Smart Materials and Structures最新文献

{"title":"An investigation of the electrical dynamics in electroactive polymer transducers with resistive electrodes","authors":"Davide Vignotto, Antonello Cherubini, Ion-Dan Sîrbu, Marco Fontana, Giacomo Moretti","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6960","url":null,"abstract":"To pursue a variable-capacitance working principle, transducers based on soft electroactive polymers (EAPs) need deformable electrodes that match the compliance and stretchability of the EAP polymeric substrates. A variety of manufacturing procedures are available to create conductive materials that can achieve this, including solutions that can provide remarkably low resistivity. However, the simplest and most feasible options often involve the use of particle-filled (e.g. carbon-filled) polymer composites, which, while easy to produce, tend to exhibit relatively high resistivity. This high level of resistivity, combined with the inherent capacitance of EAP transducers, introduces dynamic effects in the devices electrical activation, which may affect performance. This paper investigates the impact of electrode resistivity on the electrical dynamics of EAP devices, combining continuum models and experimental validations. We use a continuum generalisation of known resistive-capacitive (RC) transmission line models to accurately predict voltage gradients on the surfaces of electrostatic transducers subject to rapidly varying voltages. We then present an experimental validation by measuring the spatial voltage distributions over carbon-based polymeric electrodes of dielectric elastomer (DE) transducers, and find a good agreement with our model predictions. We use our validated model to provide general estimates of the typical charging time and limit working frequency ranges of DE devices as a function of their dimensional scale and electrode sheet resistance. Our model provides useful indications for designing compliant electrodes in EAP transducers given target performance, or to understand the working limits of devices with given geometry and dielectric-electrode properties.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An oscillating float-type piezoelectric-triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid wave energy harvester used in fish-attracting lamp","authors":"Bowen Yang, Lipeng He, Zheming Liu, Linqiang Feng, Limin Zhang, Wei Fan","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6ab9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6ab9","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an oscillating float-type piezoelectric-triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid wave energy harvester (PTE-HEH) used in fish-attracting lamp is proposed. It integrates three power generation methods and makes reasonable use of space, and the three power generation methods can complement each other. The theoretical analysis, simulation analysis, and experimental test of PTE-HEH are carried out. The variation trend and optimal parameters of each unit are found in the theoretical analysis and simulation. In the experiment, when the cantilever beam clamping length is 10 mm, the triboelectric mode of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film and copper foil independent triboelectric layer is adopted, and the number of magnets is 3, the output performance of PTE-HEH reaches the optimal state. When the external load resistance is 0.4 MΩ, the maximum output voltage is 69.52 V, and the maximum output power can reach 15.80 mW. It is greater than the sum of the output power of the three generators when they work alone. The power density can reach 25.99 W m⁻³. PTE-HEH can light 97 LEDs and power the temperature and humidity sensor. The PTE-HEH also makes the normal operation of fish-attracting lamp. The combination of PTE-HEH and fish-attracting lamp provides a new scheme for the subsequent development of self-powered fishing devices at sea.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbitrary low-frequency power-splitting strategy in ferrite/piezoelectric magnetoelectric heterostructures: theory and experimental validation","authors":"Jitao Zhang, Juhang Gao, Dmitry Filippov, Bingfeng Ge, Qingfang Zhang, Natallia Poddubnaya, Xiaowan Zheng, Leixiang Bian, Liying Jiang and Lingzhi Cao","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6961","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring low-frequency (LF) arbitrary power-splitting technologies to address the independent excitation issues of LF/VLF mechanical antennas (MA) with random distributions is challenging due to unidentified device construction and operation mechanism. In light of this, a device construction strategy for three-port magnetoelectric (ME) arbitrary power splitter in composite of ferrite/piezoelectric heterostructure, as well as theoretical model was developed. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy, three size-tailored ME samples with length ratio of split PZT segments in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:2 were modeled, fabricated and comparatively characterized. Experimental results show that the achievable maximum power conversion efficiencies (PE) reach 52%, 71%, and 59% for three tailored ME samples, respectively, and as expected the power-splitting ratios are directly proportional to the square ratio of ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) from each port of the tailored ME samples, which are in coincidence with theory under desired operation stability and favorable experiment repeatability evaluated by uncertainties of 0.25854 V cm−1 Oe−1 and 0.32979 V cm−1 Oe−1 for each port. Therefore, a prediction of evolutionary tendency for arbitrary power splitter realization was expanded in view of our experimental observations, and a great flexibility for device future design and further optimization was also provided. Therefore, the presented LF power-splitting strategy paves the ways for arbitrary power splitter realization and enriches the multi-functional ME power electronics families, as well as enables potential applications for efficient excitations of MAs in high-permeable military underwater and civilian emergency rescue distribution long-wave communication system for practical scenarios of submarine, underground railways, tunnels and collapsed residential buildings.