Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01504-3
Lei Liu, Zhang Wen, Sheng Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Xuejun Liu
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Decline in atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China between 2010 and 2020","authors":"Lei Liu, Zhang Wen, Sheng Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Xuejun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01504-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 8","pages":"816-816"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01504-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01499-x
{"title":"Lessons from the Nile about rivers and society","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01499-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01499-x","url":null,"abstract":"The Holocene flooding and sedimentation history of the Nile illustrates how fluvial geomorphology has long influenced human society.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 7","pages":"587-587"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01499-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01478-2
Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi, Surendra Adhikari, Mathieu Dumberry, Sadegh Modiri, Robert Heinkelmann, Harald Schuh, Siddhartha Mishra, Benedikt Soja
{"title":"Contributions of core, mantle and climatological processes to Earth’s polar motion","authors":"Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi, Surendra Adhikari, Mathieu Dumberry, Sadegh Modiri, Robert Heinkelmann, Harald Schuh, Siddhartha Mishra, Benedikt Soja","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01478-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01478-2","url":null,"abstract":"Earth’s spin axis slowly moves relative to the crust over time. A 120-year-long record of this polar motion from astronomical and more modern geodetic measurements displays interannual and multidecadal fluctuations of 20 to 40 milliarcseconds superimposed on a secular trend of about 3 milliarcseconds per year. Earth’s polar motion is thought to be driven by various surface and interior processes, but how these processes operate and interact to produce the observed signal remains enigmatic. Here we show that predictions made by an ensemble of physics-informed neural networks trained on measurements to capture geophysical processes can explain the main features of the observed polar motion. We find that glacial isostatic adjustment and mantle convection primarily account for the secular trend. Mass redistribution on the Earth’s surface—for example, ice melting and global changes in water storage—yields a relatively weak trend but explains about 90% of the interannual and multidecadal variations. We also find that core processes contribute to both the secular trend and fluctuations in polar motion, either due to variations in torque at the core–mantle boundary or dynamical feedback of the core in response to surface mass changes. Our findings provide constraints on core–mantle interactions for which observations are rare and global ice mass balance over the past century and suggest feedback operating between climate-related surface processes and core dynamics. Core processes, dynamically linked to mantle and climate-related surface processes, contribute to both the long-term trend and shorter-term fluctuations observed in Earth’s polar motion, according to predictions from physics-informed neural networks.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 7","pages":"705-710"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01478-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01491-5
Lei Huang, R. Iestyn Woolway, Axel Timmermann, Sun-Seon Lee, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi
{"title":"Emergence of lake conditions that exceed natural temperature variability","authors":"Lei Huang, R. Iestyn Woolway, Axel Timmermann, Sun-Seon Lee, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01491-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01491-5","url":null,"abstract":"Lake surface temperatures are projected to increase under climate change, which could trigger shifts in the future distribution of thermally sensitive aquatic species. Of particular concern for lake ecosystems are when temperatures increase outside the range of natural variability, without analogue either today or in the past. However, our knowledge of when such no-analogue conditions will appear remains uncertain. Here, using daily outputs from a large ensemble of SSP3-7.0 Earth system model projections, we show that these conditions will emerge at the surface of many northern lakes under a global warming of 4.0 °C above pre-industrial conditions. No-analogue conditions will occur sooner, under 2.4 °C of warming, at lower latitudes, primarily due to a weaker range of natural variability, which increases the likelihood of the upper natural limit of lake temperature being exceeded. Similar patterns are also projected in subsurface water, with no-analogue conditions occurring first at low latitudes and occurring last, if at all, at higher latitudes. Our study suggests that global warming will induce changes across the water column, particularly at low latitudes, leading to the emergence of unparalleled climates with no modern counterparts, probably affecting their habitability and leading to rearrangements of freshwater habitats this century. Earth system models project that lake temperatures will warm beyond the range of natural variability to which aquatic ecosystems are adapted in the coming decades, with conditions exceeding natural analogues sooner at lower latitudes.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 8","pages":"763-769"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01491-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01477-3
Falko Langenhorst
{"title":"Silica in a state of shock","authors":"Falko Langenhorst","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01477-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01477-3","url":null,"abstract":"Simple silica exists in many forms on Earth, as Falko Langenhorst explains. Some of these polymorphs can shed light on the Earth’s violent past.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 7","pages":"592-593"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01489-z
David Hernández-Uribe
{"title":"Generation of Archaean oxidizing and wet magmas from mafic crustal overthickening","authors":"David Hernández-Uribe","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01489-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01489-z","url":null,"abstract":"The geodynamic setting leading to the formation of Earth’s first continents remains debated. Zircons preserved in Archaean granitoids record evidence of a relatively oxidizing and wet magmatic source. Subduction-related mechanisms for the formation of Archaean granitoids have been invoked to explain these signatures, suggesting an early initiation of subduction on Earth between 4.0 and 3.6 billion years ago, in the Eoarchaean era. Here I use forward petrological modelling and Monte Carlo randomization models to show that relatively oxidizing and wet magmas resembling Archaean granitoids worldwide can occur from melts derived from the partial melting of an overthickened mafic crust in a non-subduction scenario. The formation of oxidizing and wet magmatic signatures is therefore not diagnostic of continental crust generation by subduction or of subduction initiation in the Eoarchaean. Instead, the apparent observed increase in oxygen fugacity and water contents during the Eoarchaean may indicate magmatic thickening and melting of overthickened crust with time, suggesting that this process may have contributed to the development of Earth’s first continents. The high oxygen fugacities and water contents recorded by zircons from Archaean granitoids can be explained by partial melting at the base of overthickened oceanic crust without requiring subduction, according to a phase equilibrium modelling study.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 8","pages":"809-813"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01484-4
