Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Adapting anti-tobacco messages to ultraprocessed foods: message framing's impact on attitudes toward the food industry","authors":"Kathleen E. Good,&nbsp;Lindsey Parnarouskis,&nbsp;Jenna R. Cummings,&nbsp;Ashley N. Gearhardt","doi":"10.1002/oby.24272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.24272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultraprocessed food consumption is associated with worse health. Ultraprocessed food companies apply production and advertising tactics used for tobacco products. Anti-tobacco campaigns that have highlighted industry manipulation have reduced youth tobacco use and increased support for tobacco-related policies. This study explored whether similar messaging affected attitudes and beliefs toward the food industry, support for obesity-related policies, and weight stigma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants aged 18 to 25 years were randomized to watch presentations emphasizing the following: 1) food industry manipulation and product addictiveness; 2) food industry manipulation and product health harms; 3) individual choices and food addiction; 4) individual choices and health harms; or 5) a control. Participants completed questionnaires regarding attitudes and beliefs toward the food industry, support for obesity-related policies, and weight stigma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Messages that emphasized food industry manipulation and product addictiveness were associated with increased negative attitudes toward the food industry versus control. Industry-focused messages were associated with increased negative beliefs regarding industry practices versus control. No significant effects were observed on support for obesity-related policies and weight stigma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emphasizing food industry manipulation and product addictiveness appears promising for shifting youth attitudes toward the food industry without increasing weight stigma. Further research is needed to identify messages that shift support for obesity-related policies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"903-914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age, race and ethnicity, and sex of participants in clinical trials related to obesity","authors":"Leah M. Schumacher,&nbsp;Joseph Chibueze,&nbsp;Francesca M. Knudsen,&nbsp;Astha Rajpal,&nbsp;Siddhartha Kalala,&nbsp;Ksenia Power,&nbsp;Julie K. Silver,&nbsp;Helen Burton-Murray","doi":"10.1002/oby.24273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.24273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Federal policies mandate the inclusion of historically marginalized groups in clinical trials and sociodemographic reporting on ClinicalTrials.gov. This study used ClinicalTrials.gov to comprehensively assess sociodemographic reporting and representation in obesity-related trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age, race and ethnicity, and sex data were extracted for interventional studies completed in the United States with results from January 1, 2012, to October 13, 2023. We assessed the frequency of sociodemographic reporting and sample representation (equitable, over, or under), as determined by comparing the percentage of trial participants with each characteristic to US Census data and obesity-specific estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search yielded 847 study records, 449 of which were eligible. Most studies (&gt;99%) reported sex; older age (33%), race (75%), and ethnicity (57%) were less commonly reported, although race and ethnicity reporting increased over time (<i>p</i> values &lt;0.001). The following three patterns emerged for representation: 1) individuals identifying as Black/African American were slightly overrepresented relative to the comparators; 2) representation of older adults and other racial and ethnic identities was more mixed and differed by trial type; and 3) female participants were overrepresented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progress has been made in reporting and representation, although gaps remain. Given obesity-related health disparities and reasons for inclusion beyond population-based representation (e.g., subgroup analyses), continued efforts are needed to enhance reporting and representation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"915-926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of Ephb1 causes reduced hypothalamic CRH and TRH expression and obesity in mice","authors":"Simin Xie,&nbsp;Tao Zhao,&nbsp;Chengchen Hu,&nbsp;Yongyong Meng,&nbsp;Jing Cui,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wu","doi":"10.1002/oby.24275","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24275","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ephrin type-B receptor 1 (EphB1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in axon guidance, synaptic plasticity, and tumorigenesis. However, the role of EphB1 in metabolic regulation and obesity remains poorly understood. This study aims to uncover the role of EphB1 in energy metabolism and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms by which EphB1 regulates obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two <i>Ephb1</i> mutations identified from a forward genetic screen for obesity-related