Nature Geoscience最新文献

A case for pronunciation guides for place names in scientific publications

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x

Danita S. Brandt

{"title":"A case for pronunciation guides for place names in scientific publications","authors":"Danita S. Brandt","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01615-x","url":null,"abstract":"The correct pronunciation of a word in English is not always straightforward, and this is particularly the case for place names and other proper nouns that are prominent in geoscience research. For example, sedimentary deposits in former coal strip-mining pits in northern Illinois, USA, bear an assemblage of well-preserved Carboniferous fossils, including the enigmatic Tullimonstrum, an extinct soft-bodied vertebrate1,2. The assemblage is referred to as the Mazon Creek fauna, named for the small river that runs through the area. Locals pronounce the name of the river and nearby town ‘muh-ZON’, yet many geoscientists pronounce the name of the fauna ‘MAY-zon’.This leads to the question: what is the correct pronunciation of a place name? In his dictionary of 1803, Noah Webster wrote “the true pronunciation is that which prevails in and near the place”3. Confusion over pronunciation of place names can be exacerbated by regional idiosyncrasies. For example, the city of Charlotte in Michigan, USA, is ‘shar-LOTT’ to residents, but the city Charlotte in North Carolina, USA, is ‘SHAR-let’ to its citizens. The name ‘Mazon’ has its origins in an indigenous Algonquin word for nettle, plants that grew in abundance in the area, and the word is pronounced ‘muh-ZON’4. Indeed, ‘muh-ZON’ is the pronunciation that “prevails in and near the place” and is the official pronunciation used by the state of Illinois5.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: No progress on diversity in 40 years

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01625-9

Rachel E. Bernard, Emily H. G. Cooperdock

引用次数: 0

Polar diatoms fade in the twilight zone

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01620-0

Natalia Llopis Monferrer

引用次数: 0

Sulfur species and gold transport in arc magmatic fluids 弧岩浆流体中的硫种和金迁移

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01601-3

Stefan Farsang, Zoltán Zajacz

{"title":"Sulfur species and gold transport in arc magmatic fluids","authors":"Stefan Farsang, Zoltán Zajacz","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01601-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01601-3","url":null,"abstract":"The sulfur species present in magmatic fluids affect the global redox cycle, the Earth’s climate and the formation of some of the largest and most economic ore deposits of critical metals. However, the speciation of sulfur under conditions that are relevant for upper crustal magma reservoirs is unclear. Here we combine a prototype pressure vessel apparatus and Raman spectroscopy to determine sulfur speciation in arc magmatic fluid analogues in situ over a range of geologically relevant pressure–temperature–redox conditions. We find that HS−, H2S and SO2 are the main sulfur species in the experimental fluids, while the concentrations of S6+ species and S2− and S3− sulfur radical ions are negligible, in contrast to previous experimental work. The measured gold solubilities in the experimental fluids are highest when sulfur is dominantly present as HS− and H2S species and greatly exceed thermodynamic predictions. Our results imply that HS−, rather than sulfur radicals, accounts for the high solubilities of gold in magmatic–hydrothermal fluids. We also find that magmatic sulfur degassing is a redox process under oxidizing conditions and may lead to additional magma oxidation beyond that imparted by slab-derived fluxes and crystallization.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pollution resistance of Saturn’s ring particles during micrometeoroid impact

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01598-9

Ryuki Hyodo, Hidenori Genda, Gustavo Madeira

{"title":"Pollution resistance of Saturn’s ring particles during micrometeoroid impact","authors":"Ryuki Hyodo, Hidenori Genda, Gustavo Madeira","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01598-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01598-9","url":null,"abstract":"Saturn’s rings have been estimated to be as young as about 100 to 400 million years old according to the hypothesis that non-icy micrometeoroid bombardment acts to darken the rings over time and the Cassini observation indicated that the ring particles appear to be relatively clean. These young age estimates assume that the rings formed out of pure water ice particles with a high accretion efficiency of impacting non-icy micrometeoroid material (η ≳ 10%). Here we show, using numerical simulations of hypervelocity micrometeoroid impacts on a ring particle, that non-icy material may not be as readily accreted as previously thought. We found that the complete vaporization and expansion of non-icy impactor material on energetic collision with a ring particle leads to the formation of charged nanoparticles and ions that are subsequently removed from the rings through collision with Saturn, gravitational escape or electromagnetic drag into Saturn’s atmosphere. Despite uncertainties in our models that assume no porosity, strength or ring particle granularity, we suggest minimal accretion of non-icy materials would occur following micrometeoroid impact. This pollution resistance mechanism implies a low accretion efficiency (η ≲ 1%). Thus we suggest that the apparent youth of Saturn’s rings could be due to pollution resistance, rather than indicative of young formation age.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sulfur speciation matters 硫含量问题

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01621-z

Dimitri A. Sverjensky

引用次数: 0

Tectonics of copper mineralization

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01588-x

Joshua J. Schwartz

引用次数: 0

Looking toward the future of ocean drilling