Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome-related cognitive impairment with white matter hyperintensities and functional network analysis","authors":"Wenhui Zheng,&nbsp;Xia Zhou,&nbsp;Jiabin Yin,&nbsp;Han Liu,&nbsp;Wenwen Yin,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoqun Zhu,&nbsp;Zhongwu Sun","doi":"10.1002/oby.23873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23873","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cognitive impairment related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the underlying neural network mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 50 participants with MetS and WMHs (MetS-WMHs), 45 with MetS without WMHs, and 50 control participants. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a detailed cognitive evaluation. A graph theory analysis based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to calculate functional network properties. A mediation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between WMHs and MetS-related cognitive impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with the control group, the participants in the MetS-WMHs group displayed lower global efficiency, local efficiency, and nodal efficiency, mainly located in the regions of the salience network. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between functional network efficiency and cognitive performance. Mediation analysis indicated that WMHs served as a mediating variable between MetS and cognitive decline, affecting attention/executive function, language, and global cognitive function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WMHs mediated the association between MetS and cognitive function, with a decline in the efficiency of functional brain networks being a probable neural mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2557-2567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling BMI z score lability during childhood as a function of child temperament and genetic risk for obesity","authors":"Chang Liu,&nbsp;Jenae M. Neiderhiser,&nbsp;Nilam Ram,&nbsp;Leslie D. Leve,&nbsp;Daniel S. Shaw,&nbsp;Misaki N. Natsuaki,&nbsp;David Reiss,&nbsp;Jody M. Ganiban","doi":"10.1002/oby.23867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23867","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to examine whether child genetic risk for obesity and temperament (i.e., negative affectivity, effortful control) accounted for stability versus lability in children's weight status (BMI <i>z</i> score) over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 561 adopted children (42% female; 56% Caucasian, 13% African American, 11% Latino, and 20% other) and their birth and adoptive parents were followed from birth to age 9 years. The multilevel location-scale model was used to examine whether child genetic risk for obesity and temperament were related to differences in level and lability in child BMI <i>z</i> scores over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the full sample, higher levels of child negative affectivity were associated with greater BMI <i>z</i> score lability, whereas higher levels of effortful control and children's mean-level BMI <i>z</i> scores were related to less lability across childhood. Additional analyses examined associations within groups of children with healthy versus overweight/obesity weight statuses. Within the healthy weight status group only, better effortful control was associated with more stable BMI <i>z</i> scores, whereas genetic risk for higher BMI was associated with more labile BMI <i>z</i> scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide insights into factors that can be harnessed to redirect unhealthy trajectories as well as factors that may challenge redirection or maintain a healthy trajectory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2593-2602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopontin-driven T-cell accumulation and function in adipose tissue and liver promoted insulin resistance and MAFLD","authors":"Frédéric Soysouvanh,&nbsp;Déborah Rousseau,&nbsp;Stéphanie Bonnafous,&nbsp;Manon Bourinet,&nbsp;Axelle Strazzulla,&nbsp;Stéphanie Patouraux,&nbsp;Jean Machowiak,&nbsp;Marwin A. Farrugia,&nbsp;Antonio Iannelli,&nbsp;Albert Tran,&nbsp;Rodolphe Anty,&nbsp;Carmelo Luci,&nbsp;Philippe Gual","doi":"10.1002/oby.23868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23868","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the contribution of osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) to T-cell regulation in initiation of obesity-driven adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and macrophage infiltration and the subsequent impact on insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SPP1 and T-cell marker expression was evaluated in AT and liver according to type 2 diabetes and MAFLD in human individuals with obesity. The role of SPP1 on T cells was evaluated in <i>Spp1</i>-knockout mice challenged with a high-fat diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In humans with obesity, elevated SPP1 expression in AT was parallel to T-cell marker expression (CD4, CD8A) and IR. Weight loss reversed AT inflammation with decreased SPP1 and CD8A expression. In liver, elevated SPP1 expression correlated with MAFLD severity and hepatic T-cell markers. In mice, although <i>Spp1</i> deficiency did not impact obesity, it did improve AT IR associated with prevention of proinflammatory T-cell accumulation at the expense of regulatory T cells. <i>Spp1</i> deficiency also decreased <i>ex vivo</i> helper T cell, subtype 1 (Th1) polarization of AT CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. In addition, <i>Spp1</i> deficiency significantly reduced obesity-associated liver steatosis and inflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current findings highlight a critical role of SPP1 in the initiation of obesity-driven chronic inflammation by regulating accumulation and/or polarization of T cells. Early targeting of SPP1 could be beneficial for IR and MAFLD treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2568-2582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations and predictive performance of 11 anthropometric measures with incident type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank","authors":"Jirapitcha Boonpor,&nbsp;Solange Parra-Soto,&nbsp;Atefeh Talebi,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhou,&nbsp;Fernanda Carrasco-Marin,&nbsp;Fanny Petermann-Rocha,&nbsp;Paul Welsh,&nbsp;Jill P. Pell,&nbsp;Naveed Sattar,&nbsp;Jason M. R. Gill,&nbsp;Stuart R. Gray,&nbsp;Carlos Celis-Morales,&nbsp;Frederick K. Ho","doi":"10.1002/oby.23849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23849","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aim was to investigate associations of 11 anthropometric measures with incident type 2 diabetes and compare their predictive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective cohort study included 161,127 White European UK Biobank participants who were free of diabetes at baseline. