Nature Geoscience最新文献_第10页

Daytime urban heat stress in North America reduced by irrigation 灌溉减少了北美城市白天的热压力

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01613-z

TC Chakraborty, Yun Qian, Jianfeng Li, L. Ruby Leung, Chandan Sarangi

{"title":"Daytime urban heat stress in North America reduced by irrigation","authors":"TC Chakraborty, Yun Qian, Jianfeng Li, L. Ruby Leung, Chandan Sarangi","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01613-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01613-z","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of irrigation on heat stress, partly stemming from the choice of heat stress index. Moreover, existing simulations are at scales that cannot appropriately resolve population centres or clouds and thus the potential for human impacts. Using multi-year convection-permitting and urban-resolving regional climate simulations, we demonstrate that irrigation alleviates summertime heat stress across more than 1,600 urban clusters in North America. This holds true for most physiologically relevant heat stress indices. The impact of irrigation varies by climate zone, with more notable irrigation signals seen for arid urban clusters that are situated near heavily irrigated fields. Through a component attribution framework, we show that irrigation-induced changes in wet-bulb temperature, often used as a moist heat stress proxy in the geosciences, exhibit an opposite sign to the corresponding changes in wet bulb globe temperature—a more complete index for assessing both indoor and outdoor heat risk—across climate zones. In contrast, the local changes in both wet-bulb and wet bulb globe temperature due to urbanization have the same sign. Our results demonstrate a complex relationship between irrigation and heat stress, highlighting the importance of using appropriate heat stress indices when assessing the potential for population-scale human impacts. Convection-permitting regional climate simulations suggest that irrigation reduces daytime urban heat stress in North America.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variation in slip behaviour along megathrusts controlled by multiple physical properties 由多种物理性质控制的巨型逆冲断层滑动行为的变化

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01617-9

Dan Bassett, Donna J. Shillington, Laura M. Wallace, Julie L. Elliott

{"title":"Variation in slip behaviour along megathrusts controlled by multiple physical properties","authors":"Dan Bassett, Donna J. Shillington, Laura M. Wallace, Julie L. Elliott","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01617-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01617-9","url":null,"abstract":"Megathrusts, faults at the plate interface in subduction zones, exhibit substantial spatiotemporal variability in their slip behaviour. Many previous attempts to discern the physical controls on their slip behaviour have focused on individual variables, often associated with the physical properties of either the subducting plate (for example, its age and roughness) or the overriding plate (for example, its thickness and rigidity). Such studies, which are often location-specific or focused on single variables, have fuelled contrasting views on the relative importance of various physical properties on megathrust slip behaviour. Here we synthesize observations of the Alaska, Hikurangi and Nankai subduction zones to ascertain the main causes of the well-documented changes in interseismic coupling and earthquake behaviour along their megathrusts. In all three cases, along-trench changes in the distribution of rigid crustal rocks in the forearc, the geometry of the subducting slab and the upper-plate stress state drive considerable variability in the downdip width of the seismogenic zone. The subducting plate is systematically rougher in creeping regions, with fault-zone heterogeneity promoting a mixture of moderate to large earthquakes, near-trench seismicity and slow-slip events. Smoother subducting plate segments (with thicker sediment cover) are more strongly correlated with deep interseismic coupling and great (>Mw 8) earthquakes. In the three regions considered, there is no one dominant variable. Rather, we conclude that several physical properties affecting the dimensions and heterogeneity of megathrusts collectively explain observed along-trench transitions in slip behaviour at these subduction zones, and potentially at many other subduction zones worldwide. Multiple factors, including slab geometry and upper-plate stress state, determine the variation in slip behaviour along most megathrusts, according to a synthesis of observations of the Alaska, Hikurangi and Nankai subduction zones.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"20-31"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capture of an ancient Charon around Pluto 捕捉到一颗环绕冥王星的古冥卫一

