Nature Geoscience最新文献

{"title":"Global response of floods to tropical explosive volcanic eruptions","authors":"Hanbeen Kim, Gabriele Villarini, Wenchang Yang, Gabriel Vecchi","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01782-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01782-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropical volcanic eruptions with a high volcanic explosivity index (≥5) impact the global climate system, but little is known about how they affect floods. Here, leveraging global climate model simulations with volcanic forcings and statistical relationships between seasonal climate drivers and peak discharge, we investigate the response of seasonal peak discharges at 7,886 streamgauges worldwide to three tropical explosive volcanic eruptions in the twentieth century: Agung 1963 (Indonesia), Santa Maria 1902 (Guatemala) and Pinatubo 1991 (Philippines), whose stratospheric aerosol plumes were distributed primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere and symmetrically across both hemispheres, respectively. For the eruptions with interhemispherically asymmetric aerosol distributions, tropical regions show more immediate and widespread responses to the eruptions than non-tropical regions, with a distinct interhemispheric contrast of decreasing (increasing) peak discharges in the hemisphere in which the eruption happened (did not happen). For the case of symmetric aerosol distribution, tropical (arid) regions have the strongest tendency to respond to the eruption by decreasing (increasing) peak discharges in both hemispheres. These regional flood responses are attributed mainly to seasonal precipitation changes across the climate regions. Beyond direct volcanic hazards, our study provides a global view of the secondary flood hazards resulting from hydroclimatic changes induced by large explosive eruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interseismic secondary zone of subsidence during earthquake cycles in subduction zones","authors":"Haipeng Luo, Kelin Wang, Lujia Feng, Emma M. Hill","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01778-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01778-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface deformation observed in subduction zone forearcs helps to determine the locking state of the megathrust beneath, and therefore seismic and tsunami hazards. The vertical component of such deformation is particularly important, but measurements of this component in various subduction zones show a level of complexity that is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate from numerical simulations and a global compilation of observations that this apparent complexity can be readily explained in terms of earthquake cycles in a viscoelastic Earth. We show that subduction zones follow a common process of earthquake cycle evolution but are currently at various stages of this cycle, and that, during interseismic deformation, there is a previously overlooked secondary zone of subsidence around the volcanic arc, in addition to the primary zone of subsidence near the trench. We propose that this secondary zone is a key signature of megathrust locking that is absent from the elastic models commonly used to infer the locking state. The importance of this signature is demonstrated by the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, where we argue that the ongoing subsidence of the island arc is strong evidence for the presence of such a secondary zone; this implies that the megathrust is locked and building energy for a future earthquake, contrary to the prevailing understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon drawdown by algal blooms during Antarctic Cold Reversal from sedimentary ancient DNA","authors":"Josefine Friederike Weiß,&nbsp;Ulrike Herzschuh,&nbsp;Juliane Müller,&nbsp;Jie Liang,&nbsp;Maria-Elena Vorrath,&nbsp;Amedea Perfumo,&nbsp;Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01761-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01761-w","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern Ocean plays a crucial role in the global carbon budget. One key interval for understanding this role is the Antarctic Cold Reversal (14,700–12,700 calibrated (cal) yr bp)—a Southern Hemisphere-specific cooling event that temporarily reversed the deglacial trend of warming and rising atmospheric CO2. Modelling studies propose that the atmospheric CO2 plateau during the Antarctic Cold Reversal is related to increased marine productivity. However, proxy constraints on the primary producer community are limited to the subset of groups that leave a fossil record. Here we applied ancient DNA shotgun metagenomics to samples from a marine sediment core to characterize the composition of the marine ecosystem across all trophic levels, finding that the haptophyte algae Phaeocystis antarctica was the dominant primary producer during the event. Independent proxy evidence from the same record points to high productivity in response to enhanced sea-ice seasonality caused by the cooling. Post Antarctic Cold Reversal, abrupt Phaeocystis community loss shows how sensitive this ecosystem is to warming, potentially representing a key tipping element. As an analogy for present warming, it highlights the importance of regions with high seasonal sea-ice variability and Phaeocystis dominance, such as the Ross Sea, in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 content. Ancient sedimentary DNA evidence shows that large blooms of the haptophyte algae Phaeocystis antarctica enhanced marine carbon uptake during the Antarctic Cold Reversal.