, including both Asian crop residue burning in spring and boreal forest fires in summer.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate change, community well-being, and consumption: Reconsidering human-environment relationships in Greenland under global change 气候变化、社区福祉与消费：重新考虑全球变化下格陵兰的人与环境关系

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101102

Naotaka Hayashi , Alyne E. Delaney

{"title":"Climate change, community well-being, and consumption: Reconsidering human-environment relationships in Greenland under global change","authors":"Naotaka Hayashi , Alyne E. Delaney","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>We reassess the research on the impact of climate change on society and propose examining the social dimensions of climate change from a perspective of community well-being. We argue that to better understand community dynamics in the Arctic, it is helpful to shift the research focus from the environment and view the environment and climate change as a backdrop to social phenomena. Specifically, we consider the increasing living standards and expanding basic needs that fall under consumption, one of the three domains of economic activity. This represents a shift from the conventional anthropological perspective, which focuses solely on production (food procurement, subsistence) and distribution, to a more balanced consideration of the three economic domains and their intricate relations. This shift also involves moving away from the conventional anthropological theory, which posits that the relationship to the environment influences, organizes, and shapes people's lives, to the reverse: people's increasing needs reshape, rearrange, or alter the human–environment relationship. The perspective of community well-being considers the interplay between the environment, social (local assets), and economic domains (consumption and increasing needs) of community dynamics. To illustrate this perspective in Arctic studies, we draw on two examples from our experience in Greenland: sheep farming in South Greenland and Greenland halibut fisheries in North Greenland.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965224000859/pdfft?md5=d70726a2ec13bc54ea4802611eb07c4b&pid=1-s2.0-S1873965224000859-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interrelationships of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in snow-covered temperate soils, Northern Japan 日本北部积雪覆盖的温带土壤中二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮通量的相互关系

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101073

{"title":"Interrelationships of CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in snow-covered temperate soils, Northern Japan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This study focuses on assessing the concentrations, fluxes, and production rates of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in a cold temperate grassland soil underlying snowpack during the winter of 1996/7 in northern Japan. Results included mean ± standard deviation (range) correlation coefficients (R2) for CO2–CH4 concentrations and CO2–N2O concentrations of 0.93 ± 0.07 (0.81–0.99) and 0.96 ± 0.06 (0.83–0.99) for winter, and 0.74 ± 0.17 (0.55–0.92) and 0.96 ± 0.05 (0.88–0.99) for summer, respectively. This suggests close relationships between the mechanisms of CO2 and N2O production and the oxidation of CH4, which are influenced by factors such as oxygen availability, temperature, and moisture in the soil. Furthermore, the study found that winter fluxes of CO2–CH4 and CO2–N2O through the snowpack showed positive linear correlations. Winter CO2 emissions accounted for 96 % of the variability in CH4 oxidation and 77 % of the variability in N2O emissions. This demonstrates that winter CO2 emissions were affected to the magnitude of CH4 oxidations and N2O emissions in the soil. These findings have implications for the modification of terrestrial ecosystem models in temperate regions, particularly in assessing contributions from winter greenhouse gas fluxes to overall annual emissions. Understanding the interrelationships and dynamics of greenhouse gases throughout the year is crucial for accurate modeling and predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing arctic black carbon emissions: Features of national regulatory systems as a key factor 减少北极黑碳排放：国家监管体系的特点是关键因素

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101065

{"title":"Reducing arctic black carbon emissions: Features of national regulatory systems as a key factor","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Black carbon is an air pollutant that contributes to Arctic warming, and its control is the subject of multiple international institutions in the region. However, the potential for cost-effective reduction of black carbon emissions in the region is conditioned by the features of the national regulatory systems in relevant countries. This study conducted a comparative analysis of national pollution control systems for land-based sources of black carbon emissions in Arctic states and two key Arctic Council observer states, China and India. Doing so, the study shows that most countries have implemented at least some policies and regulatory measures in most pollution control areas. However, relevant policies are sometimes found outside the conventional domain of air pollution regulation, such as schemes for corporate reporting on sustainability. Substantial differences across countries lie in regulations' stringency and enforcement capacity. In addition, the national governance system, such as the federal systems of the US and Canada, influences the characteristics of black carbon policies and regulations. Furthermore, the application of economic instruments is limited in terms of the country coverage and economic instrument types. These features have implications for the design of domestic and international policies for Arctic black carbon control.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The seventh International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-7) 第七届北极研究国际研讨会（ISAR-7）

IF 1.5 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101111

Yuji Kodama

引用次数: 0

Role of atmospheric and oceanic processes on interannual summertime (2016–2017) decrease of sea ice in the Antarctic regions of the Southern Ocean 大气和海洋过程对南大洋南极地区夏季海冰年际减少（2016-2017 年）的作用