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a pump-jet piezoelectric swimmer with acoustic radiation actuation","authors":"Xiuli Zheng, Junming Liu, Le Wang, Si Chen and Zhiling Liu","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6962","url":null,"abstract":"The acoustofluidic actuation produced by piezoelectric transducer is capable of propelling micro underwater robots forward, yet the motion pattern is relatively simplistic. To solve this problem, a pump-jet swimmer with a combination of the underwater acoustic radiation effect is proposed in this work. The absorption and discharge of internal piezoelectric pump provide the linear forward power, and turning is achieved under the acoustic propulsive force of the external dual piezoelectric actuators. The working mode and optimal driving frequency of the piezoelectric actuators are determined through finite element simulation and mechanical vibration characteristic tests. And the key dimensional parameters of the piezoelectric pump are optimized in the light of the output flow measurements. Finally, a prototype with the size of Ф3.1 cm × 12 cm is fabricated for underwater driving performance experiments, which demonstrated well functions in straight swimming, turning, and loading. The swimmer with 20 g of additional load achieves a maximum speed of 105 mm s−1at the voltage of 180 Vp-p, it also completes the obstacle avoidance in water along a certain path. The rationality of this conceived actuation mechanism is preliminarily verified, which shows a potential for fixed-point transportation in the complex underwater situations.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-spatial frequency error restraint based on variable optimal angle-step trajectory strategy for the removal attenuation effect of magnetorheological finishing","authors":"Lisheng Cai, Kuo Hai, Zisheng Li, Wei Fan, Xing Su, Liangwei Li, Ming Yan, Jinbo Li and Wen Huang","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad695f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad695f","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of ultra-precision manufacturing, such as lithography lenses, achieving nanometer-level errors across the entire frequency range is crucial. Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) technology, a high-precision processing method with high efficiency and low subsurface damage, often introduces mid-spatial frequency (MSF) error due to the removal attenuation effect and regular polishing trajectory in the long continuous polishing process. It causes various imaging and light transmission defects that limit the performance of precision optical instruments. The attenuation of material removal capacity of MRF is characterized by the attenuation of the tool influence function, which is obtained by an equal time interval point removal experiment. The variable optimal angle-step trajectory strategy is proposed to mitigate the removal attenuation effect of MRF and suppress MSF error. To validate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method, a uniform polishing experiment is performed on fused silica components. The experimental results show that the 90° grating trajectory introduces significant MSF error on surface shape with PV = 0.008 λ, and the variable optimal angle-step trajectory strategy does not introduce MSF error, which confirms the variable optimal angle-step trajectory strategy effectively eliminates the removal attenuation effect of MRF and suppresses MSF error. The study presents a general approach for ultra-precision optical processing and improves the manufacturing accuracy of optical components.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations into 3D printed hybrid auxetic structures for load-bearing and energy absorption applications","authors":"Shailesh Ravindra Bankar, Soumyadip Das, Varun Sharma","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad6540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad6540","url":null,"abstract":"Auxetic structures possess negative Poisson’s ratio due to their unique geometrical configuration. It also offers enhanced indentation resistance, superior energy absorption capacity, excellent impact resistance, higher compressive strength, and other exceptional mechanical properties. In this study, multiple hybrid auxetic structures of three novel geometries have been designed by considering different sets of geometric parameters to numerically investigate the mechanical behaviors of the structures. The energy absorption properties and Poisson’s ratio of the developed hybrid auxetic structures have been measured under quasi-static compressive and bending loads. The numerically optimized structures from each of the three different geometries have been fabricated of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene using fused deposition modeling. Additionally, the simulated results have been experimentally validated. The validation studies have shown close agreement of their performances with the simulated results. Finally, comparative analyses of energy absorption performances have also been performed to select the most suitable structure for impact-resistant applications. Moreover, it has been observed that structure-2 exhibits superior performance in terms of maximum load-bearing capacity of 3395 N. On the other hand, structure-3 has the maximum energy absorption capacity of 51902 N.mm which is 4.85% higher than structure-1 and structure-2. Similarly, three-point bending test results have revealed that structure-2 performs better in terms of energy absorption capacity (10864 N.mm). Besides this, the effects of loading direction on deformation patterns and mechanical responses of the structures have been observed due to the changes in deformation mechanism. The high-velocity (8 m.s⁻¹) impact test results have also confirmed the suitability of structure-2 for crashworthiness applications. The comparative findings derived from this study contribute significantly in developing lightweight, energy-absorbent, and impact-resistant auxetic core-sandwiched structures for civil, defense, and automobile sectors.