Nature Geoscience最新文献_第3页

Rapid crustal transit of magmas beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift 埃塞俄比亚主裂谷下岩浆的快速地壳传递

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01770-9

Kevin Wong, Daniel Morgan, David Ferguson, Marie Edmonds, Amdemichael Zafu Tadesse, Maeve Murphy Quinlan, Gezahegn Yirgu, Tim Wright

{"title":"Rapid crustal transit of magmas beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift","authors":"Kevin Wong, Daniel Morgan, David Ferguson, Marie Edmonds, Amdemichael Zafu Tadesse, Maeve Murphy Quinlan, Gezahegn Yirgu, Tim Wright","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01770-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01770-9","url":null,"abstract":"As continental rifts evolve towards lithospheric break-up and the formation of an ocean ridge, basaltic dyke intrusion becomes the dominant mechanism of upper-crustal extension, surpassing tectonic faulting. The magmatic architecture within the rifting crust, which governs the availability and pathways of ascending magmas, therefore has a crucial role in the transition from continental- to oceanic-style rifting. Here we use olivine Fe–Mg interdiffusion chronometry to constrain the dynamics and timescales of magma ascent beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift, a continental rift of intermediate tectonic maturity. We find that magmas move rapidly through the crust, replenishing mid-crustal reservoirs only weeks to months before intrusive-eruptive events. Such ascent timescales are comparable to those of dyke intrusion recurrence observed during active phases at more mature rifts; hence, we infer that extensional activity in the Main Ethiopian Rift is probably mediated by the supply of magma from depth. The magmatic architecture and magma ascent rates we propose for the Main Ethiopian Rift indicate that well-established magma plumbing systems, capable of efficiently delivering melts to feed upper-crustal dykes, can develop in a continental rift even before substantial lithospheric thinning has occurred. Magmas beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift ascend through the crust on timescales of only weeks to months, indicating that, during continental rifting, a magmatic plumbing system can be well established before the lithosphere has thinned.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"916-922"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01770-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mediterranean summer marine heatwaves triggered by weaker winds under subtropical ridges 地中海夏季海洋热浪是由亚热带脊下的弱风引发的

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01762-9

Giulia Bonino, Ronan McAdam, Panos Athanasiadis, Leone Cavicchia, Regina R. Rodrigues, Enrico Scoccimarro, Stefano Tibaldi, Simona Masina

{"title":"Mediterranean summer marine heatwaves triggered by weaker winds under subtropical ridges","authors":"Giulia Bonino, Ronan McAdam, Panos Athanasiadis, Leone Cavicchia, Regina R. Rodrigues, Enrico Scoccimarro, Stefano Tibaldi, Simona Masina","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01762-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01762-9","url":null,"abstract":"Marine heatwaves, extended periods of elevated sea surface temperature, impact society and ecosystems, and deeper understanding of their drivers is needed to predict and mitigate adverse effects. These events can be particularly severe in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer although the factors that control their occurrence and duration are not fully known. Here we use a comprehensive multi-decadal macroevent dataset and a cluster analysis to investigate the atmospheric dynamics preceding the largest summer marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea. Our study identifies the favourable conditions leading up to marine heatwave peaks and reveals that their main synoptic cause in the Mediterranean Sea is the combined effect of persistent subtropical anticyclonic ridges and associated weakening of prevailing wind systems. When persistent subtropical ridges are established over the region, the resulting decrease in wind speeds causes a substantial reduction in latent heat loss to the atmosphere, which accounts for over 70% of the total heat flux in affected regions. This reduction, combined with a moderate increase in short-wave radiation, generates and intensifies marine heatwaves. This synergistic relationship represents a key mechanism that is critical for skilfully predicting such atmospheric circulation patterns and realistically simulating their impacts on the marine environment. Reduced winds below subtropical ridges are a key factor in the initiation of summer marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea, according to a statistical analysis of large marine heatwave events.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"848-853"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01762-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methane production from lignin in anoxic peatland 缺氧泥炭地木质素产甲烷