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01612-0

C. Adeene Denton, Erik Asphaug, Alexandre Emsenhuber, Robert Melikyan

{"title":"Capture of an ancient Charon around Pluto","authors":"C. Adeene Denton, Erik Asphaug, Alexandre Emsenhuber, Robert Melikyan","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01612-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01612-0","url":null,"abstract":"Pluto and Charon are the largest binary system in the known population of trans-Neptunian objects in the outer Solar System. Their shared external orbital axis suggests a linked evolutionary history and collisional origin. Their radii, ~1,200 km and ~600 km, respectively, and Charon’s wide circular orbit of about 16 Pluto radii require a formation mechanism that places a large mass fraction into orbit, with sufficient angular momentum to drive tidal orbital expansion. Here we numerically model the collisional capture of Charon by Pluto using simulations that include material strength. In our simulations, friction distributes impact momentum, leading Charon and Pluto to become temporarily connected, instead of merging, for impacts aligned with the target’s rotation. In this ‘kiss-and-capture’ regime, coalescence of the bodies is prevented by strength. For a prograde target rotation consistent with the system angular momentum, Charon is then tidally decoupled and raised into a near-circular orbit from which it migrates outwards to distances consistent with its present orbit. Charon is captured relatively intact in this scenario, retaining its core and most of its mantle, which implies that Charon could be as ancient as Pluto. Numerical simulations suggest that Pluto’s moon Charon was captured intact, in a scenario in which the two bodies temporarily merged in a collision but did not coalesce due to solid strength effects.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 marked the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age 大气中二氧化碳的快速上升标志着晚古生代冰河时代的结束

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01610-2

Hana Jurikova, Claudio Garbelli, Ross Whiteford, Theodore Reeves, Gemma M. Laker, Volker Liebetrau, Marcus Gutjahr, Anton Eisenhauer, Kotryna Savickaite, Melanie J. Leng, Dawid Adam Iurino, Marco Viaretti, Adam Tomašových, Yuchen Zhang, Wen-qian Wang, G. R. Shi, Shu-zhong Shen, James W. B. Rae, Lucia Angiolini

{"title":"Rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 marked the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age","authors":"Hana Jurikova, Claudio Garbelli, Ross Whiteford, Theodore Reeves, Gemma M. Laker, Volker Liebetrau, Marcus Gutjahr, Anton Eisenhauer, Kotryna Savickaite, Melanie J. Leng, Dawid Adam Iurino, Marco Viaretti, Adam Tomašových, Yuchen Zhang, Wen-qian Wang, G. R. Shi, Shu-zhong Shen, James W. B. Rae, Lucia Angiolini","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01610-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01610-2","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric CO2 is thought to play a fundamental role in Earth’s climate regulation. Yet, for much of Earth’s geological past, atmospheric CO2 has been poorly constrained, hindering our understanding of transitions between cool and warm climates. Beginning ~370 million years ago in the Late Devonian and ending ~260 million years ago in the Permian, the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age was the last major glaciation preceding the current Late Cenozoic Ice Age and possibly the most intense glaciation witnessed by complex lifeforms. From the onset of the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the mid-Mississippian ~330 million years ago, the Earth is thought to have sustained glacial conditions, with continental ice accumulating in high to mid-latitudes. Here we present an 80-million-year-long boron isotope record within a proxy framework for robust quantification of CO2. Our record reveals that the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age glaciation was maintained by prolonged low CO2, unprecedented in Earth’s history. About 294 million years ago, atmospheric CO2 rose abruptly (4-fold), releasing the Earth from its penultimate ice age and transforming the Early Permian into a warmer world. A pronounced increase in atmospheric CO2 coincided with warming at the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, according to an 80-million-year-long boron isotope CO2 proxy record.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01610-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal productivity of the equatorial Atlantic shaped by distinct wind-driven processes 赤道大西洋的季节性生产力由独特的风驱动过程形成

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01609-9

Peter Brandt, Mareike Körner, James N. Moum, Marisa Roch, Ajit Subramaniam, Rena Czeschel, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, Rainer Kiko

{"title":"Seasonal productivity of the equatorial Atlantic shaped by distinct wind-driven processes","authors":"Peter Brandt, Mareike Körner, James N. Moum, Marisa Roch, Ajit Subramaniam, Rena Czeschel, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, Rainer Kiko","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01609-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01609-9","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern equatorial Atlantic hosts a productive marine ecosystem that depends on upward supply of nitrate, the primary limiting nutrient in this region. The annual productivity peak, indicated by elevated surface chlorophyll levels, occurs in the Northern Hemisphere summer, roughly coinciding with strengthened easterly winds. For enhanced productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, nitrate-rich water must rise into the turbulent layer above the Equatorial Undercurrent. Using data from two trans-Atlantic equatorial surveys, along with extended time series from equatorial moorings, we demonstrate how three independent wind-driven processes shape the seasonality of equatorial Atlantic productivity: (1) the nitracline shoals in response to intensifying easterly winds; (2) the depth of the Equatorial Undercurrent core, defined by maximum eastward velocity, is controlled by an annual oscillation of basin-scale standing equatorial waves; and (3) mixing intensity in the shear zone above the Equatorial Undercurrent core is governed by local and instantaneous winds. The interplay of these three mechanisms shapes a unique seasonal cycle of nutrient supply and productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, with a productivity minimum in April due to a shallow Equatorial Undercurrent and a productivity maximum in July resulting from a shallow nitracline coupled with enhanced mixing. The seasonal timing of peak primary productivity in the eastern equatorial Atlantic is a result of wind-driven processes coinciding with increased surface nitrate supply, according to transect and mooring observations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01609-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reversal of the impact chain for actionable climate information 可操作气候信息影响链的逆转

