Nature Geoscience最新文献

Low sulfur emissions from 2022 Hunga eruption due to seawater–magma interactions 海水-岩浆相互作用导致2022年Hunga火山喷发的低硫排放

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01691-7

Jie Wu, Shane J. Cronin, Marco Brenna, Sung-Hyun Park, Alessio Pontesilli, Ingrid A. Ukstins, David Adams, Joali Paredes-Mariño, Kyle Hamilton, Mila Huebsch, Diego González-García, Chris Firth, James D. L. White, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Terry Plank, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Annaleise Klein, Frank Ramos, Folauhola Latu’ila, Taaniela Kula

{"title":"Low sulfur emissions from 2022 Hunga eruption due to seawater–magma interactions","authors":"Jie Wu, Shane J. Cronin, Marco Brenna, Sung-Hyun Park, Alessio Pontesilli, Ingrid A. Ukstins, David Adams, Joali Paredes-Mariño, Kyle Hamilton, Mila Huebsch, Diego González-García, Chris Firth, James D. L. White, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Terry Plank, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Annaleise Klein, Frank Ramos, Folauhola Latu’ila, Taaniela Kula","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01691-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01691-7","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive January 2022 Hunga submarine eruption in Tonga injected unprecedented water volumes into the upper atmosphere, generating widespread climatic impacts. However, it ejected anomalously little sulfur compared with other eruptions of similar volume. We explain the missing sulfur with volatile budgets calculated from volcanic ash samples spanning the eruption. We show that magma was stored in a weakly stratified reservoir at 2.1 km to >5.6 km depth. Magma rose within <3 min and fragmented at 400–1,000 m below sea level. This preserves microscale chemical mingling including ~1 wt% contrasts in magmatic water concentrations. The 11-h eruption released a total of 319 Tg of magmatic water, which is <10% of that derived from magmatic seawater interaction. Comparing magmatic and residual glass sulfur concentrations shows a total release of 9.4 TgS, but >93% of this entered the ocean during submarine magma fragmentation. These results raise the concern that satellite SO2 monitoring underestimates the magma output of submarine explosions and they are probably near invisible in ice-core records, despite their climate influence caused by water injection into the upper atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Super-Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of extreme precipitation explained by shift from stratiform to convective rain type 极端降水的超克劳修斯-克拉珀龙标度由层状雨向对流雨型转变解释

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01686-4

Nicolas A. Da Silva, Jan O. Haerter

{"title":"Super-Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of extreme precipitation explained by shift from stratiform to convective rain type","authors":"Nicolas A. Da Silva, Jan O. Haerter","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01686-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01686-4","url":null,"abstract":"Short-duration precipitation extremes pose a risk to human lives and infrastructure and may be strongly affected by climate change. In the past two decades, several studies reported that extreme rainfall intensity can increase with temperature at rates exceeding the thermodynamic Clausius–Clapeyron rate. Two explanations have been proposed for this: (1) convective precipitation—arising from thunderstorms—might be strongly invigorated with temperature; (2) a statistical shift from low-intensity stratiform rainfall to higher-intensity convective rainfall might amplify the scaling rate with temperature. Here we use high spatio-temporal-resolution lightning records in Europe to test these two hypotheses at the storm scale, that is, within 5 km spatially and 10 min temporally. We show that the statistical shift in rain type alone accounts for the observed super-Clausius–Clapeyron scaling rate, and when considered in isolation, both stratiform and convective precipitation extremes increase at the Clausius–Clapeyron rate—thus refuting hypothesis (1). Mesoscale convective systems, which play a dominant role in generating precipitation extremes, do feature a super-Clausius–Clapeyron scaling rate because of a substantial increase in their convective fraction with dew point temperature above 14 °C. Analyses of intensity–duration–frequency curves show that extreme sub-hourly storms are the most strongly intensified with higher dew point temperatures.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbonate weathering enhances nitrogen assimilatory uptake in rivers globally 碳酸盐风化作用增强了全球河流对氮的吸收

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01680-w

Hongkai Qi, Yi Liu, Haoran Wang, Xingxing Kuang, Aditya Nugraha Putra, Jiu Jimmy Jiao, Jianping Gan

{"title":"Carbonate weathering enhances nitrogen assimilatory uptake in rivers globally","authors":"Hongkai Qi, Yi Liu, Haoran Wang, Xingxing Kuang, Aditya Nugraha Putra, Jiu Jimmy Jiao, Jianping Gan","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01680-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01680-w","url":null,"abstract":"Bedrock composition, in particular the proportion of carbonate, can influence the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and also the carbonate chemistry of rivers, but its effects on the nitrogen cycle in rivers are usually overlooked. Here we present geochemical composition measurements of rivers across the Pearl River Basin in China that show that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is positively correlated with dissolved inorganic nitrogen and follows the variation in solar radiation in the carbonate-dominated region during the wet season, but not in the non-carbonate-dominated region. In situ incubations show that organic nitrogen production is strengthened in the regions with high dissolved inorganic carbon and high temperature and solar radiation. DON zonation in the dry season is not obvious owing to the limitation of low temperature on nitrogen assimilation. We also report a similar DON contrast in carbonate-dominated and non-carbonate-dominated regions in Malang in Indonesia. Furthermore, from an analysis of global published data, we find that a modified Michaelis–Menten model incorporating carbon limitation provides a much better fit to the global latitudinal distribution of DON globally. Hence, we propose that carbonate weathering enhancement of organic nitrogen production occurs ubiquitously.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drag acting on suspended sediment increased by microbial colonization 微生物定植增加了对悬浮沉积物的阻力

