Nature Geoscience最新文献

{"title":"Iron as a driver of organic carbon fate in permafrost regions","authors":"S. Opfergelt, E. M. Herndon, C. Bryce, A. J. Barker, C. Hirst","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02015-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02015-z","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) and its biogeochemical interactions with organic carbon (OC) exert critical controls over carbon storage and water quality across Arctic and sub-Arctic landscapes. Permafrost thaw affects Fe–organic carbon interactions by exposing thawed material and driving shifts in hydrologic regimes. Here we propose a conceptual framework describing how Fe–OC interactions respond to permafrost thaw and the implications for global carbon cycling. The framework builds on current understanding of hydrologically driven processes that are altered by permafrost thaw, including microbial Fe reduction that influences OC decomposition and carbon emissions; Fe cycling through redox transformations and sulfide oxidation; dissolution and reprecipitation of Fe–OC assemblages; and Fe export to river networks. We put forward four testable hypotheses—on topics from Fe supply to its role in soil OC storage and transfer to rivers—to advance understanding of the coupled environmental controls on pore-scale reactions (that is, microscale reactions at mineral–water–microorganism interfaces) that are central to global Fe–OC cycling. Our framework highlights how soil-profile- and landscape-scale processes, such as hydrologic connectivity and redox dynamics, regulate pore-scale Fe–OC reactions. This Perspective explores how changes in microbial and hydrological processes, in response to permafrost thaw across Arctic landscapes, alter iron–organic carbon interactions and therefore carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 7","pages":"750-758"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking plates to plumes in the Cretaceous Pacific","authors":"Joanne Whittaker","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02026-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02026-w","url":null,"abstract":"Two independent studies imply that a remarkable burst of voluminous volcanism on the Pacific plate during the Cretaceous is attributable to coupled plate–mantle dynamics. Together, their findings show how enhanced subduction, mantle heterogeneity, and plate tectonic boundaries collectively controlled the timing and expression of these oceanic large igneous provinces.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 7","pages":"745-746"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deep link between intraplate volcanism and plate tectonics","authors":"Garrett Ito","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02027-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02027-9","url":null,"abstract":"Two independent studies suggest that thousands of submarine volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean and offshore Africa are likely to have resulted from two high-temperature structures in the lower mantle, whose location and morphology are influenced by plate subduction. Together, their findings imply many forms of intraplate volcanism are tied to plate tectonics through the deep mantle.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 7","pages":"743-744"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid changes in global river particulate organic carbon flux","authors":"Shang Tian, Dongfeng Li, Pierre Regnier, Joshua F. Dean, Jaia Syvitski, Maoyuan Feng, Anmeng Sha, Yi Zhao, Yingzhong Luo, Cihong Fang, Qiuwen Chen, Dianchang Wang, Jinren Ni","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02034-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02034-w","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic sequestration of river-exported particulate organic carbon (POC) is an important carbon sink, yet current global carbon budgets often overlook the temporal variability of land–ocean POC export under recent anthropogenic perturbations. Here we estimate trends in near-surface POC flux for 2,409 global rivers from 1984 to 2018 using a satellite-based retrieval framework (Aqua-OC). We find temporal trends in the POC flux in 47% of rivers (1,122 out of 2,409), with 33% (784 rivers) exhibiting increasing trends. Satellite-constrained global river POC flux increases by ~20%, from 144 ± 29 Mt yr−1 in the 1980s to 171 ± 35 Mt yr−1 in the 2010s. These increases are largely driven by tropical deforestation and Arctic permafrost thaw, which outweigh the dampening effects of dams across the Northern Hemisphere. We identify that previously poorly surveyed high-standing islands exhibit an approximately threefold higher increase rate in POC flux than the global mean and contribute disproportionately (~14%) to global river POC export despite covering only ~3% of Earth’s land area. Our analysis reveals rapid decadal changes in global POC transfer within the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum, emphasizing the need to include the temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of river carbon flux into global carbon budgets. Satellite observations suggest an approximate 20% increase in global riverine particulate organic carbon export to the ocean over the past four decades, driven primarily by tropical deforestation and Arctic permafrost thaw.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"931-937"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterotrophic bacteria in the dark ocean are major contributors to CO2 fixation","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02014-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02014-0","url":null,"abstract":"By quantifying carbon fixation in obligate heterotrophic bacteria across the global ocean, we show that about 20% of dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation arises from anaplerotic processes — reaching up to almost half of dark DIC fixation in some regions or conditions.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"868-869"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread deoxygenation of freshwater ecosystems regularly reversed by nutrient management","authors":"Yongqiang Zhou, Jinling Wang, Lei Zhou, Yinjun Zhang, Jianming Deng, Wei Zhi, Yunlin Zhang, Boqiang Qin, Fengchang Wu, R. Iestyn Woolway, Stephen F. Jane, Kevin C. Rose, Erik Jeppesen, David P. Hamilton, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Peter R. Leavitt","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02024-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02024-y","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved oxygen concentrations regulate diverse aquatic ecosystem processes from organismal respiration to biogeochemical cycles, yet concentrations have declined markedly in flowing and standing waters in Europe and North America during recent decades. While atmospheric warming partially explains this deoxygenation, land-use changes such as farming and urbanization have also intensified depletion of dissolved oxygen, which