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w

Peter Pfleiderer, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chahan M. Kropf, Robin D. Lamboll, Quentin Lejeune, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Fabien Maussion, Jamie W. McCaughey, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Benjamin Sanderson, Lilian Schuster, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Emily Theokritoff, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner

{"title":"Reversal of the impact chain for actionable climate information","authors":"Peter Pfleiderer, Thomas L. Frölicher, Chahan M. Kropf, Robin D. Lamboll, Quentin Lejeune, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Fabien Maussion, Jamie W. McCaughey, Yann Quilcaille, Joeri Rogelj, Benjamin Sanderson, Lilian Schuster, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Emily Theokritoff, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01597-w","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risks posed by crossing potentially irreversible Earth and socioecological system thresholds and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an anticipatory response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach linking specific climate risk thresholds, including at the local level, to emissions pathways. We outline the socioeconomic and value judgement dimensions that can inform the identification of such risk thresholds. The applicability of the approach is highlighted by three examples that estimate the required CO2 emissions constraints to avoid critical levels of health-related heat risks in Berlin, fire weather in Portugal and glacier mass loss in High Mountain Asia. We argue that linking risk threshold exceedance directly to global emissions benchmarks can aid the understanding of the benefits of stringent emissions reductions for societies and local decision-makers. Providing actionable climate information requires an end-user focused approach that links specific local climate risk thresholds with global emissions pathways.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes 通过吸附和转化过程保持海洋沉积物中的有机碳

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y

Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W. Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W. Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L. Peacock

{"title":"Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes","authors":"Peyman Babakhani, Andrew W. Dale, Clare Woulds, Oliver W. Moore, Ke-Qing Xiao, Lisa Curti, Caroline L. Peacock","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01606-y","url":null,"abstract":"Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation. This allows redefining of burial efficiency as preservation efficiency, which considers both particulate organic carbon and mineral-phase organic carbon. We show that preservation efficiency is almost three times higher than the conventionally defined burial efficiency and reconciles predictions with global field data. Kinetic sorption and transformation are the dominant controls on organic carbon preservation. We conclude that a synergistic effect between kinetic sorption and molecular transformation (geopolymerization) creates a mineral shuttle in which mineral-phase organic carbon is protected from remineralization in the surface sediment and released at depth. The results explain why transformed organic carbon persists over long timescales and increases with depth. Kinetic sorption and transformation are primary controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments, according to reactive transport model simulations of the cycling and breakdown of particulate and mineral-phase organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01606-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substantial and overlooked greenhouse gas emissions from deep Arctic lake sediment 北极湖泊沉积物中大量被忽视的温室气体排放

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y

Nancy L. Freitas, Katey Walter Anthony, Josefine Lenz, Rachel C. Porras, Margaret S. Torn

{"title":"Substantial and overlooked greenhouse gas emissions from deep Arctic lake sediment","authors":"Nancy L. Freitas, Katey Walter Anthony, Josefine Lenz, Rachel C. Porras, Margaret S. Torn","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01614-y","url":null,"abstract":"Thermokarst lakes cause abrupt and sustained permafrost degradation and have the potential to release large quantities of ancient carbon to the atmosphere. Despite concerns about how lakes will affect the permafrost carbon feedback, the magnitude of carbon dioxide and methane emissions from deep permafrost soils remains poorly understood. Here we incubated a very deep sediment core (20 m) to constrain the potential productivity of thawed Yedoma and underlying Quaternary sand and gravel deposits. Through radiocarbon dating, sediment incubations and sediment facies classifications, we show that extensive permafrost thaw can occur beneath lakes on timescales of decades to centuries. Although it has been assumed that shallow, aerobic carbon dioxide production will dominate the climate impact of permafrost thaw, we found that anaerobic carbon dioxide and methane production from deep sediments was commensurate with aerobic production on a per gram carbon basis, and had double the global warming potential at warmer temperatures. Carbon release from deep Arctic sediments may thus have a more substantial impact on a changing climate than currently anticipated. These environments are presently overlooked in estimates of the permafrost carbon feedback. Deep permafrost soils produce comparable amounts of greenhouse gases as shallow soils in response to warming, according to incubation experiments of deep Arctic lake sediments.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01614-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limited decrease of Southern Ocean sulfur productivity across the penultimate termination 南大洋硫生产力在倒数第二个终止期的有限下降