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"901-908"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01761-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-resolution global model nails down the primary driving force of the India–Asia collision","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01776-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01776-3","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of plate motion and intraplate stress with a high-resolution, plate-boundary-resolving, global convection model has made it possible to holistically evaluate plate driving forces and reveal that Sumatra–Java slab pull is the predominant driver of the India–Eurasia collision. This suggests the growth of the Tibetan Plateau required external forces from adjacent subduction zones.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"823-824"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clues from asteroids about Earth’s volatiles","authors":"Takaaki Noguchi","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01775-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01775-4","url":null,"abstract":"Samples returned from the asteroids Ryugu and Bennu shed insight on H2O ice and nitrogen-bearing organic matter in the Solar System and on Earth.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"812-814"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of asteroid Bennu transformed by aqueous alteration","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01765-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01765-6","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of millimetre-sized fragments from asteroid Bennu suggests that its parent asteroid coalesced in the outer Solar System from primordial nebular dust and ice and was poor in chondrules, objects common in primitive meteorites. Abundant phyllosilicates with minor sulfides, carbonates and magnetite formed during early alteration by water, with evaporite minerals forming later.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"819-820"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space weathering effects in Bennu asteroid samples","authors":"L. P. Keller,&nbsp;M. S. Thompson,&nbsp;L. B. Seifert,&nbsp;L. E. Melendez,&nbsp;K. L. Thomas-Keprta,&nbsp;L. Le,&nbsp;C. J. Snead,&nbsp;K. C. Welten,&nbsp;K. Nishiizumi,&nbsp;M. W. Caffee,&nbsp;J. Masarik,&nbsp;H. Busemann,&nbsp;D. Krietsch,&nbsp;C. Maden,&nbsp;Z. Rahman,&nbsp;C. A. Dukes,&nbsp;E. A. Cloutis,&nbsp;Z. Gainsforth,&nbsp;S. A. Sandford,&nbsp;D. N. DellaGiustina,&nbsp;H. C. Connolly Jr.,&nbsp;D. S. Lauretta","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01745-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01745-w","url":null,"abstract":"The OSIRIS-REx mission deployed contact pad samplers to collect regolith from the uppermost surface of the asteroid Bennu that was exposed to the space environment. Space weathering processes, dominated by micrometeoroid impacts and solar irradiation, modify the mineralogy and chemistry of exposed surfaces to produce solar wind-amorphized layers on clays, metallic whiskers associated with high temperature melts and Fe nitride created by the reaction of indigenous N-bearing gases with space-weathered surfaces. Here, we use cosmogenic noble gases and radionuclides to suggest that the upper metre of Bennu’s regolith has been exposed to cosmic rays for 2–7 million years, consistent with remote sensing observations indicating that the asteroid’s surface is dynamic and regularly modified by mass movement. Solar energetic particle track and microcrater densities constrain the space weathering spectral changes observed in Hokioi crater to &lt;50,000 years. These spectral changes are driven largely by the accumulation of impact melt deposits on particle surfaces, although compositional or grain size effects may also occur. Comparison of Bennu samples with those collected from the asteroids Ryugu and Itokawa suggest that micrometeoroid impacts might play a more active and rapid role in the space weathering of asteroidal surfaces than was initially suggested, particularly for carbonaceous bodies. Material from the Hokioi crater on asteroid Bennu experienced space weathering and suggests microcratering plays a more active role on carbonaceous bodies than initially thought, according to a study of OSIRIS-REx asteroid return samples.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"825-831"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01745-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical evidence for hydrothermal alteration of Bennu samples","authors":"T. J. Zega,&nbsp;T. J. McCoy,&nbsp;S. S. Russell,&nbsp;L. P. Keller,&nbsp;Z. Gainsforth,&nbsp;S. A. Singerling,&nbsp;V. R. Manga,&nbsp;C. Harrison,&nbsp;G. Libourel,&nbsp;B. S. Prince,&nbsp;K. Thomas-Keprta,&nbsp;A. King,&nbsp;M. Portail,&nbsp;V. Guigoz,&nbsp;V. Tu,&nbsp;L. Le,&nbsp;M. Thompson,&nbsp;M. C. Benner,&nbsp;N. A. Kerrison,&nbsp;J. J. Barnes,&nbsp;I. Ong,&nbsp;P. Haenecour,&nbsp;L. Chaves,&nbsp;L. Smith,&nbsp;M. Kontogiannis,&nbsp;N. Vega Santiago,&nbsp;D. Hill,&nbsp;Z. Zeszut,&nbsp;K. Domanik,&nbsp;Y.