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01758-5

Tuo Liu, Lingyan Li, Kai Xue, Xuemeng Wang, Huiju Li, Yanfen Wang, Xiuzhu Dong

{"title":"Methane production from lignin in anoxic peatland","authors":"Tuo Liu, Lingyan Li, Kai Xue, Xuemeng Wang, Huiju Li, Yanfen Wang, Xiuzhu Dong","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01758-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01758-5","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is a natural plant polymer that accounts for about one-third of the organic carbon in the biosphere. Global warming has led to shrub encroachment and increased lignin input into peatlands. Generally, lignin is recalcitrant to microbial degradation in anoxic environments. Here we report methane production from lignin and its constituent monophenols in a flooded peatland in China based on microcosm experiments. Methane production was higher in the moderate shrub-covered peatland soils that have greater lignin contents compared with those of herb-covered soils. Adding lower contents of lignin and its monophenols promoted methane production of herb soil microcosms, and lignin contributed approximately 1.2–14.2% of the total methane emissions. Isotope tracing and dynamic metabolomic analyses revealed that the methoxy group of vanillin was first converted to methane, and then the aromatic ring carbons were fermented into CO2, acetate, propionate and (iso)butyrate. Lignin and its monophenols enriched the methylotrophic methanogens Methanomassiliicoccus and Methanosarcina, suggesting their involvement in methoxydotrophic methanogenesis. We suggest that lignin should not be overlooked as a source of methane in peatlands, especially given increasing shrub encroachment under global warming. Anaerobic microbial degradation of lignin and derived monophenols enhances methane production in an anoxic peatland in China, according to soil microcosm experiments and metabolomic analyses.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"877-884"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methylmercury formation in water triggered by light-independent plastic weathering 水中甲基汞的形成是由不依赖光的塑性风化引起的

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01766-5

Yingnan Huang, Cun Liu, Zhineng Hao, Fei Dang, Xiao Zhang, Bo Meng, Yujun Wang, Huan Zhong, Baoshan Xing

{"title":"Methylmercury formation in water triggered by light-independent plastic weathering","authors":"Yingnan Huang, Cun Liu, Zhineng Hao, Fei Dang, Xiao Zhang, Bo Meng, Yujun Wang, Huan Zhong, Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01766-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01766-5","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic debris has recently been identified as a hotspot for abiotic metal transformations, triggered primarily by photo-weathering under sunlight. Here we perform a set of experiments with freshwater in the field and laboratory to explore metal transformations under dark conditions. We demonstrate that light-independent weathering of plastics leads to methylation of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) in waterbodies. We propose that methylation occurs via an abiotic pathway involving three chain reaction steps, namely the release of plastic-derived dissolved organic matter (P-DOM), complexation of P-DOM with Hg(II) and intramolecular transfer of methyl groups. P-DOM is released during the light-independent oxidation of plastics via reactive oxygen species. Density functional theory simulations confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of the intramolecular transfer of methyl groups to Hg(II), upon its complexation with oxygen-containing groups in P-DOM. Model estimates demonstrate that polypropylene in freshwater produces methylmercury via this abiotic pathway with Hg(II) methylation potentials from 2.8 × 10−5% per day to 5.5 × 10−2% per day in China and 4.0 × 10−6% per day to 7.5 × 10−3% per day in other regions of the world. Plastic debris is therefore a hidden driver of abiotic methylmercury formation in dark waters. Our study uncovers a pathway through which the ongoing plastic pollution alters mercury cycling, posing a burgeoning threat to planetary health. Abiotic methylation triggered by plastic debris can occur independently of light conditions and therefore drive methylmercury formation in dark waters, according to an experimental study combined with density functional theory calculations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"862-868"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat extremes amplify flash drought impacts on ecosystems 极端高温加剧了突发性干旱对生态系统的影响

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01755-8

Raed Hamed

引用次数: 0

Enrichment of metastable iron minerals in global coastal wetlands 全球滨海湿地亚稳铁矿物富集研究

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01764-7

Hua Ma, Aaron Thompson, Steven J. Hall, Jialin Wang, Yanqi Xiao, Cong-Qiang Liu, Chunmei Chen