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7

Hubertus Fischer, Andrea Burke, James Rae, Patrick J. Sugden, Tobias Erhardt, Birthe Twarloh, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Bradley Markle, Mirko Severi, Margareta Hansson, Joel Savarino, Helena Pryer, Emily Doyle, Eric Wolff

{"title":"Limited decrease of Southern Ocean sulfur productivity across the penultimate termination","authors":"Hubertus Fischer, Andrea Burke, James Rae, Patrick J. Sugden, Tobias Erhardt, Birthe Twarloh, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Bradley Markle, Mirko Severi, Margareta Hansson, Joel Savarino, Helena Pryer, Emily Doyle, Eric Wolff","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01619-7","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity in the Pleistocene glacial Southern Ocean was probably enhanced owing to iron fertilization by aeolian dust. Marine sediments indicate such an increase north of the modern Antarctic Polar Front but reduced biogenic activity south of it. However, quantitative estimates for the integrated net effect are difficult to obtain. Here we use the SO42− isotopic composition and other geochemical ice core records from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean to reconstruct net changes in integrated biogenic sulfur productivity in the surface ocean over the penultimate glacial termination. We show that biogenic SO42− aerosol contributes 58% and 85% to the sulfate budget in Dronning Maud Land during glacial and interglacial times, respectively, and that biogenic sulfate is derived predominately from the seasonal sea ice zone. Using our quantitative reconstruction of biogenic aerosol production in the Southern Ocean source region, we show that the average biogenic sulfate production integrated over the Atlantic sector was 16% higher in the penultimate glacial 137,000–153,000 years ago compared with the later Last Interglacial 120,000–125,000 years ago. An intermittent decrease in productivity observed during early peak interglacial warming suggests that a reduction in the seasonal sea ice zone may disrupt Southern Ocean ecosystems. Biogenic sulfate production during the penultimate glacial period only modestly exceeded that in the following interglacial, indicating a balancing of dust-driven Subantarctic productivity increases and sea ice-driven high-latitude declines, according to an Antarctic ice core.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds 由于温度引起的人为挥发性有机化合物的排放，热浪中城市臭氧增加

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w

Momei Qin, Yongliang She, Ming Wang, Hongli Wang, Yunhua Chang, Zhaofeng Tan, Jingyu An, Jian Huang, Zibing Yuan, Jun Lu, Qian Wang, Cong Liu, Zhenxin Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Jingyi Li, Hong Liao, Havala O. T. Pye, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, Daniel J. Jacob, Jianlin Hu

{"title":"Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds","authors":"Momei Qin, Yongliang She, Ming Wang, Hongli Wang, Yunhua Chang, Zhaofeng Tan, Jingyu An, Jian Huang, Zibing Yuan, Jun Lu, Qian Wang, Cong Liu, Zhenxin Liu, Xiaodong Xie, Jingyi Li, Hong Liao, Havala O. T. Pye, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, Daniel J. Jacob, Jianlin Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w","url":null,"abstract":"Urban ozone (O3) pollution correlates with temperature, and higher O3 often occurs during heatwaves, threatening public health. However, limited data on how anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC) precursor emissions vary with temperature hinders understanding their impact on O3. Here we show that the increase in non-combustion AVOC emissions (for example, from volatile chemical products) during a heatwave in Shanghai contributes significantly to increased O3, on the basis of ambient measurements, emissions testing and air quality modelling. AVOC concentrations increase ~twofold when the temperature increases from 25 °C to 35 °C due to air stagnation and increased emissions. During the heatwave, higher concentrations result in an 82% increase in VOC OH reactivity. Air quality simulations reveal that temperature-driven AVOC emissions increases account for 8% (1.6 s–1) of this reactivity increase and enhance O3 by 4.6 ppb. Moreover, we predict a more profound (twofold) increase in OH reactivity of oxygenated VOCs, facilitating radical production and O3 formation. Enhanced AVOC emissions trigger O3 enhancements in large cities in East China during a heatwave, and similar effects may also happen in other AVOC-sensitive megacities globally. Reducing AVOC emissions, particularly non-combustion sources, which are currently less understood and regulated, could mitigate potential O3 pollution in urban environments during heatwaves. Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0