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01679-3

Naiyu Zhang, Haochen Li, Fan Xu, Charlotte E. L. Thompson, Ian H. Townend, Qing He

{"title":"Drag acting on suspended sediment increased by microbial colonization","authors":"Naiyu Zhang, Haochen Li, Fan Xu, Charlotte E. L. Thompson, Ian H. Townend, Qing He","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01679-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01679-3","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic interplay between microbial communities and sediment transport shapes continental landscapes and influences particulate matter fluxes across the Earth’s surface. Microbial colonization transforms individual sediment grains into aggregates with intricate and varied morphologies, complicating sediment transport. However, current models often simplify this morphological complexity, assuming that aggregates experience fluid drag equal to that of smooth spheres or idealized shapes. Here we apply an X-ray micro-computed tomography method combined with computational fluid dynamics simulations to analyse aggregate morphology at high spatial resolution and determine the relationship with drag. Instead of aggregate size or gross shape being the primary controls on drag, we find that microbial colonization alters the fine-scale aggregate morphology and increases drag by factors of 1–3 compared with smooth surfaces. We propose a morphology-corrected drag law that accounts for this complexity, reconciling the differences in drag across diverse aggregates. Our findings suggest that a shift from focusing on gross scale variabilities (size or gross shape) to fine-scale morphologies could enable greater accuracy in transport predictions, and improve understanding of microbially colonized aggregates in fluvial, coastal and oceanic systems.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme Indian summer monsoon states stifled Bay of Bengal productivity across the last deglaciation 在最后一次冰川消退期间，极端的印度夏季季风状态扼杀了孟加拉湾的生产力

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01684-6

K. Thirumalai, S. C. Clemens, Y. Rosenthal, S. Conde, K. Bu, S. Desprat, M. Erb, L. Vetter, M. Franks, J. Cheng, L. Li, Z. Liu, L. P. Zhou, L. Giosan, A. Singh, V. Mishra

{"title":"Extreme Indian summer monsoon states stifled Bay of Bengal productivity across the last deglaciation","authors":"K. Thirumalai, S. C. Clemens, Y. Rosenthal, S. Conde, K. Bu, S. Desprat, M. Erb, L. Vetter, M. Franks, J. Cheng, L. Li, Z. Liu, L. P. Zhou, L. Giosan, A. Singh, V. Mishra","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01684-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01684-6","url":null,"abstract":"Indian summer monsoon (ISM) hydrology fuels biogeochemical cycling across South Asia and the Indian Ocean, exerting a first-order control on food security in Earth’s most densely populated areas. Although the ISM is projected to intensify under continued greenhouse forcing, substantial uncertainty surrounds anticipating its impacts on future Indian Ocean stratification and primary production—processes key to the health of already-declining fisheries in the region. Here we present century-scale records of ISM runoff variability and marine biogeochemical impacts in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) since the Last Glacial Maximum (∼21 thousand years ago (ka)). These records reveal extreme monsoon states relative to modern strength, with weakest ISM intensity during Heinrich Stadial 1 (∼17.5–15.5 ka) and strongest during the early Holocene (∼10.5–9.5 ka). Counterintuitively, we find that BoB productivity collapsed during both extreme states of peak monsoon excess and deficits—both due to upper-ocean stratification. Our findings point to the possibility of future declines in BoB primary productivity under a strengthening and more variable ISM regime.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A seawater oxygen oscillation recorded by iron formations prior to the Great Oxidation Event 在大氧化事件之前由铁形成记录的海水氧振荡