loci in mice were examined for their effects in gene expression, energy metabolism, and endocrine changes. The impacts of EphB1 on neuropeptide expression and signal transduction were evaluated in both hypothalamic tissues and primary cells. Potential downstream signals were modified in <i>Ephb1</i> mutants to verify the interaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Ephb1</i> mutants develop obesity in adolescence and develop impaired glucose tolerance during adulthood. EphB1 deficiency caused lower body temperature, blunted cold-induced thermogenesis, and decreased locomotor activity, but it did not alter food intake. EphB1 promotes cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in a cell-autonomous manner. EphB1 deficiency leads to reduced expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain. Intraventricular administration of either TRH or a CRH fragment suppressed obesity in <i>Ephb1</i> mutants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EphB1 regulates hypothalamic CRH and TRH expression and promotes energy expenditure in mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 6","pages":"1101-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific white matter alterations in children exposed to high pregestational BMI","authors":"Samson Nivins,&nbsp;Jess Reynolds,&nbsp;Gerald F. Giesbrecht,&nbsp;Deborah Dewey,&nbsp;Nicole Letourneau,&nbsp;Catherine Lebel","doi":"10.1002/oby.24277","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated whether exposure to high pregestational BMI (≥ 25 kg/m²) is associated with alterations in white matter microstructure in early childhood, explored sex-specific effects, and examined associations with cognitive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 90 children from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort underwent diffusion tensor imaging between ages 2 and 7 years. Data were processed using ExploreDTI to obtain mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Pregestational weight was self-reported by pregnant individuals, height was measured at enrollment, and child cognitive outcomes were assessed at ages 3 to 4 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children exposed to high pregestational BMI had lower FA, but not higher MD, in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum compared with unexposed children (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²). This association persisted when analyzing pregestational obesity and overweight categories separately. Altered FA in splenium of the corpus callosum was associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in exposed children. Exposed male children had higher FA in the fornix, whereas female children had lower FA in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum compared with unexposed peers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High pregestational BMI was associated with alterations in white matter microstructure during early childhood in a sex-specific manner. Promoting healthy lifestyles and weight management among individuals of childbearing age is crucial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 6","pages":"1113-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater intrinsic motivation for engaging in healthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with reduced postpartum weight","authors":"Susan D. Brown,&nbsp;Michaela Kiernan,&nbsp;Monique M. Hedderson,&nbsp;Charles P. Quesenberry,&nbsp;Bridgette P. Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Millman,&nbsp;Hillary Serrato Bandera,&nbsp;Saher Daredia,&nbsp;Jun Shan,&nbsp;Assiamira Ferrara","doi":"10.1002/oby.24271","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifestyle behaviors impact postpartum weight, yet intrinsic motivation for them—i.e., what individuals enjoy, value, and do with ease—is poorly understood. The Pregnancy, Lifestyle and Environment Study-2 (PETALS-2) examined whether intrinsic motivations for engaging in healthy eating, physical activity, and weight self-monitoring are each associated with long-term postpartum weight change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed behavior-specific intrinsic motivation using validated scales, from pregnancy up to six time points through 30 months post partum, among diverse cohort participants (<i>N</i> = 311) in a large health care system. Weight was prospectively ascertained via electronic health records, remote scales, and study visits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In adjusted regressions, participants with higher intrinsic motivation experienced significantly reduced postpartum weight. For healthy eating motivation, each one-unit-higher score predicted up to −3.43 lb (95% CI: −5.34 to −1.53) postpartum weight at 24 months; for physical activity motivation, −2.70 lb (95 CI: −4.61 to −0.78) at 30 months; for self-weighing motivation, −4.15 lb (95% CI: −6.33 to −1.97) at 30 months; and, for a combined motivation score across all three behaviors, −5.47 lb (95% CI: −7.95, −2.99) at 24 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Greater intrinsic motivation for healthy lifestyle behaviors predicted reduced long-term postpartum weight and could be a promising target for innovative behavioral interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"927-935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering