Unpacking inclusivity of the Antarctic Treaty System amidst contemporary challenges

Abstract

The Antarctic Treaty and its associated instruments, collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), face significant challenges, predominantly stemming from external sources. These challenges increasingly pressurize the effectiveness of the ATS. This article aims to assess these contemporary challenges in the context of inclusivity in the Antarctic Treaty and the ATS, underscoring the importance of broad international cooperation in governance and scientific endeavors. By revisiting the core principles of the ATS, and the stipulations relating to the inclusion of new participants in its key instruments, this study seeks to examine the diverse array of, not only, avenues and possibilities for broad participation, but also obstacles hindering such participation and cooperation within the ATS. Given the mounting global geopolitical tensions, it is pertinent and timely to question the continued suitability of the Antarctic Treaty and the ATS in maintaining the Antarctic as a natural reserve for peace and scientific research.