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01683-7

Xueqi Liang, Eva E. Stüeken, Daniel S. Alessi, Kurt O. Konhauser, Long Li

{"title":"A seawater oxygen oscillation recorded by iron formations prior to the Great Oxidation Event","authors":"Xueqi Liang, Eva E. Stüeken, Daniel S. Alessi, Kurt O. Konhauser, Long Li","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01683-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01683-7","url":null,"abstract":"Earth’s atmosphere underwent permanent oxidation during the Great Oxidation Event approximately 2.45–2.22 billion years ago (Ga) due to excess oxygen (O2) generated by marine cyanobacteria. However, understanding the timing and tempo of seawater oxygenation before the Great Oxidation Event has been hindered by the absence of sensitive tracers. Nitrogen (N) isotopes can be an indicator of marine oxygenation. Here we present an ~200 Myr nitrogen isotope oscillation recorded by Neoarchaean and Palaeoproterozoic banded iron formations from the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia, that were deposited in relatively deep marine shelf environments. Paired with the Jeerinah Formation shale record, our data from the Marra Mamba Iron Formation suggest that oxic conditions expanded to banded iron formation depositional environments from ~2.63 to 2.60 Ga. Subsequently, a positive δ15N excursion occurred in the ~2.48 Ga Dale Gorge Member, marking a decline in seawater O2 and enhanced denitrification. This O2 deficit was followed by a second phase of increasing O2 levels as indicated by a gradual return to moderately positive δ15N values in the ~2.46 Ga Joffre Member and 2.45 Ga Weeli Wolli Iron Formation. These variations underscore a nonlinear history of marine oxygenation and reveal a previously unrecognized oscillation in seawater O2 levels preceding the Great Oxidation Event.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Archaean onset of volatile cycling at subduction zones 早太古宙俯冲带挥发性旋回的开始

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01677-5

G. Caro, T. Grocolas, P. Bourgeois, P. Bouilhol, S. J. Mojzsis, G. Paris

{"title":"Early Archaean onset of volatile cycling at subduction zones","authors":"G. Caro, T. Grocolas, P. Bourgeois, P. Bouilhol, S. J. Mojzsis, G. Paris","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01677-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01677-5","url":null,"abstract":"The subduction of pelagic sediments and altered oceanic crust modulates the global cycle of volatile elements. Sulfate and carbonate fluids released when one plate descends beneath another modify the redox state of the mantle, and generate the return of water and reactive gases to the atmosphere and hydrosphere via arc volcanism, affecting planetary habitability over geologic timescales. However, the timing of the onset of subduction remains uncertain, hindering our understanding of how deep geochemical cycles operated on the early Earth. Here we measure sulfur and neodymium isotope data on Eoarchaean mantle-derived rocks of the Innuksuac Complex in northern Québec, Canada, with petrological characteristics of arc magmas. These rocks exhibit anomalous sulfur isotopic compositions originally produced by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere more than 3.8 Gyr ago. Combined sulfur and neodymium isotope data suggest that these signatures were transferred to the Innuksuac mantle through devolatilization and partial melting of terrigenous sediments derived from a Hadean (4.3–4.4 Gyr ago) continental source, providing a record of an early continental margin subduction environment. This result pushes back direct evidence of a subduction-driven volatile cycle to the onset of the terrestrial rock record, approximately 1 Gyr earlier than previously inferred from diamond inclusions.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early start to volatile cycling 前期开始波动循环

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01689-1

J. Elis Hoffmann

引用次数: 0

Transient marine bottom water oxygenation on continental shelves by 2.65 billion years ago 26.5亿年前大陆架上短暂的海洋底水氧合作用

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01681-9

Xinming Chen, Chadlin M. Ostrander, Brett J. Holdaway, Brian Kendall, Ariel D. Anbar, Sune G. Nielsen, Jeremy D. Owens

{"title":"Transient marine bottom water oxygenation on continental shelves by 2.65 billion years ago","authors":"Xinming Chen, Chadlin M. Ostrander, Brett J. Holdaway, Brian Kendall, Ariel D. Anbar, Sune G. Nielsen, Jeremy D. Owens","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01681-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01681-9","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of evidence suggests that molecular oxygen (O2) accumulated in some shallow marine environments beneath the effectively anoxic Archaean atmosphere 4.0 to 2.5 billion years (Ga) ago. Yet, the temporal and spatial distribution of these oxygen oases is not well known. Here we use thallium (Tl) isotope ratios, which are sensitive to manganese oxide burial, to place constraints on the timing and tempo of marine oxygen oases between about 2.65 Ga and 2.50 Ga. Lower-than-crustal authigenic 205Tl/203Tl ratios are common in shales from the approximately 2.65 Ga Jeerinah Formation (Western Australia) and the 2.50 Ga Klein Naute Formation (South Africa). Particularly low 205Tl/203Tl ratios are found at 2.50 Ga, coincident with a pronounced ‘whiff’ of O2. These data can be explained by widespread seafloor manganese oxide burial, a scenario that requires persistent O2 penetration into marine sediments beneath regionally extensive marine oxygen oases. By contrast, 205Tl/203Tl ratios from the 2.60–2.52 Ga Nauga Formation (South Africa) do not deviate from crustal values, suggesting an intervening period of muted seafloor Mn oxide burial. Our data suggest that O2 accumulated over greater spatial extents and to greater depths than previously thought at about 2.65 Ga and that marine oxygenation was spatially and temporally dynamic well before the Great Oxidation Event began at about 2.4 Ga.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oscillating Archean oxygen oases 振荡太古代氧气绿洲

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01690-8

James Kasting

引用次数: 0