of intuitive eating and psychological health identifies subgroups associated with weight loss following semaglutide","authors":"Antoine Avignon,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Bonnet,&nbsp;Jean Anitcheou,&nbsp;Sarah Tournayre,&nbsp;Vincent Attalin,&nbsp;Catherine Boegner,&nbsp;Abdulkader Jalek,&nbsp;Dominique Jullien,&nbsp;Camille Le Rouzic,&nbsp;Justine Myzia,&nbsp;Lucile Marty,&nbsp;Youadigue Kemba,&nbsp;Ariane Sultan,&nbsp;Jean Bousquet","doi":"10.1002/oby.24262","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity management requires personalized approaches. Using data from the Aviitam platform in France, this study aimed to do the following: 1) explore psychological and behavioral patterns through clustering techniques; 2) validate the robustness of these clusters; and 3) assess their association with weight-loss outcomes in severe obesity under semaglutide treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phase 1 included 989 adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² who completed validated questionnaires, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). Phase 2 validated robustness in 492 individuals. Phase 3 applied clusters to 125 individuals with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m² who were treated with semaglutide 2.4 mg/week at Montpellier University Hospital, assessing weight-loss trajectories over 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The following two clusters were identified: the Intuitive Eaters Group (IEG, <i>n</i> = 482); and the Emotionally Driven Eaters Group (EDEG, <i>n</i> = 507). The IEG exhibited lower emotional distress and higher intuitive eating scores. HADS and IES-2 distinguished clusters effectively (area under the curve, 0.95). Robustness was confirmed in Phase 2. In Phase 3, the IEG demonstrated a significantly more favorable weight-loss trajectory compared to the EDEG (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychological and behavioral clusters identified through HADS and IES-2 are associated with weight loss under semaglutide treatment, suggesting the value of integrating psychological and behavioral profiling into obesity care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"892-902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brd9 antagonism induces beige adipocytes in white adipose tissues and protects against diet-induced obesity","authors":"Yang Liu,&nbsp;Amelia Yin,&nbsp;Kendall Seese,&nbsp;Wenyan Fu,&nbsp;Hang Yin","doi":"10.1002/oby.24280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermogenic beige adipocytes emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under certain physiological and pathological conditions, leading to increased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance. The induction of beige adipocyte formation represents a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and associated chronic diseases; however, the mechanisms controlling WAT beiging remain incompletely understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a genome-wide knockout screening in the white adipose progenitors of mice to identify lineage repressors of beige adipocyte formation. We further investigated the metabolic effects and gene expression alterations upon Brd9 antagonism in obesity mouse models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An unbiased genetic screen identified the following four lineage repressors of beige adipocytes: <i>Brd9</i>; <i>Ankib1</i>; <i>Cacng1</i>; and <i>Cfap20</i>. Knockout of each gene individually promoted beige adipocyte differentiation in vitro and WAT beiging in vivo. In diet-induced obesity mouse models, oral administration of Brd9 inhibitors induced beige adipocytes within subcutaneous and visceral WAT, enhanced thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue, and suppressed gluconeogenic gene expression in the liver. These beneficial effects were concomitant with augmented whole-body energy expenditure, reduced body weight/adiposity, and improved endurance and glucose metabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antagonism of Brd9 and other beige lineage repressors may have significant implications for therapeutic induction of WAT beiging and thermogenesis to treat obesity and its associated chronic diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"949-961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.24280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized RNA sequencing deconvolution illustrates the impact of obesity and weight loss on cell composition of human adipose tissue","authors":"Cheehoon Ahn,&nbsp;Adeline Divoux,&nbsp;Mingqi Zhou,&nbsp;Marcus M. Seldin,&nbsp;Lauren M. Sparks,&nbsp;Katie L. Whytock","doi":"10.1002/oby.24264","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cellular heterogeneity of human adipose tissue is linked to the pathophysiology of obesity and may impact the response to energy restriction and changes in fat mass. Herein, we provide an optimized pipeline to estimate cellular composition in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets using a single-nuclei RNA-seq signature matrix.