-J. Chang,&nbsp;C. M. Corrigan,&nbsp;S. Ray,&nbsp;L. R. Wardell,&nbsp;T. Gooding,&nbsp;T. R. Rose,&nbsp;H. C. Bates,&nbsp;P. F. Schofield,&nbsp;N. V. Almeida,&nbsp;T. Salge,&nbsp;J. Najorka,&nbsp;L. B. Seifert,&nbsp;N. Lunning,&nbsp;K. Righter,&nbsp;A. N. Nguyen,&nbsp;F. E. Brenker,&nbsp;S. A. Eckley,&nbsp;J. P. Dworkin,&nbsp;R. H. Jones,&nbsp;S. A. Sandford,&nbsp;M. A. Marcus,&nbsp;H. A. Bechtel,&nbsp;G. Dominguez,&nbsp;H. Yurimoto,&nbsp;N. Kawasaki,&nbsp;K. Bajo,&nbsp;N. Sakamoto,&nbsp;P.-M. Zanetta,&nbsp;S. Tachibana,&nbsp;H. Busemann,&nbsp;V. E. Hamilton,&nbsp;I. A. Franchi,&nbsp;M. Grady,&nbsp;R. C. Greenwood,&nbsp;K. Tait,&nbsp;N. Timms,&nbsp;P. Bland,&nbsp;F. Jourdan,&nbsp;S. M. Reddy,&nbsp;W. Rickard,&nbsp;D. Saxey,&nbsp;L. Vincze,&nbsp;H. C. Connolly Jr.,&nbsp;D. S. Lauretta","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01741-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01741-0","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of asteroid (101955) Bennu delivered by the OSIRIS-REx mission offer the opportunity to study pristine planetary materials unchanged by exposure to the terrestrial environment. Here we use a combination of X-ray diffraction and various electron microscopy techniques to explore the detailed mineralogy of Bennu samples and determine the alteration history of the planetesimal protolith from which they originated. The samples consist largely of hydrated sheet-silicate minerals, namely nanoscale serpentine and saponite of varied grain size, which are decorated with micro- to nanoscale Fe-sulfides, magnetite and carbonates. We observe sheet silicates parallel and normal to sulfide surfaces and as inclusions in sulfides; sulfur-rich veins transecting the sheet-silicate matrix; zoned carbonates and phosphates and sulfide and magnetite grains exhibiting embayment. The mineralogical evidence indicates alteration of accreted minerals by a fluid that evolved with time, leading to etching, dissolution and reprecipitation. Sulfide compositions indicate alteration at ~25 °C, similar to conditions inferred for asteroid (162173) Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrite meteorites. The fluid probably evolved from neutral to alkaline, culminating with the precipitation of highly soluble salts. We conclude that Bennu’s protolith comprised mainly nanometre to micrometre silicates, with fewer chondrules and calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions than those of most chondrite groups. Samples returned from asteroid Bennu largely comprise hydrated sheet silicates with sulfides, magnetite and carbonate that indicate alteration by a fluid that evolved from neutral to alkaline, according to a micro- and nanoscale mineralogical study.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"832-839"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01741-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin is an overlooked methane source in anoxic ecosystems","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01767-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01767-4","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin and the monophenols that constitute this polymer promote methane production in anoxic ecosystems, contributing an estimated 1.2–14.2% of methane emissions in peatland. The methoxy group can be directly converted to methane by methanogens. Consequently, increased lignin input to peatland from shrub encroachment would release more methane than previously thought.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"821-822"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing India–Eurasia collision predominantly driven by Sumatra–Java slab pull","authors":"Qunfan Zheng,&nbsp;Jiashun Hu,&nbsp;Michael Gurnis,&nbsp;Ling Chen,&nbsp;Yaolin Shi,&nbsp;Xueyang Bao,&nbsp;Yingjie Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01771-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01771-8","url":null,"abstract":"Continued India–Eurasia convergence since the early Palaeogene has led to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. Yet the primary driving mechanisms of this protracted convergence remain debated, limiting our understanding of continental collision dynamics. Here we provide a holistic quantification of various driving forces to this convergence by integrating high-resolution, plate-boundary-resolving global convection models with observational constraints. Whereas different forces can produce the observed plate motion, we show that the primary driving force can be definitively constrained when Indo-Australian intraplate stress and strain rates are used as constraints in addition to plate motions. Specifically, we identify that the position of the transition in stress orientation within the Indo-Australian plate is highly sensitive to the relative strength of plate-boundary forces. When the plate motion and this stress-orientation transition are fit simultaneously, we find slab pull from Sumatra–Java subduction is the predominant driving force of India–Eurasia convergence with continental collision exerting an overall resisting force and rule out mantle basal drag playing more than a secondary role. We suggest slab pull from adjacent subduction zones has been the primary driver of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since its onset and so this may be an exceptional event in Earth’s history. The main driving force for the continuing India–Eurasia collision is slab pull from the adjacent Sunda subduction zone, according to global geodynamic simulations constrained by observations including the Indo-Australian intraplate stress distribution.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"909-915"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}