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phononic crystals with incomplete line defects: applications in high-performance and broadband acoustic energy localization and harvesting","authors":"Guo-Yu Zhang, Zi-Jiang Liu, Bing-Zu Li, Xi-Long Dou, Cai-Rong Zhang, Xiao-Wei Sun and Yi-Man Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad649c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad649c","url":null,"abstract":"Using phononic crystals (PnCs) to enhance the electrical output performance of piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices and broaden the frequency range of harvesting energy is crucial to solving the self-energy of low-power devices such as wireless sensors. In this work, an ultra-wide full-band gap PnC was designed. The concept of a PnC with an incomplete line defect was proposed. The energy localization and harvesting of incomplete line defect PnCs and traditional point defect and line defect PnCs were studied by finite element analysis. The results show that compared with a point defect and a line defect, the output electric power of an incomplete line defect was increased by 31.88 times and 2.51 times, respectively, and the energy localization and harvesting frequency band were widened. By exploring the influence of the periodicity of the vertical incomplete line defect direction on the electrical output performance of the PnC-based PEH system, it is found that the electrical output performance of the 5 × 3 incomplete line defect PnC is the best, and the maximum output voltage and output electric power are 27.36 V and 17.29 mW, respectively. This work provides new insights and ideas for improving the energy localization and harvesting performance of PnC-based PEH systems.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of finger movement assistive gloves with pneumatic fabric actuators","authors":"Jiwon Chung, Jeong Eun Yoon, Minseo Kim, Dongjun Shin and Sumin Koo","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad63e9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad63e9","url":null,"abstract":"We developed flexible, lightweight, and washable gloves with actuators to assist finger movements and improve ease of wearing. Performance and wearability were measured using standardized tests, triangulation of bending angles, electromyography (EMG), and grip strength. User satisfaction was measured using a survey. EMG sensors were attached to the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum communis to capture movement data for grasping and releasing, lifting and putting down, and opening and closing an object with (a) gloves and an actuator, (b) gloves and no actuator, and (c) no gloves. The actuator-equipped glove weighed 31.4 g—lighter than in any earlier studies. In situation (a), the average EMG values for the four participants decreased, ranging from −2.06% to −44.1%, confirming the superior performance of the gloves. Survey results revealed high levels of user satisfaction. Our study offers insights into the development of rehabilitation robotic gloves that assist muscle movements and are easy to wear.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of energy storage and electrocaloric performance in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 via A-Site La and Bi Co-doping","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Keshav Malhotra, Nishu, Rajat Syal, Shailendra Gupta, Gyaneshwar Sharma, Arun Kumar Singh and Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad5d33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad5d33","url":null,"abstract":"Lead-based ferroelectrics are one of the most fascinating candidates in the field of state-of-the-art electronic technology. Their intriguing properties are further enriched via the realization of morphotropic phase boundaries. Moreover, the A-site chemical substitution provides insight into the emergence of various exotic phases. Here, we employ co-doping of La3+ and Bi3+ at the A-site of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric to broaden the practical perspective of relaxor systems. Here, we emphasize that the A-site co-doping approach introduces technologically appealing amendments in the well-established temperature composition phase diagram of the PZT system. La3+ and Bi3+ doping favors the evolution of a novel response to thermal and field fluctuations. The maximum values of are found to be ∼0.157, 0.118 and 0.176 J (kg·K)−1 for and , respectively. We employ the electrocaloric characteristics and Arrott plot as probing tools. The observation of a negative electrocaloric effect and the systematic reversal of Arrott lines, followed by a poling effect on the dielectric constant, reveals the emergence of ergodic phase as a novel phase. This further reveals that the Bi doping approach leads to the emergence of exotic characteristics in the chemically modified PZT system. The maximum observed recoverable energy for the composition for x = 0.01 is 0.0479 J cm−3 at a temperature of 388 K.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of electrical energy harvesting devices utilizing air bubbles sliding along a fluoropolymer immersed in water","authors":"O E Håskjold and L E Helseth","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad5bcf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad5bcf","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that it is possible to utilize contact electrification combined with electrostatic induction to harvest electrical energy from the mechanical motion of air bubbles sliding along a charged solid surface immersed in water. The working principle of these devices is simple, but the design is usually complicated as transduction efficiency depends on a number of interdependent parameters. Here we propose a simple analytical model and demonstrate how it can be used to determine the optimal energy per bubble for a given resistive load. The model allows one to estimate the optimal energy harvested per bubble in terms of polymer thickness, electrode separation and load resistance. It is shown that the model provides a good fit to experimental data. The model may be used as an initial step when designing energy harvesting devices utilizing air bubbles sliding along a solid surface.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}