Smart Materials and Structures最新文献

Three-dimensional free-standing heterostructures out of MoS2 and rGO with infused PDMS towards electromechanical pressure sensing 注入 PDMS 的三维独立异质结构（MoS2 和 rGO）用于机电压力传感

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cd

Abdullah Solayman, Baosong Li, Rashid Abu Al-Rub and Kin Liao

{"title":"Three-dimensional free-standing heterostructures out of MoS2 and rGO with infused PDMS towards electromechanical pressure sensing","authors":"Abdullah Solayman, Baosong Li, Rashid Abu Al-Rub and Kin Liao","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cd","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of two-dimensional (2D) materials constructed as three-dimensional structures is studied to bring such materials one step closer to the real-life application. Lattices structures of gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) were fabricated out of 2D materials, namely, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), forming for the first time free-standing MoS2 (FSM) lattice and free-standing hetero-structural lattice of MoS2 and rGO (FSH) out of TPMS. These 2D materials were also integrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, forming FSM/PDMS and FSH/PDMS composites. Mechanical characterization, including compression and cyclic tests, were conducted on FSM, FSH, and the composites. Additionally, electromechanical characterization was conducted to evaluate the sensing potential of these structures. It is worth noting that the elastic modulus of the 10 unit-cells with either FSM or FSH was higher than the other lattices of the same type. FSH tends to have a higher modulus at 1504.4 kPa in the 10 unit-cells. This modulus is even higher at 3 MPa when PDMS is added to the FSH lattice. Due to the brittle fracture, FSM or FSH lattices follow the layer-by-layer failure mechanism. Samples with PDMS are more stable towards such cyclic tests without noticeable failures or a decrease in elastic modulus. Finally, the 10 unit-cell lattices of FSH/PDMS composite have the highest conductivity at 2.5 mA, and a comparable sensitivity at 0.365 kPa−1 over the range of 0–100 kPa.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An IGBT coupling structure with a smart service life reliability predictor using active learning 采用主动学习技术的智能使用寿命可靠性预测器的 IGBT 耦合结构

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7659

Shizhe Feng, Yicheng Guo, Weihua Li, Haiping Du, Grzegorz Krolczyk and Z Li

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear vibration of a loaded string in energy harvesting 能量采集中加载弦的非线性振动

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad79cf

Tao Liu, Chaoyang Zhao, Yaowen Yang and Weifeng Yuan

引用次数: 0

Shape optimization of a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam for human knee energy harvester 用于人体膝部能量收集器的非均匀压电弯曲梁的形状优化

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad78ce

Haisu Liao, Tsunho Wu, Gang Gao, Xinyu Wu and Fei Gao

{"title":"Shape optimization of a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam for human knee energy harvester","authors":"Haisu Liao, Tsunho Wu, Gang Gao, Xinyu Wu and Fei Gao","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad78ce","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad78ce","url":null,"abstract":"Scavenging energy from the human body to provide a sustainable source for electronic devices has gained significant attention. Recently, scientists have focused on harnessing biomechanical energy from human motion. This study was dedicated to developing and optimizing a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam-based human knee energy harvester. The bimorph non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam consisted of a non-uniform carbon fiber substrate and piezoelectric macro fiber composites. Compared to the uniform piezoelectric bending beam, the non-uniform piezoelectric beam can optimize the shape to improve the average strain, thus improving the energy harvesting efficiency. In this study, eight shape functions, including ellipse, sin, tanh, exponential function, parabola, trigonometric line, and bell curves, were investigated and optimized. The bell curve bending beam was selected and fabricated due to its good performance. Then, a benchmark platform was developed to test the deflection curve and reaction force when the nonuniform bending beam was compressed. Finally, to validate the design, experimental testing on three subjects was conducted when they were equipped with the harvester and walked on a treadmill. Testing results indicated that the non-uniform bending beam-based energy harvester can improve the energy harvesting efficiency by 28.57% compared to the uniform beam-based energy harvester. The output power can reach 18.94 mW when walking at 7.0 km h−1.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"41 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A frequency steerable electromagnetic acoustic transducer 频率可调电磁声学换能器