{"title":"Enrichment of metastable iron minerals in global coastal wetlands","authors":"Hua Ma, Aaron Thompson, Steven J. Hall, Jialin Wang, Yanqi Xiao, Cong-Qiang Liu, Chunmei Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01764-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01764-7","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal wetlands are important land–ocean interfaces for organic carbon storage. It was assumed that reactive poorly crystalline or short-range-ordered iron minerals enhance organic carbon accrual and persistence. However, these metastable minerals are prone to rapid reductive dissolution, raising uncertainties about their abundance and impact on carbon cycling in coastal wetlands, where anoxia typically prevails. Here we combine a global database of ~23,000 observations and a national survey across China’s coastline. We show that coastal wetlands are enriched preferentially in poorly crystalline or short-range-ordered iron minerals over well-crystalline phases, compared with uplands. Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals that ferrihydrite, nanogoethite and highly disordered phases dominated the iron oxide pool in coastal wetlands, with minor crystalline forms, challenging the notion that reactive metastable minerals are removed preferentially under anoxic conditions. We find that reactive metastable iron was most abundant in tropical wetlands, in contrast with tropical uplands where crystalline minerals predominate. Despite a higher abundance of metastable iron minerals, coastal wetlands had a similar fraction of total organic carbon associated with iron oxides (~13%) to uplands. Furthermore, these widespread metastable iron minerals show no evidence of organic carbon saturation in coastal wetlands, highlighting potential for boosting this rusty carbon sink through management practices. Coastal wetlands are enriched in metastable iron minerals over well-crystalline phases and have a similar fraction of iron oxide-associated organic carbon as uplands, according to a global database combined with a survey of China’s coastal wetlands.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 9","pages":"885-892"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Including overlooked littoral zones in lake carbon budgets can switch lakes to net carbon sinks 在湖泊碳预算中包括被忽视的沿海地区可以将湖泊转变为净碳汇

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01744-x

引用次数: 0

Reaching your audience 接触你的受众

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01777-2

引用次数: 0

Small but mighty sperrylite 小而有力的绿柱石

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01759-4

Hannah S. R. Hughes, Federica Zaccarini, Jens Andersen

引用次数: 0

Drivers of global glacial erosion rates 全球冰川侵蚀速率的驱动因素

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01747-8

Sophie L. Norris, John C. Gosse, Romain Millan, Jeremie Mouginot, Antoine Rabatel, Mathieu Morlighem, Matthew S. M. Bolton, Richard B. Alley

{"title":"Drivers of global glacial erosion rates","authors":"Sophie L. Norris, John C. Gosse, Romain Millan, Jeremie Mouginot, Antoine Rabatel, Mathieu Morlighem, Matthew S. M. Bolton, Richard B. Alley","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01747-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01747-8","url":null,"abstract":"Glacial erosion must be quantified to better constrain numerous geomorphic and orogenic processes; however, accurate models of glacial erosion have been limited by sparse data. Here we use machine learning tools to develop equations that integrate glacial erosion and glaciological, topoclimatic and geological variables based on a global-scale synthesis of 181 contemporary glacier-derived erosion rates. The results reveal environment-specific erosion rate equations for surge-type, marine- and land-terminating glacial settings. We demonstrate that glacial velocity is not the most statistically important predictor of glacial erosion in any environment. Instead, an improved prediction of glacial erosion is attained when velocity is considered with additional glaciological, topoclimatic and geological variables, with the most dominant influences exhibited by precipitation, glacial elevation, length, latitude and the underlying geology. Using these equations, we estimate erosion rates for 85% of contemporary glaciers, with 99% eroding between 0.02 and 2.68 mm yr−1. Our results suggest a need to adjust how we predict or hindcast glacial erosion rates and highlight their sensitivity not only to changes in glacial sliding velocity but also to additional glaciological, topoclimatic and geological influences. Considering glaciological, topoclimatic and geological variables in addition to glacial velocity improves the prediction of glacial erosion rates according to a machine learning-based global analysis.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 8","pages":"732-739"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01747-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0