Lei Liu, Zhang Wen, Sheng Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Xuejun Liu
{"title":"Decline in atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China between 2010 and 2020","authors":"Lei Liu, Zhang Wen, Sheng Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Xuejun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01484-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01484-4","url":null,"abstract":"The deposition of atmospheric nitrogen sourced from emissions has broad environmental consequences, but long-term measurements of recent air pollution control and nitrogen management effectiveness in China are rare. Here we report measurements from a ground-based monitoring network that show a 14% decline in the rate of nitrogen deposition over China from 2010 to 2020, including a 34% decrease in oxidized nitrogen (mainly industrial) and a 10% decline in reduced nitrogen (mostly agricultural) with larger declines over eastern China. The increasing ratio of reduced to oxidized nitrogen deposition (from 1.5 to 2.0 between 2010 and 2020) underscores the need for effective agricultural nitrogen management. Nitrogen deposition in China decreased by 14% between 2010 and 2020, with greater declines in nitrogen from industrial than agricultural sources, according to decadal observations of atmospheric deposition of different forms of reactive nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 8","pages":"733-736"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01471-9
Cécile L. Blanchet, Arne Ramisch, Rik Tjallingii, Monica Ionita, Louison Laruelle, Meike Bagge, Volker Klemann, Achim Brauer
{"title":"Climatic pacing of extreme Nile floods during the North African Humid Period","authors":"Cécile L. Blanchet, Arne Ramisch, Rik Tjallingii, Monica Ionita, Louison Laruelle, Meike Bagge, Volker Klemann, Achim Brauer","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01471-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01471-9","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how large river systems will respond to an invigorated hydrological cycle as simulated under higher global temperatures is a pressing issue. Insights can be gained from studying past wetter-than-present intervals, such as the North African Humid Period during the early Holocene Epoch (~11–6 thousand years ago). Here we present a 1,500-year-long annually laminated (varved) offshore sediment record that tracks the seasonal discharge of the Nile River during the North African Humid Period. The record reveals mobilization of large amounts of sediments during strong summer floods that may have rendered the Nile valley uninhabitable. More frequent and rapid transitions between extremely strong and weak floods between 9.2 and 8.6 thousand years ago indicate highly instable fluvial dynamics. Climate simulations suggest flood variability was paced by El Niño/Southern Oscillation on interannual timescales, while multi-decadal oscillatory modes drove changes in extreme flood events. These pacemakers have also been identified in the Nile flow records from the Common Era, which implies their stationarity under contrasting hydroclimatic conditions. Extreme and highly variable summer floods in the Nile River valley through the North African Humid Period were modulated by both interannual and multi-decadal climate modes, according to an offshore sedimentary archive.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 7","pages":"638-644"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01471-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01473-7
Yuan Xie, Attila Balázs, Taras Gerya, Xiong Xiong
{"title":"Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau driven by mantle delamination from the overriding plate","authors":"Yuan Xie, Attila Balázs, Taras Gerya, Xiong Xiong","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01473-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01473-7","url":null,"abstract":"The geodynamic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau remains highly debated. Any model of its evolution must explain the plateau’s growth as constrained by palaeo-altitude studies, the spatio-temporal distribution of magmatic activity, and the lithospheric mantle removal inferred from seismic velocity anomalies in the underlying mantle. Several conflicting models have been proposed, but none of these explains the first-order topographic, magmatic and seismic features self-consistently. Here we propose and test numerically an evolutionary model of the plateau that involves gradual peeling of the lithospheric mantle from the overriding plate and consequent mantle and crustal melting and uplift. We show that this model successfully reproduces the successive surface uplift of the plateau to more than 4 km above sea level and is consistent with the observed migration of magmatism and geometry of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary resulting from subduction of the Indian plate and delamination of the mantle lithosphere of the Eurasian plate. These comparisons indicate that mantle delamination from the overriding plate is the driving force behind the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and, potentially, orogenic plateaus more generally. Delamination of the lithospheric mantle from the overriding Eurasian plate below the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with topographic, magmatic and seismic observations, according to numerical simulations of the geodynamic evolution of the plateau.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 7","pages":"683-688"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01473-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nature GeosciencePub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01488-0
{"title":"The rise of the Tibetan Plateau was controlled by overriding plate mantle delamination","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01488-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01488-0","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution numerical simulations show that subduction of the Indian plate peeled off the mantle lithosphere from the Tibetan Plateau. This process successfully explains first-order observations of the stepwise growth of the plateau, the migration of magmatism in the region and its seismic properties.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 7","pages":"598-599"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}