{"title":"Design and implementation of an embedded system for monitoring at-home solitary Alzheimer's patients","authors":"R. P. O'Brien, S. Katkoori, M. Rowe","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282201","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia cause cognitive disabilities in the afflicted person. As a result, the person with dementia often requires assistance from a primary caregiver. In this work, a system of embedded devices is presented which tracks a solitary dementia patient in the home in real-time. The system is composed of three main hardware components. Multiple passive and active sensors are strategically placed to monitor the patient. A number of custom battery-powered embedded systems read the sensors and wirelessly transmit the sensor's values. A central computational node collects the wireless transmissions and analyzes the data. Two algorithms were developed that detect the patient's eating activities and location throughout the home from the sensor data. A web-based user interface was designed that allows a primary caregiver to remotely view the patient's status while away from the home.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124957797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scaled IIR filter based on stochastic computation","authors":"N. Onizawa, S. Koshita, T. Hanyu","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a scaled IIR filter based on stochastic computation. The stochastic IIR filter can provide an area-efficient hardware implementation that replaces a multiplier used in a traditional implementation by a simple logic gate. However, it strongly suffers from overflow of internal values as stochastic computation represents limited real values within -1 to 1, which significantly degrades the performance of the stochastic IIR filter. In order to maintain internal values within -1 to 1, the proposed stochastic IIR filter exploits a scaling method based on an L∞ norm. An input signal is scaled down by a scaling coefficient and then is scaled up after a feedback-loop block to provide a signal amplitude desired. As a design example, second-order low-pass IIR filters based on stochastic computation are designed and simulated in MATLAB. The proposed scaled stochastic IIR filter provides a similar response to an ideal floating-point IIR filter while a stochastic IIR filter without scaling degrades a signal amplitude by 19.2 dB with a frequency lower than a desired cutoff frequency.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physical design and implementation of POWER8™ (P8) server class processor","authors":"Mozammel Hossain, E. Fluhr, A. Hall, V. Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282013","url":null,"abstract":"POWER8™ (P8) processor is a 12-core, 649mm2, 4.2B transistor chip fabricated in IBM's 22nm SOI technology with 2.5× socket performance improvement over its 32nm predecessor, POWER7+, driven by big data application and power efficient computing. Highly distributed chip voltage regulator achieves a peak power efficiency of 90.5%. Resonant clock design is used in 13 clock meshes to achieve about 4% power savings for the chip. This chip is built with three thin-oxide transistor Vt for power/performance benefit and one thick-oxide transistor to enable high-voltage circuits. In order to achieve desired performance within the power envelop, P8 is built with 7 input voltages and 15-layers of metals along with the use of pulsed-clock latches. The P8 has 15823 total pads: 5982 power, 7742 ground and 2099 signal. The power/performance complexity, size of the die, along with high operating frequency presented significant challenges to complete the design on an aggressive schedule. Some of the design methodology and implementation innovations in P8 have been presented in this paper, with an emphasis on macro design topologies (custom, array and synthesis), timing methodology, as well as the electrical characterizations performed in the chip bring-up lab.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126876957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaurav Saini, Mahima Arrawatia, S. Sarkar, M. Baghini
{"title":"A battery-less power management circuit for RF energy harvesting with input voltage regulation and synchronous rectification","authors":"Gaurav Saini, Mahima Arrawatia, S. Sarkar, M. Baghini","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282124","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a battery-less power management circuit for RF energy harvesting applications. In general rectenna (antenna and rectifier) exhibits the maximum efficiency for a particular range of load resistance at different values of RF power received by the antenna. To track maximum power transfer and reduce the power overhead of the various modules an efficient and simple scheme is presented in this paper to maintain effective input resistance of the boost converter equal to the effective output resistance of the rectenna. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved at the input of boost converter and synchronous rectification technique is also used to stop the loss of energy from output capacitor of the boost converter. It is shown that MPPT as a function of effective output resistance of the rectenna can be maintained for a range of input power without changing the emulated resistance at the input of the boost converter. The entire circuit is designed, optimized and simulated in 180nm mixed-mode CMOS technology. Post layout simulation results are presented for -10dBm input power at 950MHz received by the antenna. Output voltage of 1V is generated across a load resistance of 76 kΩ with achieved boost converter efficiency of 80%.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126951457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of discrete-time charge-domain complex bandpass filter with accurately tunable center frequency","authors":"Yang Xu, H. Sun, U. Moon","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new discrete-time complex bandpass (DT CBP) filter topology in charge domain, only using switches, capacitors, input transconductors and non-overlapping 2-phase clock scheme. The proposed DT filter features better power-efficiency, reduced complexity and easier process-scaling compared to the conventional topologies. It has an inherent anti-aliasing sinc characteristic due to the windowed integration of input voltage to current/charge during each phase. The center frequency is only determined by the capacitors ratio and sampling frequency, insensitive to PVT variations. The practical non-idealities, such as finite output impedance of input gm-stage, output impedance of source follower, non-zero switch resistance, etc. are mainly analyzed in this paper and compared with the simulated results. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed DT topology is quite robust to those non-idealities.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115622265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-throughput hardware implementation for motion estimation in HEVC encoder","authors":"A. Medhat, A. Shalaby, M. Sayed","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a highly parallel motion estimation architecture for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) encoder. The proposed architecture has 16 processing units operating in parallel to calculate the sum of absolute difference values of all possible variable prediction block sizes. Hence, it calculates the bit cost regarding every partition in order to find the best matching candidate in terms of bit cost. The proposed unit processes block sizes from 4×4 up to 64×64. The proposed architecture was prototyped, simulated and synthesized using 65nm TSMC CMOS technology. At 720 MHz clock frequency, the proposed architecture processes 2K (1920×1080) resolution at 30 fps with ±27 (55×55) pixel search range using full search algorithm. Moreover, the proposed architecture is a flexible one and it can be used with different search algorithms to process higher resolutions such as 4K (3840×2160) resolution with 30 fps rate. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed architecture is one of the first ASIC motion estimation architectures in the literature for HEVC.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129417402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A high precision and high speed voltage-mode loser/winner-take-all circuit","authors":"Punith R. Surkanti, Venu Siripurapu, P. Furth","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282174","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a voltage-mode loser/winner-take-all circuit that has high speed and accuracy with low power consumption and which is suitable for LED driver applications. The implementation mixes analog and digital circuits in order to help in improving precision. The design is based on a hysteretic comparator and, as such, achieves a very fast response time. The circuit is implemented in the IBM-180 nm process and operates with a supply of 1.8 V and 20 μA current. Simulated results show that the circuit can detect differences as low as 3 mV between multiple inputs with almost no offset and maximum of 1.5 mV offset if the input difference is less than 3 mV. The simulated delay of the circuit is less than 10 ns during an input transition.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129719422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FPGA design space exploration of IDEA cryptography IP core","authors":"Dinesh Varma Penumetcha, Jiafeng Xie, S. Ren","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282150","url":null,"abstract":"Securing data in machine to machine scenario is of paramount importance. With the evolving of Internet of Things (IoT) market, data should be protected from eavesdropper. Of the available cryptographic algorithms, International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is one of the most secured and highly accepted algorithm to a broad range of applications. This paper presents implementation of IDEA cryptographic IP core in two different application needs, and explores the tradeoffs of a RTL looping (least area, latency) implementation and a pipelined implementation. All the designs are implemented on Xilinx Virtex6 XC6VLX240T FPGA evaluation board and obtained the throughputs of 764.59 Mbps and 73.45 Mbps for pipelined designs and RTL looping, respectively.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126126056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A simple ramp generator with level spreading for SEIR based ADC BIST circuit","authors":"Hao Meng, Degang Chen","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282196","url":null,"abstract":"In ADC BIST testing circuit, ramp signal is the most widely used stimulus because of its simple structure and ease of control. In addition, with SEIR algorithm, the linearity requirement of the ramp signal is highly relaxed. But for high resolution ADC BIST testing, the ramp signal must be repetitive for acquiring valid data because a single ramp will cost large area, which is not acceptable for BIST solution. However, the repetitive ramp signals that is synchronized by on chip clock will cause collected data to be useless, because voltage levels sampled on every ramp are the same. For accomplishing different sampling voltages on each ramp signal, a method of introducing level spreading to every ramp signal is proposed in this paper. An 8-bit non-linear DAC as level-spreading generator is designed to provide the number of voltage levels required. The proposed control circuit for BIST consists of an 8-bit counter and end-detector without decoders. Simulation results show that the proposed method works well for linearity test based on SEIR algorithm, while the non-linearity of level spreading DAC barely impacts test results.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125347520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process variation immunity of alternative 16nm HK/MG-based FPGA logic blocks","authors":"Ahmad Alzahrani, R. Demara","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.2015.7282172","url":null,"abstract":"Continued miniaturization of semiconductor technology to nanoscale dimensions has elevated reliability challenges of high density Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) devices due to increasing impacts of Process Variation (PV). The issue is addressed herein using a systematic bottom-up analysis by determining the relative influence of PV on alternate design realizations of FPGA logic blocks. Results for conventional design structures are obtained through detailed SPICE simulations and related to structural risk features. Namely, Transmission Gate (TG) and Pass Transistor (PT) based MUX architectures for realizing Look-Up-Tables (LUTs) are compared. At threshold voltage variation σVth = 14%, PT-based designs that meet the 95% yield objective can exhibit as high delay variation as 23.3%. PV impact can be reduced to 4.9% if TG-based LUT is considered. Finally, the impact of transistor sizing is investigated as a method of mitigating PV susceptibility in FPGA structures.","PeriodicalId":216613,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 58th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125407604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}