Effect of textile pre-stretch and printed geometry on the curvature of PLA-Lycra 4D textiles

IF 3.7 3区材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI:10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800

Stefano Pandini, Chiara Pasini, Davide Battini, Andrea Avanzini, Antonio Fiorentino, Ileana Bodini and Simone Pasinetti

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

4D textiles are a specific class of 4D printed materials obtained by printing flat patterns on elastically pre-tensioned textiles and being able to switch from planar systems to complex 3D objects after the textile pre-stretch is released. The mechanical balance between textile recovering strain and printed structure stiffness determines the final shape. This study is carried out by coupling pre-stretched Lycra to PLA and explores ways to control 4D textile shape transformations by varying pre-stretch (10% ÷ 60%), printed structure geometry (bar-shaped and star-shaped elements; star-shaped patterns), printed element thickness (0.3 ÷ 3 mm) and mutual distance (2 ÷ 15 mm). By adjusting these parameters, a wide set of out-of-plane curvatures are obtained, ranging from flat, to dome-like and highly curved, wrapped or coiled shapes. Digital optical methods, including digital image analysis, 3D scanning, and digital image correlation, are used to evaluate the complexity of the final shape and strain state evolution during shape transformation. The geometry variation is measured in terms of height increase (maximum 45 mm for a star-shaped system, 30 mm for a multiple star pattern) and of area decrease (maximum 80% for a star-shaped system, 60% for a multiple star pattern). While most shape transformations occur immediately after printing (‘direct 4D printing’), further shape evolutions may be triggered by heating above the PLA glass transition, allowing for the creation of dynamic structures whose shape changes upon external stimuli. The adhesion between the 3D printed element and the stretched textile is also examined, with a focus on determining the role of interfacial strength and the conditions that could enhance it. This study provides an overview of the primary design variables and valuable maps of their impacts on shape transformations in this broad scenario of influencing parameters.

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纺织品预拉伸和印花几何形状对聚乳酸-莱卡 4D 纺织品曲率的影响

4D 纺织品是一种特殊的 4D 印刷材料，通过在弹性预拉伸纺织品上印刷平面图案，并在纺织品预拉伸释放后从平面系统转换为复杂的 3D 物体。纺织品恢复应变和打印结构刚度之间的机械平衡决定了最终形状。本研究将预拉伸莱卡与聚乳酸耦合在一起，通过改变预拉伸（10% ÷ 60%）、印刷结构几何形状（条形和星形元素；星形图案）、印刷元素厚度（0.3 ÷ 3 毫米）和相互距离（2 ÷ 15 毫米），探索控制 4D 纺织品形状转换的方法。通过调整这些参数，可以获得多种平面外曲率，包括平面、圆顶形和高度弯曲、包裹或卷曲形状。数字光学方法，包括数字图像分析、三维扫描和数字图像相关性，用于评估最终形状的复杂性和形状转换过程中的应变状态演变。几何形状的变化以高度增加（星形系统最大增加 45 毫米，多星形图案最大增加 30 毫米）和面积减少（星形系统最大减少 80%，多星形图案最大减少 60%）来衡量。虽然大多数形状变化都是在打印后立即发生的（"直接 4D 打印"），但如果加热到聚乳酸玻璃化转变以上，则可引发进一步的形状演变，从而创建出在外部刺激下形状会发生变化的动态结构。本研究还考察了 3D 打印元件与拉伸纺织品之间的粘附性，重点是确定界面强度的作用以及增强界面强度的条件。这项研究提供了主要设计变量的概述，以及在这种影响参数广泛的情况下，它们对形状变化的影响的宝贵映射。

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来源期刊

Smart Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

12.20%

发文量

317

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Smart Materials and Structures (SMS) is a multi-disciplinary engineering journal that explores the creation and utilization of novel forms of transduction. It is a leading journal in the area of smart materials and structures, publishing the most important results from different regions of the world, largely from Asia, Europe and North America. The results may be as disparate as the development of new materials and active composite systems, derived using theoretical predictions to complex structural systems, which generate new capabilities by incorporating enabling new smart material transducers. The theoretical predictions are usually accompanied with experimental verification, characterizing the performance of new structures and devices. These systems are examined from the nanoscale to the macroscopic. SMS has a Board of Associate Editors who are specialists in a multitude of areas, ensuring that reviews are fast, fair and performed by experts in all sub-disciplines of smart materials, systems and structures. A smart material is defined as any material that is capable of being controlled such that its response and properties change under a stimulus. A smart structure or system is capable of reacting to stimuli or the environment in a prescribed manner. SMS is committed to understanding, expanding and dissemination of knowledge in this subject matter.