Scientific African最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of thiocarbohydrazide derivative as corrosion inhibitor for C1018 carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl + 500ppm HAc solution: Electrochemical, SEM, FTIR and computational studies","authors":"Ikenna B. Onyeachu ,&nbsp;Dheeraj S. Chauhan ,&nbsp;Mumtaz A. Quraishi ,&nbsp;Shailendra Yadav ,&nbsp;Savas Kaya ,&nbsp;Goncagul Serdaroğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N</em>'-((<em>E</em>)-3-phenylallylidene)hydrazinethiocarbohydrazide (PHCT) was synthesized, purified, characterized and assessed for its inhibitive property against the sweet corrosion of C1018 carbon steel in CO₂-saturated 3.5 % NaCl + 500 ppm HAc solution at 25 and 60 °C. At 50 ppm and 25 °C, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that the presence of PHCT in the electric double layer fortified the hydrophobicity of the region and mitigated rate of charge transfer. Potentiodynamic polarization (PP) measurements at 25 °C showed that PHCT is a mixed-type inhibitor, which could reduce corrosion rate from 24.32 mpy in blank to 0.67 mpy at 50 ppm dosage and deliver 97.24 % inhibition efficiency. PHCT adsorbs, principally, using its NH₂, C = S and C = C functional groups, based on FTIR characterization. Computational modeling using the FMO and MEP analyses confirmed that PHCT exhibits higher electron donating than electron accepting power and interacts with the metal surface through nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the ability of PHCT to protect the steel surface from localized pitting corrosion. Although increasing the temperature up to 60 °C diminished the efficiency of PHCT, the inhibitor was able to provide up to 92 % efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis and optimization of kenaf fiber-lateritic bricks using glass powder as partial cement replacement","authors":"Abayomi Adewale Akinwande ,&nbsp;Abiola Oluwasogo Oyediran ,&nbsp;Oluwatosin Abiodun Balogun ,&nbsp;Ronke Boluwatife Balogun ,&nbsp;Chady El Hachem ,&nbsp;Oussama Accouche ,&nbsp;Marc Azab","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising global cost of housing demands innovative solutions to improve construction materials and reduce expenses, making affordable housing more attainable. This study investigates the synergistic benefits of eco-friendly additives—kenaf fiber and glass powder—in masonry applications aimed at affordable housing solutions. The aim is to identify the effect of different kenaf fiber and glass powder proportions on lateritic brick. Kenaf fiber was incorporated into a cement-lateritic clay mix at varying percentages (0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 %), while glass powder replaced cement at levels of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %. The reference mix was prepared as 20 % cement, 20 % sand, and 60 % laterite clay while the water/cement ratio was maintained at 0.4. Results indicate that kenaf fiber and glass powder significantly improve compressive, flexural, and splitting strengths compared to the reference mix. However, kenaf fiber exhibits a reduction in ultrasonic velocity. The dosage of kenaf fiber and glass powder profoundly influences the hybrid material properties. The study has revealed that 4 % of glass powder and 1 % of kenaf fiber highly improved the compressive strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic velocity of the mixes. On the other hand, 4 % of glass powder and 1.5 % of kenaf fiber highly improved the splitting strength of the material. These results were supported by a predictive model validated against experimental data. Optimization reveals an optimum mix with 20.44 % cement replacement (comprising 15.91 % cement, 4.08 % glass powder, and 1.19 % kenaf fiber), 20 % sand and 58.80 % clay, offering balanced performance for masonry bricks in affordable mass housing construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design analysis of a sustainable techno-economic hybrid renewable energy system: Application of solar and wind in Sigulu Island, Uganda","authors":"Val Hyginus Udoka Eze ,&nbsp;Joseph Simera Mwenyi ,&nbsp;Kelechi John Ukagwu ,&nbsp;Martin C. Eze ,&nbsp;Chidinma Esther Eze ,&nbsp;Wisdom O. Okafor","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable energy is central to achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in electrifying underserved communities. This study examines Sigulu Island, which lacks grid electricity and relies on costly, polluting diesel generators. On-site assessments revealed a daily load demand of 1,455.705 kWh. This study designed and analyzed a Sustainable Techno-economic Hybrid Renewable Energy System (STHRES) combining solar photovoltaics and wind turbines, with battery backup, to meet the island's energy needs. The research adopted both qualitative and quantitative methods, gathering atmospheric weather conditions specific to Sigulu Island. Solar panels and wind turbines were identified as the most viable options, with the system incorporating 677 units of 1 kW solar panels and 27 units of 1 kW wind turbines, generating 839.97 kW and 640.08 kW daily, respectively. Additionally, 527 Li-ion batteries were used to store approximately 1480.05 kW of surplus energy demand to manage fluctuations capable of sustaining the island for 8 hours during a total blackout. The initial installation costs are estimated at $90,393.04 for solar PV, $27,729.82 for wind turbines, $159,169.81 for batteries, and $92,407.00 for the inverter. The STHRES is projected to save $56,917.93 annually, covering 15.4 % of the installation costs compared to diesel operations. Moreover, this system will reduce Uganda's carbon footprint by 436,035.6 kgCO₂ annually, equivalent to a 0.01 % reduction in national emissions. The proposed system decreases the Net Present Cost (NPC) from $426,617.60 to $369,699.67 and the Cost of Energy (COE) from $32.12/kWh to $ 27.79/kWh. With a 9 % Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and a 3 % Return on Investment (ROI), STHRES has a payback period of 8.2 years, demonstrating its financial and environmental benefits for Sigulu Island.