Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing

IF 3.7 3区材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI:10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801

Liulan Lin, Jiajie Yan and Shaolong Qiu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Achieving shape programming of 4D printed actuators by varying the manufacturing process parameters. In this study, the effect of different path combinations on structural deformation was investigated. By altering the driving layer, passive layer, and grid angle, the spiral deformation direction of the double-layer structure was precisely controlled. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was established to predict the deformation behavior of PLA-based spiral structures. Furthermore, the influence of printing speed, nozzle temperature, line width, layer height, and plate temperature on the spiral curvature of the structure was examined. The results show that increasing printing speed and plate temperature can improve the spiral behavior of the structure, whereas increasing line width, layer height, and nozzle temperature have opposite effects. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the five printing parameters to predict their influence on the spiral curvature of the structure, and a predictive model for the spiral deformation was developed. The structure was partitioned for design purposes, aiming to achieve diverse deformations of the actuator under the same geometric configuration. A loop-shaped actuator was designed to capture objects. The results showed that the path combination determined the spiral direction of the actuator, while the forming parameters effectively controlled the spiral curvature of the actuator.

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4D 印刷中温度驱动螺旋结构的变形编程

通过改变制造工艺参数实现 4D 打印致动器的形状编程。本研究探讨了不同路径组合对结构变形的影响。通过改变驱动层、被动层和网格角度，精确控制了双层结构的螺旋变形方向。此外，还建立了一个有限元分析模型来预测基于聚乳酸的螺旋结构的变形行为。此外，还研究了印刷速度、喷嘴温度、线宽、层高和印版温度对结构螺旋曲率的影响。结果表明，提高印刷速度和印版温度可以改善结构的螺旋行为，而提高线宽、层高和喷嘴温度则会产生相反的效果。对五个印刷参数进行了多元线性回归分析，以预测它们对结构螺旋曲率的影响，并建立了螺旋变形预测模型。出于设计目的，对结构进行了分区，目的是在相同的几何配置下实现致动器的不同变形。设计了一个环形致动器来捕捉物体。结果表明，路径组合决定了致动器的螺旋方向，而成型参数则有效控制了致动器的螺旋曲率。

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来源期刊

Smart Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

12.20%

发文量

317

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Smart Materials and Structures (SMS) is a multi-disciplinary engineering journal that explores the creation and utilization of novel forms of transduction. It is a leading journal in the area of smart materials and structures, publishing the most important results from different regions of the world, largely from Asia, Europe and North America. The results may be as disparate as the development of new materials and active composite systems, derived using theoretical predictions to complex structural systems, which generate new capabilities by incorporating enabling new smart material transducers. The theoretical predictions are usually accompanied with experimental verification, characterizing the performance of new structures and devices. These systems are examined from the nanoscale to the macroscopic. SMS has a Board of Associate Editors who are specialists in a multitude of areas, ensuring that reviews are fast, fair and performed by experts in all sub-disciplines of smart materials, systems and structures. A smart material is defined as any material that is capable of being controlled such that its response and properties change under a stimulus. A smart structure or system is capable of reacting to stimuli or the environment in a prescribed manner. SMS is committed to understanding, expanding and dissemination of knowledge in this subject matter.