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cf

Lucas M Martinho, Luca De Marchi and Alan C Kubrusly

{"title":"A frequency steerable electromagnetic acoustic transducer","authors":"Lucas M Martinho, Luca De Marchi and Alan C Kubrusly","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad78cf","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are convenient for non-destructive evaluation of plate-like structures since they can generate, without the need for contact with the medium under test, different types of ultrasonic guided waves. Guided-wave EMATs usually generate waves omnidirectionally or in a principal propagation direction. Beam steering is desirable in several applications, such as in inspections of large-area structures. This is usually achieved with several independently controlled elements forming a phased array. Alternatively, mono-element transducers with directional-dependent spectral content can steer the generated wave beam by altering the frequency of the excitation signal. A piezoelectric transducer with this characteristic, namely a frequency steerable acoustic transducer, was previously proposed. Its design was addressed in the wavenumber domain, leading to unconventional transducer shapes, but still reproducible with a piezoelectric patch, albeit unfeasible to implement as an EMAT. Here, we propose a new kind of EMAT, namely, frequency steerable EMAT (FSEMAT), whose design is addressed in the spatial domain in order to ensure its physical realization with a coil-magnet arrangement whilst still effectively presenting steering capability. The novel EMAT was designed to generate the A0 Lamb wave mode in a frequency range from approximately 100 to 600 kHz. The FSEMAT was fabricated and experimentally evaluated in an aluminium plate at different frequencies within the designed frequency range, where each frequency corresponded to a specific propagating direction with high directivity, assessed by half-power beam widths of approximately 10 degrees. Furthermore, its theoretical directivity was computed by means of a wavenumber spectrum-based model, and showed good agreement with experimental results. The new transducer allows great flexibility effectively providing beam steering with a single EMAT.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced vibration energy harvesting from coupled pendulums through inertial amplifiers 通过惯性放大器加强耦合摆的振动能量采集

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad77ff

R S Kattimani, P V Malaji, S S Chappar and S Adhikari

引用次数: 0

Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing 4D 印刷中温度驱动螺旋结构的变形编程

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801

Liulan Lin, Jiajie Yan and Shaolong Qiu

{"title":"Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing","authors":"Liulan Lin, Jiajie Yan and Shaolong Qiu","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving shape programming of 4D printed actuators by varying the manufacturing process parameters. In this study, the effect of different path combinations on structural deformation was investigated. By altering the driving layer, passive layer, and grid angle, the spiral deformation direction of the double-layer structure was precisely controlled. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was established to predict the deformation behavior of PLA-based spiral structures. Furthermore, the influence of printing speed, nozzle temperature, line width, layer height, and plate temperature on the spiral curvature of the structure was examined. The results show that increasing printing speed and plate temperature can improve the spiral behavior of the structure, whereas increasing line width, layer height, and nozzle temperature have opposite effects. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the five printing parameters to predict their influence on the spiral curvature of the structure, and a predictive model for the spiral deformation was developed. The structure was partitioned for design purposes, aiming to achieve diverse deformations of the actuator under the same geometric configuration. A loop-shaped actuator was designed to capture objects. The results showed that the path combination determined the spiral direction of the actuator, while the forming parameters effectively controlled the spiral curvature of the actuator.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic stability and response of morphing wing structure with time-varying stiffness 具有时变刚度的变形机翼结构的动态稳定性和响应

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a

Manoj Prabhakar and Senthil Murugan

{"title":"Dynamic stability and response of morphing wing structure with time-varying stiffness","authors":"Manoj Prabhakar and Senthil Murugan","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a","url":null,"abstract":"Morphing, adaptable or smart structures are being used in mechanical and aerospace applications in recent years. These structures often have the property of time-varying stiffness or inertial properties, which can cause parametric instability issues that are not well understood. This paper examines the dynamic stability and response of a morphing aircraft wing with periodically time-varying structural stiffness. The wing is modeled as a beam with coupled bending-torsion motion, and parametrically excited stiffness. Aerodynamic loads introduce aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness to the wing structure. The dynamic and aeroelastic equation of motion resembles a coupled, damped Mathieu-type equation but differs with asymmetric damping and stiffness matrices, and symmetric inertial matrix. Further, these equations are functions of airspeed, magnitude and frequency of parametric excitation. Initially, dynamic stability of the wing is analyzed using Floquet theory, and the instability regions are numerically quantified by stability charts. Subsequently, dynamic responses in the stable and unstable regions are investigated with a Floquet-based Harmonic balance method. The findings reveal that, at zero airspeed, the combination instabilities are eliminated by varying the bending and torsional stiffness with equal magnitudes and frequency. However, as airspeed increases, instability regions shift unevenly, leading to the emergence of new instabilities. Furthermore, the response analysis within stable regions uncovers several unfavorable zones for operating the variable stiffness, where response decay is slower. The results clearly show that parametric excitation can cause unusual phenomena that significantly impact the operation of morphing wings with variable stiffness, which needs to be thoroughly investigated for successful implementation.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of textile pre-stretch and printed geometry on the curvature of PLA-Lycra 4D textiles 纺织品预拉伸和印花几何形状对聚乳酸-莱卡 4D 纺织品曲率的影响