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium recovery in a batch adsorption study: Synthesis, characterization, optimization, regeneration, kinetics, and isotherm studies","authors":"B․N․S Al-Dhawi ,&nbsp;S․R․M Kutty ,&nbsp;A․M Alawag ,&nbsp;N․M․Y Almahbashi ,&nbsp;F․A․H Al-Towayti ,&nbsp;A․S Algamili ,&nbsp;A․H Jagaba ,&nbsp;A․H Birniwa","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium (Li)recovery is significant due to an increasing need for Li in diverse applications, particularly in the energy storage domain. In this study, a synthesized adsorbent was developed and utilized to efficiently recover Li. Therefore, this research aims to assess the effectiveness of using the synthesized adsorbent LiHMO to recover Li from the aqueous solution. The surface area and characteristics of the synthesized adsorbent were subjected to analysis utilizing different methods and techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings indicated that the synthesized adsorbent demonstrated exceptional adsorption capabilities for Li recovery. Characterization analysis revealed a well-defined porous structure and functional groups on the adsorbent's surface, facilitating adsorption. The surface area of the adsorbent was determined to be 25.54 m²/g, providing a substantial active surface for adsorption processes. The Box-Behnken response surface method (RSM) was utilized to optimize the recovery process for key factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, time, and concentration. The critical operating parameters identified included a pH of 4, initial concentration of 900 mg/L, contact time of 460 min, and adsorbent dosage of 1300 mg/L. The obtained data were analyzed using a quadratic model, yielding an R² value of 0.9538, indicating that the adsorbent is effective in Li adsorption. The optimal conditions for maximizing Li recovery were found to be 95 % and 89 % for maximum and minimum recovery, respectively. The amount of adsorbate adsorbed (q_e) was determined to be 6.2 mg g^-1. Various kinetic models and isotherms were utilized to conform to these parameters. The Freundlich isotherm and the intraparticle diffusion model showed strong fits, as evidenced by their R² results of 0.9876 and 0.9862, respectively. The kinetic study suggested that the intraparticle-diffusion model best explained the adsorption process, indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting multilayer adsorption with heterogeneous surface energies. Furthermore, the study assessed the adsorbent's regeneration potential, finding that the first cycle of regeneration achieved 91.9 % efficiency, while the fifth cycle maintained a high efficiency of 89.7 %, indicating good reusability of the adsorbent. The study's findings showcase the efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent LiHMO in Li recovery from aqueous solutions, offering valuable information about the best conditions for the adsorption process. As a result of its superior sorption capacity and high recovery of adsorbed Li, the LiHMO adsorbent was selected as the optimal choice for Li recovery from aqueous solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domination and paired domination in Turiyam graphs with application","authors":"Abdata Guluma Erana,&nbsp;V.N. Srinivasa Rao Repalle,&nbsp;Fekadu Tesgera Agama","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A potent tool in the theory of graphs, the Neutrosophic graph, is used to describe the variety of real-world cases with uncertainty brought on by ambiguous, inconsistent, and unpredictable data. In order to handle unpredictability in data sets larger than the current true, false, and not exactly known zones, the Turiyam graph was recently introduced. In both theoretical and applied graph theory environments, the ideas of domination and paired domination are crucial. For this reason, the current study introduces the ideas of domination and paired domination in Turiyam graphs together with the characteristics of each concept. Furthermore, domination in complete bipartite graphs, strong paired domination, and the application of paired domination are all worked out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic analysis of the dynamic stability of the Southern Cameroon Interconnected grid in contingency situations","authors":"Philippe Adolphe Moulum ,&nbsp;Jean Jacques Mandeng ,&nbsp;Charles Hubert Kom","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Southern Cameroon Interconnected Network (SIG) is depicted as a large-scale power system that has shown significant instability due to a series of blackouts in recent years. These blackouts are primarily attributed to major disruptions in transmission lines and energy deficits between supply and demand. The imbalance between power supply and demand necessitates the grid to operate near its stability limits, increasing the risk of blackouts. The necessity of investigating the dynamics of SIG behavior in response to observed contingency situations serves as the primary motivation for this study. To achieve this objective, the SIG was modeled using saturated generators