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A deconvolution pipeline for ASAT was optimized by benchmarking publicly available algorithms using a signature matrix derived from ASAT single-nuclei RNA-seq data from 20 adults and then applied to estimate ASAT cell-type proportions in publicly available obesity and weight loss studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with obesity had greater proportions of macrophages and lower proportions of adipocyte subpopulations and vascular cells compared with lean individuals. Two months of diet-induced weight loss increased the estimated proportions of macrophages; however, 2 years of diet-induced weight loss reduced the estimated proportions of macrophages, thereby suggesting a biphasic nature of cellular remodeling of ASAT during weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our optimized high-throughput pipeline facilitates the assessment of composition changes of highly characterized cell types in large numbers of ASAT samples using low-cost bulk RNA-seq. Our data reveal novel changes in cellular heterogeneity and its association with cardiometabolic health in humans with obesity and following weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"936-948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of weight loss on testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity in women and men","authors":"Justine M. Mucinski,&nbsp;David E. Kelley,&nbsp;Stephen J. Winters,&nbsp;Bret H. Goodpaster","doi":"10.1002/oby.24269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Testosterone and glucose disposal (Rd) are positively associated in adult men, whereas the opposite is reported in women. Sex-specific relationships between testosterone or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and Rd in men and women with and without obesity and following weight loss were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult men and women (<i>n</i> = 27/28; BMI = 20–41 kg/m²) underwent measurements of body composition, Rd, SHBG, and bioavailable (BioA) and total testosterone. Men and women (<i>n</i> = 17/15) with obesity completed a 16-week dietary weight-loss program with repeat testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BioA testosterone was lower in men with obesity and was related to Rd positively in men and negatively in women (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Across participants, weight loss increased Rd and SHBG (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). BioA testosterone was unchanged in men; however, individual changes were independently related to Rd (<i>p</i> = 0.031). In women, BioA testosterone declined (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.009) but was not related to Rd.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BioA testosterone was associated with Rd, positively in men and negatively in women. Weight loss reduced BioA testosterone in women; however, individual changes were associated with improved Rd in men. SHBG was a better correlate of improved Rd in women. Additional studies should identify mechanisms that drive sex differences and interventions that modify testosterone, reduce adiposity, and improve Rd across both sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"962-973"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective and subjective appetite measures: high versus low eating frequency in a randomized crossover clinical trial","authors":"Xiaochen Zhang,&nbsp;Martine Perrigue,&nbsp;Jeannette M. Schenk,&nbsp;Adam Drewnowski,&nbsp;Ching-Yun Wang,&nbsp;Sarah J. Beatty,&nbsp;Marian L. Neuhouser","doi":"10.1002/oby.24265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.24265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to examine objective (ghrelin and peptide YY [PYY]) and subjective appetite measures following 21-day high and low eating frequency (EF) interventions among healthy adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the randomized crossover trial (Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones [FRESH] study), participants completed two eucaloric 21-day study periods of low (3 meals/day) and high (6 meals/day) EF with a 14-day washout period. Self-selected foods and total energy consumed were identical in both arms. On day 21 of each period, participants completed a 7-h clinic visit with meals provided according to assigned EF. Postprandial plasma ghrelin and PYY concentrations were assessed through serial blood draws (hourly), and self-reported appetite ratings were collected every 30 min.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty participants were recruited and completed the trial (mean age, 32 years, 78% women, and 60% non-Hispanic White). High EF resulted in smaller changes in postprandial ghrelin and PYY concentrations compared to low EF, with significant area under the curve differences between groups (<i>p</i> value for ghrelin = 0.03; <i>p</i> value for PYY &lt; 0.001). Similar patterns were found in self-reported hunger, desire to eat, and fullness. Differences in postprandial PYY were greater among participants with overweight/obesity or high body fat percentage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High EF led to smaller changes in objective and subjective appetite measures, suggesting that small frequent meals may lead to blunted satiety and less optimal appetite regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"33 5","pages":"879-891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}