Scientific African最新文献

{"title":"Domination and paired domination in Turiyam graphs with application","authors":"Abdata Guluma Erana,&nbsp;V.N. Srinivasa Rao Repalle,&nbsp;Fekadu Tesgera Agama","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A potent tool in the theory of graphs, the Neutrosophic graph, is used to describe the variety of real-world cases with uncertainty brought on by ambiguous, inconsistent, and unpredictable data. In order to handle unpredictability in data sets larger than the current true, false, and not exactly known zones, the Turiyam graph was recently introduced. In both theoretical and applied graph theory environments, the ideas of domination and paired domination are crucial. For this reason, the current study introduces the ideas of domination and paired domination in Turiyam graphs together with the characteristics of each concept. Furthermore, domination in complete bipartite graphs, strong paired domination, and the application of paired domination are all worked out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic analysis of the dynamic stability of the Southern Cameroon Interconnected grid in contingency situations","authors":"Philippe Adolphe Moulum ,&nbsp;Jean Jacques Mandeng ,&nbsp;Charles Hubert Kom","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Southern Cameroon Interconnected Network (SIG) is depicted as a large-scale power system that has shown significant instability due to a series of blackouts in recent years. These blackouts are primarily attributed to major disruptions in transmission lines and energy deficits between supply and demand. The imbalance between power supply and demand necessitates the grid to operate near its stability limits, increasing the risk of blackouts. The necessity of investigating the dynamics of SIG behavior in response to observed contingency situations serves as the primary motivation for this study. To achieve this objective, the SIG was modeled using saturated generators with ZIP static loads. Through Newton-Raphson based power flow calculations, voltage magnitude profiles of the grid were obtained for each generation scenario. An N-1 contingency consisting of a standard Newton-based continuation power flow (CPF) analysis has identified line 5–6 as the most frequent worst case of line outage. Additionally, a short-term transient analysis was conducted under three-phase short-circuit, line outage and generator outage scenarios. In the event of a short-circuit, the Mangombe-225 bus experienced the most significant impact. Concerning line outages, line 1–5 had the most adverse effect on the grid's frequency stability. However, generation outages had a lesser impact on frequency stability compared to other disturbances. Lastly, modal analysis revealed that the grid exhibited weak stability with a critical mode identified at a frequency of 4.0267 Hz, exceeding typical values. This underscores the necessity of damping the grid oscillations for enhanced stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing linear/non-linear Volterra-type integro-differential equations with Runge–Kutta 2 and 4 for time efficiency","authors":"Martin Ndi Azese","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel non-adaptative time-efficient (TE) numerical scheme based on the Runge–Kutta (RK) algorithm is devised for solving linear and non-linear Volterra-type integro-differential equations (VTIDE) characterized by a specific class of convolution memory, <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>κ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>κ</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>. This kernel is commonly encountered in viscoelasticity and various applied sciences. The integration governing the convolution term is elegantly reformulated, allowing for the implementation of a backstage integration within the RK scheme’s main body. This approach circumvents the need for full integration of the convolution during each iteration, thereby significantly reducing computational time to <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> iterations. Furthermore, this formulation facilitates the adoption of an implicit scheme by selecting appropriate methods and data stencils. We demonstrate this concept using an implicit trapezoidal method applied to a linear VTIDE, accompanied by stability analyses. Additionally, a complex VTIDE is constructed featuring nonlinearities both within and outside the convolutions, as well as a derivative-of-dependent-variable integrant. This setup enables the synergy of differentiation, integration, and RK schemes to generate data for intricate VTIDE types. Consequently, both the scheme and the equation exhibit uniqueness denoted as TE-RK and TE-RK-VTIDE. We illustrate how this development simplifies the implementation of implicit schemes and the calculation of stability regions concerning the convolution. The TE-RK scheme is tested on VTIDE using RK2 and RK4, yielding plots that exhibit strong agreement, thus validating our approach. Furthermore, we successfully apply the TE-RK scheme to a well-known nonlinear logistic equation. Plots for various step sizes are generated alongside corresponding error graphs, demonstrating consistent trends in error behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power management for the compensation of unbalanced grids using interphase power controller 240 and hybrid renewable energy sources","authors":"Guy Roméo Mougnol Assala ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Mandeng ,&nbsp;Charles Hubert Kom ,&nbsp;Jean Mbihi ,&nbsp;Derek Ajesam Asoh","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring an uninterrupted power supply is essential for industrial, commercial, and residential users. One effective method to achieve this is by implementing asymmetrical operation on transmission lines. This study introduces a power compensation strategy designed to maintain a continuous power supply, even during permanent single-phase faults on the transmission line. The proposed method leverages the compensating properties of the IPC 240 and the hybrid wind-photovoltaic technologies. The study focused on a 3 MW, 30 kV transmission line equipped with dual three-branch Interphase Power Controllers 240, which experienced a 33 % power loss due to a permanent single-phase fault. A hybrid wind-photovoltaic system, supplemented with battery storage, was modeled and sized to compensate for the power loss and integrated into the line. The power management strategy operates in two main modes. In mode 1, the line operates without faults. In mode 2, when a permanent single-phase fault occurred, the transmitted power dropped to 2 MW, necessitating the integration of the hybrid energy source to compensate for the reduced power. Weather fluctuations are factored in the management strategy, guaranteeing a stable power supply from the