with ZIP static loads. Through Newton-Raphson based power flow calculations, voltage magnitude profiles of the grid were obtained for each generation scenario. An N-1 contingency consisting of a standard Newton-based continuation power flow (CPF) analysis has identified line 5–6 as the most frequent worst case of line outage. Additionally, a short-term transient analysis was conducted under three-phase short-circuit, line outage and generator outage scenarios. In the event of a short-circuit, the Mangombe-225 bus experienced the most significant impact. Concerning line outages, line 1–5 had the most adverse effect on the grid's frequency stability. However, generation outages had a lesser impact on frequency stability compared to other disturbances. Lastly, modal analysis revealed that the grid exhibited weak stability with a critical mode identified at a frequency of 4.0267 Hz, exceeding typical values. This underscores the necessity of damping the grid oscillations for enhanced stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing linear/non-linear Volterra-type integro-differential equations with Runge–Kutta 2 and 4 for time efficiency","authors":"Martin Ndi Azese","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel non-adaptative time-efficient (TE) numerical scheme based on the Runge–Kutta (RK) algorithm is devised for solving linear and non-linear Volterra-type integro-differential equations (VTIDE) characterized by a specific class of convolution memory, <span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>κ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>κ</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>. This kernel is commonly encountered in viscoelasticity and various applied sciences. The integration governing the convolution term is elegantly reformulated, allowing for the implementation of a backstage integration within the RK scheme’s main body. This approach circumvents the need for full integration of the convolution during each iteration, thereby significantly reducing computational time to <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> iterations. Furthermore, this formulation facilitates the adoption of an implicit scheme by selecting appropriate methods and data stencils. We demonstrate this concept using an implicit trapezoidal method applied to a linear VTIDE, accompanied by stability analyses. Additionally, a complex VTIDE is constructed featuring nonlinearities both within and outside the convolutions, as well as a derivative-of-dependent-variable integrant. This setup enables the synergy of differentiation, integration, and RK schemes to generate data for intricate VTIDE types. Consequently, both the scheme and the equation exhibit uniqueness denoted as TE-RK and TE-RK-VTIDE. We illustrate how this development simplifies the implementation of implicit schemes and the calculation of stability regions concerning the convolution. The TE-RK scheme is tested on VTIDE using RK2 and RK4, yielding plots that exhibit strong agreement, thus validating our approach. Furthermore, we successfully apply the TE-RK scheme to a well-known nonlinear logistic equation. Plots for various step sizes are generated alongside corresponding error graphs, demonstrating consistent trends in error behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power management for the compensation of unbalanced grids using interphase power controller 240 and hybrid renewable energy sources","authors":"Guy Roméo Mougnol Assala ,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Mandeng ,&nbsp;Charles Hubert Kom ,&nbsp;Jean Mbihi ,&nbsp;Derek Ajesam Asoh","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring an uninterrupted power supply is essential for industrial, commercial, and residential users. One effective method to achieve this is by implementing asymmetrical operation on transmission lines. This study introduces a power compensation strategy designed to maintain a continuous power supply, even during permanent single-phase faults on the transmission line. The proposed method leverages the compensating properties of the IPC 240 and the hybrid wind-photovoltaic technologies. The study focused on a 3 MW, 30 kV transmission line equipped with dual three-branch Interphase Power Controllers 240, which experienced a 33 % power loss due to a permanent single-phase fault. A hybrid wind-photovoltaic system, supplemented with battery storage, was modeled and sized to compensate for the power loss and integrated into the line. The power management strategy operates in two main modes. In mode 1, the line operates without faults. In mode 2, when a permanent single-phase fault occurred, the transmitted power dropped to 2 MW, necessitating the integration of the hybrid energy source to compensate for the reduced power. Weather fluctuations are factored in the management strategy, guaranteeing a stable power supply from the hybrid energy source. Simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrated the system's capability to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to the load. Even under permanent single-phase fault conditions and adverse weather, the system restored power to nearly 2.96 MW, achieving a 99 % compensation rate, which is the highest compared to previous studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed stochastic growth model for monitoring the population dynamics in Ghana","authors":"Richel O. Attafuah,&nbsp;Eric Ocran,&nbsp;Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah,&nbsp;Edward Acheampong,&nbsp;Louis Asiedu","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population size modelling offers