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101108

Ananthu Pradeep, A. Mukherjee

引用次数: 0

Rapid deceleration in the ice-flow velocity of the Shirase Glacier ice tongue and its influence on the velocity field: Observations from Sentinel-1 C-SAR 白濑冰川冰舌冰流速度的快速减速及其对速度场的影响：来自哨兵-1 C-SAR 的观测数据

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101109

S. Ohkawa, K. Doi, K. Nakamura, Y. Aoyama, H. Nagai

引用次数: 0

A statistical study of precipitation on the eastern antarctic plateau (Dome-C) using remote sensing and in-situ instrumentation 利用遥感和现场仪器对南极高原东部（Dome-C）降水量进行统计研究

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101106

Massimo Del Guasta, Philippe Ricaud, Claudio Scarchilli, Giuliano Dreossi

{"title":"A statistical study of precipitation on the eastern antarctic plateau (Dome-C) using remote sensing and in-situ instrumentation","authors":"Massimo Del Guasta, Philippe Ricaud, Claudio Scarchilli, Giuliano Dreossi","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2024.101106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2024.101106","url":null,"abstract":"Studying precipitation at very high latitudes is a challenge, particularly during the polar winter. Direct monitoring of ice habit and size in high latitude precipitation is crucial for validating the algorithms used to derive precipitation from radar, and for improving the climatological modeling of polar areas. The high plateau lacks long-term direct observations of precipitation. In this work, carried out at Concordia Station (Dome-C (DC), −75°S, 123°E, 3233 m a.m.s.l), the use of a depolarization LIDAR, a flatbed scanner (ICECAMERA), a microwave profiler (HAMSTRAD) and meteorological instrumentation made possible the study, over the period 2014–2021, of shape, size, height and temperature of formation of precipitation. The precipitation sources were classified into four types: ice fogs, liquid fogs, mixed-phase clouds, and cirrus. Ten representative ice habits for Dome-C were chosen. The size distribution for every habit was calculated, allowing for the estimation of the corresponding radar reflectivity. The use of W-band radars, such as CLOUDSAT, with a sensitivity of −28dB, resulted in capturing all the crystals observed in Concordia. A positive trend was observed between grain size and height in ice habits that are typical of cloud precipitation. North West (NW) and North East (NE) winds at cloud height, blowing from coastal regions, caused the majority of precipitation from clouds. The study also examined the height trend of the ice habit composition of precipitation. The ice habit composition for each of the four types of precipitation source was analyzed, and the possibility of determining the source by simply observing the precipitation was explored. This work marks the first comprehensive investigation of precipitation on the eastern Antarctic plateau.","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil organic matter and biogenic-abiogenic interactions in soils of Larsemann Hills and Bunger Hills, East Antarctica 南极洲东部拉尔斯曼山丘和邦格尔山丘土壤中的土壤有机质和生物-生物相互作用

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2023.101040

Ivan Alekseev , Evgeny Abakumov

{"title":"Soil organic matter and biogenic-abiogenic interactions in soils of Larsemann Hills and Bunger Hills, East Antarctica","authors":"Ivan Alekseev , Evgeny Abakumov","doi":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polar.2023.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Although Antarctic soils are usually described as weakly developed, recent studies indicated the significant variability in soil forming conditions across the sixth continent as well as considerable diversity of soils. The identification of pedogenetic processes in Antarctica is crucial for understanding not only the current state of its environment, but also for better understanding of soil development on Earth through time. Our study provides a detailed investigation of micromorphological features and molecular composition of organic matter of soil and soil-like bodies of remote areas of East Antarctica - Larsemann Hills and Bunger Hills, which are characterized by harsh environmental conditions. Studied soils showed predominantly coarse structure and low organic carbon content, alkaline to almost neutral pH range. Thin sections of studied soils were characterized by predominance of grains of quartz, feldspars, and other primary minerals with angular shapes indicating relatively weak degree of their alteration. All studied humic substances are characterized by the predominance of aliphatic structures. Moreover, it was observed that studied humic acids contains significant amounts of carbohydrates, polysaccharides, esters and amino acids and hydrophilic fragments predominate. Organo-mineral interactions were mostly connected with development of biofilms in the topsoil horizons with the maximal biological activity among studied soils.</div>","PeriodicalId":20316,"journal":{"name":"Polar Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Research advances from Larsemann Hills, Antarctica: International cooperation and future prospects (Part-2) 社论：南极拉尔斯曼丘陵的研究进展：国际合作与未来展望（第二部分）

IF 1.8 4区地球科学

Polar Science Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2024.101078

Anand K. Singh, Shailendra Saini, Yogesh Ray, Svetlana Grigoreva, Xiangbin Cui, Xianglan Li, Rahul Mohan, M. Javed Beg, Rasik Ravindra

引用次数: 0