hybrid energy source. Simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrated the system's capability to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to the load. Even under permanent single-phase fault conditions and adverse weather, the system restored power to nearly 2.96 MW, achieving a 99 % compensation rate, which is the highest compared to previous studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed stochastic growth model for monitoring the population dynamics in Ghana","authors":"Richel O. Attafuah,&nbsp;Eric Ocran,&nbsp;Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah,&nbsp;Edward Acheampong,&nbsp;Louis Asiedu","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population size modelling offers crucial insights into societal, economic, environmental, and public health dynamics, aiding in informed decision-making and sustainable development efforts. In the absence of suitable population models, complete enumeration (census) would be necessary to track population dynamics. A census may yield erroneous results due to undercounting, even though it is costly, time-consuming, and resource-intensive. A typical human population is susceptible to birth, death, immigration and emigration. Several authors have attempted to model population growth based on these characteristics except that most of them considered some but not all the above characteristics in their models. This study proposed a stochastic growth model to monitor the population dynamics considering; birth, death, immigration and emigration rates. Through the developed model, the expected size of the population and its variability over time was obtained. The study also derived the limiting distribution of the population size and specified its parameters. The long-run probability of zero offspring (probability of ultimate extinction) was also deduced. The results of the study indicates that the long-run probability of zero offspring of the Ghanaian population is approximately 0.21, the net migration and intrinsic growth rates per 1000 Ghanaian population are <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>544</mn></mrow></math></span> and 22.458 with standard errors of 0.206 and 0.530 respectively. This indicates that although the average birth rate is higher than the average death rate in Ghana, the average emigration rate (rate at which individuals travel out of the population either by the land borders, sea or air ports) is relatively higher than the immigration rate (rate at which individuals come into the population either by the land borders, sea or air ports). The estimated population sizes were almost the same across all bootstrap samples. This indicates that the proposed model is stable. The study therefore recommends the use of the proposed stochastic population growth model to monitor any population that is susceptible to birth, death, immigration and emigration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the relationships between the information and communication technology (ICT) and the education system in Morocco","authors":"Abdelkarim Taam ,&nbsp;Amine Amar ,&nbsp;Brahim Hmedna ,&nbsp;Khalid Benabbes ,&nbsp;El Menzhi Kaoutar ,&nbsp;Rachid Daoudi ,&nbsp;Adil El Makrani","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02447","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a necessary apparatus for development and teachers in developing countries are facing increasing social pressure to use ICTs. Consequently, countries have adapted several methods of teaching and learning and made continuous reforms for a better quality of education. In the same vein, Morocco, like all developing countries, has responded actively to the importance of the use and integration of ICTs in its educational system and thus, several initiatives aimed at generalizing the use of ICTs in education have been carried out. However, multiple challenges, such as those related to effectiveness, sustainability, and infrastructure related challenges, capacity building, remain to be solved. Indeed, integrating ICTs in education is a complex task due to its dynamic nature. To address this gap, the current paper shed light on the integration of ICTs in the education system in Morocco and aims to understand the perception of Moroccan teachers vis-à-vis the integration of ICT in primary and secondary education levels. Understanding the perception is very important, because it helps to implement an effective integrations of ICTs and thus, to improve teaching and learning quality and to enable the nation to be creative and competitive for the current globalization. In addition, these results will ensure that technology investment decisions are optimized in the system. This result is extremely important for involved ministries and departments. First, this help to identify groups that require intervention to help them in terms of infrastructure, awareness raising or in terms of training. Second, this help involved departments to invest in bridging the digital literacy and the digital divide that separates the populations, as well as to work in favour of equal opportunities. To understand the perception, our paper is based on testing the statistical association between different features such as the age, the gender or the experience and the use of ICTs and learning approaches. The second part of our methodology is based on the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to determine a composite indicator of ICT integration. Our key findings demonstrate that the “Online learning” is more associated with the “age”, the “education level”, the “cycle” and the “area”. Moreover, the results underscore that most teachers think that online learning contributes to the development of skills and this conviction depends on the gender, the sector, and the area (Urban/Rural). Based on our findings, there is a statistical association between the use of ICTs in the teaching and the learning process and the “Major” and the “Education level”. However, other factors such as the age, the gender or the experience are not pertinent. The insights from our study stand crucial, because the paper attempts to shed some light on the main barriers that prevent using ICTs in the teaching and the learning. These factors are ","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisia campestris L. as a promising source of potential antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2: Docking and dynamic simulation studies","authors":"Aboubakeur Esseddik Khelef ,&nbsp;Hanine Hadni ,&nbsp;Hicham Gouzi ,&nbsp;Borhane Samir Grama","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been considered as global public health security threats. Due to its rapid spread, high mortality rate and unavailability of treatment, we need to find a potent drug against SARS-CoV-2. Natural products are useful agents for the discovery of new potential drugs to combat coronavirus. <em>Artemisia campestris</em>, an aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine, particularly in southern region of Algeria, is recognized for its essential oils and phenolics compounds possessing a wide range of biological activities. This study selected sixty-nine compounds from this plant to determine their binding interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M_pro) and receptor-binding domain of the spike (S-RBD) protein, by using computational methods. Rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide were shown to be the most potent inhibitors for Mpro and S-RBD with docking scores and K_i values ranging from -16.06 to -10.67 Kcal/mol and 0.005 to 30.01 nM, respectively. Evaluation of ADMET pharmacokinetic properties and the drug likeness in silico revealed that only 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3–4–5-tricaffeoylquinic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and rubescensin A could be more effective drugs against COVID-19. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (100 ns) and MM-GBSA calculations confirmed the stability of ligand-protein complexes via hydrogen bonding interactions with crucial residues. The analysis of structural parameters (RMSD, RMSF, H-bonds, Rg, and SASA) indicates that 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid and rubescensin A compounds have good stability and significant binding affinity with the Mpro and S-RBD protein. Taken together, our findings confirm that <em>Artemisia campestris</em> as a plausible source of anti-SARS-COV-2 phytochemicals and suggest that may play important role in this activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing habitat suitability for aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) reintroduction in southeastern morocco to promote ecotourism","authors":"Lahbib Naimi ,&nbsp;El Mahi Bouziane ,&nbsp;Lamya Benaddi ,&nbsp;Abdeslam Jakimi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Manaouch","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to address the complex task of identifying optimal locations for reintroducing Ammotragus lervia in a semi-arid area in the Eastern High Atlas of Morocco, considering three topographical factors. The study assesses the effectiveness of a commonly used machine learning classifier (MLC) in mapping potential areas for introducing these species, which is crucial for promoting and enhancing local biodiversity. To begin with, an extensive inventory of 88 remaining sites where these Barbary sheep still living was conducted, and precise measurements of three topographical parameters were collected at each site. Subsequently, a machine learning algorithm called Bagging was employed to develop a predictive model. The predictive model demonstrated a high level of performance, as evidenced by an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.929. Bagging effectively identified favorable areas, encompassing around 13.8 % of the study region, which were predominantly located in the western part. These areas were characterized by mountainous terrain, shorter slopes, and higher altitudes. The research findings provide valuable guidance to decision-makers, offering a roadmap to reintroduce these species for enhancing the local biodiversity in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Ghana: An assessment of the impact of economic crisis on urban household food security","authors":"Adriana Quarm ,&nbsp;Toritseju Begho","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an ongoing economic crisis in Ghana which has the potential to strain household finances, alter dietary patterns, and push people into a state of food insecurity. While rural areas have traditionally been the focus of food security research and interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is growing evidence of the challenges faced by urban residents which warrants investigation. This study aims to assess the current status of food security among urban households in Ghana, and examine the impact of the economic crisis on food dietary decisions and food security. This study surveyed 401 random sampling participants in two major urban areas, Accra and Takoradi. The structured questionnaire included the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and additional questions on income allocation to food and dietary changes. The results show a significant prevalence of food insecurity among urban households in Ghana, with over half of the respondents experiencing moderate to severe food insecurity. The economic crisis has notably impacted food expenditures, with 81 % of participants reporting changes in their income allocation to food, and 75 % reducing the variety of foods they consume. A substantial portion of respondents now spends between 31 and 50 % of their total income on food which is an indication of the financial burden they face. Ordinal logistic regression identified household income as a critical factor influencing food security, with unemployed and lower-income individuals facing a significantly higher risk. These results emphasize the urgent need for both immediate food assistance, and long-term strategies to strengthen food systems and improve the economic situation to reduce vulnerability. Implementing the recommendations from these findings could contribute towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Ghana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public sector corruption, FDI and sustainable development in Africa: Does the pollution halo or haven hypothesis hold in Ghana?","authors":"Joseph Ato Forson","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the effects of corruption and FDI on sustainable development in Africa, particularly Ghana. The study observes the behaviour of firms using foreign direct investment to track MNEs' role in carbon emission. The study employs a quantitative approach with an ex-post facto research design type to inquiry using data from the World Bank, the Global Footprint Network and Transparency International from 1980 to 2023. The symmetric result discloses that corruption and FDI depress sustainability significantly in the long run. In the short run, it turns out that corruption and FDI stimulate sustainability. However, the short-run asymmetric effect shows that the positive and negative shocks of corruption and FDI exude negative effects on sustainability. This provides strong and consistent evidence of the pollution haven hypothesis of FDI in Ghana. Therefore, firms under the one-district, one-factory (1D1F) flagship policy and beyond must be encouraged to adhere to the strict carbon policy of the host country. The decision of the government to introduce an emission tax in the 2024 budget is tenable but the tax must be properly targeted to achieve the desired outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}