suggests that improved land management could prevent widespread oxygen loss from freshwaters. Here we analysed monthly dissolved oxygen concentration, percent oxygen saturation and coeval environmental variables in 972 river and 354 lake sites in China from January 2005 to December 2022 to assess how extensive restoration efforts to control nutrient pollution correspond with changes in freshwater oxygen levels. Despite surface water warming of +1.2 °C per decade, dissolved oxygen concentration and percent saturation increased markedly in rivers and lakes resulting in a rapid and substantial decrease in the incidence of hypoxia and anoxia. Long-term increases in dissolved oxygen were correlated negatively with biochemical oxygen demand, but not with phytoplankton abundance. We conclude that effective nutrient management at the sub-continental scale can reverse widespread freshwater deoxygenation, thereby improving fisheries, biodiversity and ecosystem health, while reducing the risk of exceeding critical planetary boundaries even in the face of global warming. Dissolved oxygen concentrations increased in rivers and lakes across China between 2005 and 2022 due to nutrient management and despite climate warming-related decreases, according to a study of dissolved oxygen and environmental variables.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"922-930"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMOC response to historical freshwater increase","authors":"Marion Devilliers, Didier Swingedouw, Torge Martin, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Ilana Schiller-Weiss, Juliette Mignot, Steffen M. Olsen, Julie Deshayes","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02028-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02028-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"874-876"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: AMOC response to historical freshwater increase","authors":"Gabriel M. Pontes, Laurie Menviel","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02029-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02029-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"877-879"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148336490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting drivers of South Asian summer and winter monsoon evolution during the last deglaciation","authors":"Igor Obreht, Andreas Lückge, Mahyar Mohtadi, Petra Zahajská, Enno Schefuß, Denis Scholz, Lars Wörmer, Petter Hällberg, Alexander Budsky, Florian Adolphi, Gerald H. Haug, Martin Grosjean, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02023-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02023-z","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing past South Asian monsoon dynamics, which governs wind and rainfall patterns across the Indian subcontinent, is crucial for understanding low-latitude climate. Constraining monsoon drivers requires separating summer and winter components in palaeoclimate archives, but this remains challenging because proxy signals usually integrate seasonal signals. The northeastern Arabian Sea provides a unique setting in which sedimentary and geochemical proxies are driven by the summer monsoon, while sea surface temperature is primarily controlled by winter monsoon winds. Here we employed mass spectrometry and hyperspectral imaging on a sediment core off Pakistan to reconstruct subdecadal changes in sea surface temperature and marine primary production during the last deglaciation (~16,000–12,000 years ago). Atmospheric humidity and vegetation changes were additionally assessed by plant-wax isotope analyses on a subset of samples. We show that summer monsoon winds were driven by the Northern Hemisphere high-latitude climate on centennial-to-millennial timescales. Winter monsoon was primarily characterized by a millennial-scale decline in wind strength driven by increasing global temperatures, with superimposed centennial-scale variability. We identified an inverse relationship between winter monsoon wind strength and the amount of winter non-monsoonal precipitation. Mechanistic insights of seasonal monsoon dynamics improved interpretation of regional palaeoprecipitation records and may enhance climate model performances in low latitudes. The intensity and centennial-scale variability of the winter and summer South Asian monsoons were controlled by different drivers during the last deglaciation, according to mass spectrometry and hyperspectral imaging, supported by geochemical analyses of a sediment core from the Arabian Sea.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"959-965"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-026-02023-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148290986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposing hydroclimate extremes in Central and mainland Southeast Asia over past millennium","authors":"Na Wang, Sylvia Dee, Jun Hu, Kaustubh Thirumalai","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02020-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02020-2","url":null,"abstract":"Modern instrumental observations indicate increasing drought in monsoonal mainland Southeast Asia and more frequent extreme precipitation events in arid Central Asia. These changes underlie the emergence of atypical hydroclimate extremes that deviate from the mean climate background, posing severe threats to local agriculture and ecosystems. However, it remains unclear whether these new extremes differ from those arising from natural climate variability and whether their recent co-occurrence is coincidental or dynamically linked through large-scale ocean–atmosphere interactions. Here we use palaeoclimate reanalysis that combines proxy records spanning the past millennium and climate models to show an unprecedented increase of intense dry extremes in mainland Southeast Asia and wet extremes in Central Asia since pre-industrial times. We further demonstrate that their co-occurrence is associated with coupled sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific and Indian oceans, which modulates atmospheric circulation and moisture transport, producing contrasting precipitation anomalies between the two regions. Multimodel simulations of the past millennium, the historical period and future warming scenarios consistently reveal a robust coupling between precipitation in Central and Mainland Southeast Asia and its linkage to oceanic forcing. This persistent large-scale mechanism provides a physical basis for anticipating synchronous hydroclimate extremes across geographically distant regions of Asia. Opposing wet and dry conditions in Central and mainland Southeast Asia over the past millennium were controlled by climate variability over the Pacific and Indian oceans, a pattern likely to become more severe due to ongoing warming, according to an analysis of palaeoclimate records.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 8","pages":"951-958"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148290988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}