crucial insights into societal, economic, environmental, and public health dynamics, aiding in informed decision-making and sustainable development efforts. In the absence of suitable population models, complete enumeration (census) would be necessary to track population dynamics. A census may yield erroneous results due to undercounting, even though it is costly, time-consuming, and resource-intensive. A typical human population is susceptible to birth, death, immigration and emigration. Several authors have attempted to model population growth based on these characteristics except that most of them considered some but not all the above characteristics in their models. This study proposed a stochastic growth model to monitor the population dynamics considering; birth, death, immigration and emigration rates. Through the developed model, the expected size of the population and its variability over time was obtained. The study also derived the limiting distribution of the population size and specified its parameters. The long-run probability of zero offspring (probability of ultimate extinction) was also deduced. The results of the study indicates that the long-run probability of zero offspring of the Ghanaian population is approximately 0.21, the net migration and intrinsic growth rates per 1000 Ghanaian population are <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>544</mn></mrow></math></span> and 22.458 with standard errors of 0.206 and 0.530 respectively. This indicates that although the average birth rate is higher than the average death rate in Ghana, the average emigration rate (rate at which individuals travel out of the population either by the land borders, sea or air ports) is relatively higher than the immigration rate (rate at which individuals come into the population either by the land borders, sea or air ports). The estimated population sizes were almost the same across all bootstrap samples. This indicates that the proposed model is stable. The study therefore recommends the use of the proposed stochastic population growth model to monitor any population that is susceptible to birth, death, immigration and emigration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the relationships between the information and communication technology (ICT) and the education system in Morocco","authors":"Abdelkarim Taam ,&nbsp;Amine Amar ,&nbsp;Brahim Hmedna ,&nbsp;Khalid Benabbes ,&nbsp;El Menzhi Kaoutar ,&nbsp;Rachid Daoudi ,&nbsp;Adil El Makrani","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02447","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a necessary apparatus for development and teachers in developing countries are facing increasing social pressure to use ICTs. Consequently, countries have adapted several methods of teaching and learning and made continuous reforms for a better quality of education. In the same vein, Morocco, like all developing countries, has responded actively to the importance of the use and integration of ICTs in its educational system and thus, several initiatives aimed at generalizing the use of ICTs in education have been carried out. However, multiple challenges, such as those related to effectiveness, sustainability, and infrastructure related challenges, capacity building, remain to be solved. Indeed, integrating ICTs in education is a complex task due to its dynamic nature. To address this gap, the current paper shed light on the integration of ICTs in the education system in Morocco and aims to understand the perception of Moroccan teachers vis-à-vis the integration of ICT in primary and secondary education levels. Understanding the perception is very important, because it helps to implement an effective integrations of ICTs and thus, to improve teaching and learning quality and to enable the nation to be creative and competitive for the current globalization. In addition, these results will ensure that technology investment decisions are optimized in the system. This result is extremely important for involved ministries and departments. First, this help to identify groups that require intervention to help them in terms of infrastructure, awareness raising or in terms of training. Second, this help involved departments to invest in bridging the digital literacy and the digital divide that separates the populations, as well as to work in favour of equal opportunities. To understand the perception, our paper is based on testing the statistical association between different features such as the age, the gender or the experience and the use of ICTs and learning approaches. The second part of our methodology is based on the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to determine a composite indicator of ICT integration. Our key findings demonstrate that the “Online learning” is more associated with the “age”, the “education level”, the “cycle” and the “area”. Moreover, the results underscore that most teachers think that online learning contributes to the development of skills and this conviction depends on the gender, the sector, and the area (Urban/Rural). Based on our findings, there is a statistical association between the use of ICTs in the teaching and the learning process and the “Major” and the “Education level”. However, other factors such as the age, the gender or the experience are not pertinent. The insights from our study stand crucial, because the paper attempts to shed some light on the main barriers that prevent using ICTs in the teaching and the learning. These factors are ","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article e02447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}