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800

Stefano Pandini, Chiara Pasini, Davide Battini, Andrea Avanzini, Antonio Fiorentino, Ileana Bodini and Simone Pasinetti

{"title":"Effect of textile pre-stretch and printed geometry on the curvature of PLA-Lycra 4D textiles","authors":"Stefano Pandini, Chiara Pasini, Davide Battini, Andrea Avanzini, Antonio Fiorentino, Ileana Bodini and Simone Pasinetti","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800","url":null,"abstract":"4D textiles are a specific class of 4D printed materials obtained by printing flat patterns on elastically pre-tensioned textiles and being able to switch from planar systems to complex 3D objects after the textile pre-stretch is released. The mechanical balance between textile recovering strain and printed structure stiffness determines the final shape. This study is carried out by coupling pre-stretched Lycra to PLA and explores ways to control 4D textile shape transformations by varying pre-stretch (10% ÷ 60%), printed structure geometry (bar-shaped and star-shaped elements; star-shaped patterns), printed element thickness (0.3 ÷ 3 mm) and mutual distance (2 ÷ 15 mm). By adjusting these parameters, a wide set of out-of-plane curvatures are obtained, ranging from flat, to dome-like and highly curved, wrapped or coiled shapes. Digital optical methods, including digital image analysis, 3D scanning, and digital image correlation, are used to evaluate the complexity of the final shape and strain state evolution during shape transformation. The geometry variation is measured in terms of height increase (maximum 45 mm for a star-shaped system, 30 mm for a multiple star pattern) and of area decrease (maximum 80% for a star-shaped system, 60% for a multiple star pattern). While most shape transformations occur immediately after printing (‘direct 4D printing’), further shape evolutions may be triggered by heating above the PLA glass transition, allowing for the creation of dynamic structures whose shape changes upon external stimuli. The adhesion between the 3D printed element and the stretched textile is also examined, with a focus on determining the role of interfacial strength and the conditions that could enhance it. This study provides an overview of the primary design variables and valuable maps of their impacts on shape transformations in this broad scenario of influencing parameters.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural health monitoring for 3D-printed civil infrastructures: a review of challenges, applications and future directions 三维打印民用基础设施的结构健康监测：挑战、应用和未来方向综述

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f

Lukesh Parida and Sumedha Moharana

{"title":"Structural health monitoring for 3D-printed civil infrastructures: a review of challenges, applications and future directions","authors":"Lukesh Parida and Sumedha Moharana","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of 3D printed constructions into civil projects has created new opportunities for economically efficient construction. However, preserving the long-term structural integrity of 3D-printed structures poses considerable challenges. This study covers the importance of structural health monitoring (SHM) and deployment of sensors for condition monitoring of 3D-printed civil infrastructure. It explores a wide range of sensors that might be used for continual evaluation and assessment of structural efficiency and the challenges related to SHM in these components. The report provides cost benefit analysis and case studies describing effective sensor installations in 3D-printed structures, demonstrating the ability of the technology to enhance the safety and integrity of infrastructure systems. It also identifies potential challenges and issues that must be resolved before sensor-based SHM can be successfully used in 3D-printed civil structures. The research emphasizes the potential of maintenance planning and decision support systems for optimizing maintenance schedules, reducing downtime, and increasing cost-effectiveness. This research is critical for academics, engineers, and professionals using sensors for 3D-printed structural systems.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0