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, BMI, A Body Shape Index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio (WHtR), hip circumference, visceral adiposity index, hip index, and anthropometric risk index. The associations were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. The differences in C-index were used to compare predictive performance between BMI and other anthropometric measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median follow-up was 10.0 (interquartile range: 9.3–10.8) years, during which 6315 participants developed type 2 diabetes. All markers except height and hip index were positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes. The strongest associations were found for WHtR (hazard ratio per 1-SD increment: 2.27 [95% CI 2.19–2.35] in women; 1.96 [95% CI 1.90–2.01] in men). Compared with BMI, WHtR and anthropometric risk index had significantly better type 2 diabetes risk discrimination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although most adiposity markers were associated with type 2 diabetes, the magnitude of the associations differed. WHtR had the strongest associations and predictive ability for type 2 diabetes and thus could be a more suitable marker for clinical use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2648-2657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7183989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of shift work with oxidative stress and alteration of fasting plasma glucose level in Chinese adults","authors":"Wenzhen Li,&nbsp;Xiaobing Feng,&nbsp;Haozhe Zhang,&nbsp;Yi-Xin Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Zeng,&nbsp;Chong Liu,&nbsp;Victor W. Zhong,&nbsp;Dongming Wang","doi":"10.1002/oby.23845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23845","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the association of shift work with blood glucose and the mediating role of oxidative stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and urinary concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid, and 8-iso-prostaglandin <i>F</i>_2α [8-isoPGF_2α]) were measured among 831 participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Positive dose-response relationships among shift work duration,  FPG (<i>p</i>_trend &lt; 0.001), and abnormal glucose regulation (AGR; <i>p</i>_trend = 0.035) were found. Compared with participants without shift work, three-shift work was associated with a higher level of FPG (percentage change: 6.49%, 95% CI: 4.21%–8.83%) and a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (odds ratio: 1.886, 95% CI: 1.114–3.192) and AGR (odds ratio: 1.929, 95% CI: 1.197–3.111). A dose-response relationship was found between shift work duration and 8-OHdG (<i>p</i>_trend = 0.002) and 8-isoPGF_2α (<i>p</i>_trend = 0.019). Urinary 8-OHdG and 8-isoPGF_2α partially mediated the association between shift work duration and FPG levels and the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and AGR, with mediating proportions ranging from 4.77% to 20.76%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that shift work is positively associated with blood glucose, and the association is partially mediated by oxidative stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2505-2514"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in self-identified and questioning sexual minority women","authors":"Young Mee Choi,&nbsp;Courtney S. Pilkerton,&nbsp;Jun Xiang,&nbsp;Amie M. Ashcraft,&nbsp;Keri A. Seymour,&nbsp;Nova Szoka","doi":"10.1002/oby.23879","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23879","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies have shown sexual minority women (SMW) have a higher incidence of obesity, but the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in SMW is unclear. We examined the association between sexual orientation and MetS and its components.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2016 examining women aged 20 to 59 years. Participants were divided into three categories: heterosexual, self-identified SMW, and questioning SMW. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between sexual orientation and MetS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 12,755 women, 708 (5.6%) were self-identified SMW, and 365 (2.9%) were questioning SMW. The incidence of MetS was not significantly different across the groups. Logistic regression demonstrated that self-identified SMW had significantly higher odds of large waist circumference (odds ratio [OR] 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14–1.71) and obesity (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24–1.90), while questioning SMW had significantly higher odds of low levels of high-density lipoprotein (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.13–1.98) compared with heterosexual women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-identified and questioning SMW did not have an increased incidence of MetS compared with heterosexual women, but they had higher odds of large waist circumference and low high-density lipoprotein, respectively. Further studies are needed to identify the gaps in social determinants of health in SMW.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 11","pages":"2853-2861"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10363158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy expenditure deficits drive obesity in a mouse model of Alström syndrome","authors":"Erin J. Stephenson,&nbsp;Clint E. Kinney,&nbsp;Amanda S. Stayton,&nbsp;Joan C. Han","doi":"10.1002/oby.23877","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23877","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare multisystem disorder of which early onset childhood obesity is a cardinal feature. Like humans with AS, animal models with <i>Alms1</i> loss-of-function mutations develop obesity, supporting the notion that ALMS1 is required for the regulatory control of energy balance across species. This study aimed to determine which component(s) of energy balance are reliant on ALMS1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comprehensive energy balance phenotyping was performed on <i>Alms1</i>^{<i>tvrm102</i>} mice at both 8 and 18 weeks of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was found that adiposity gains occurred early and rapidly in <i>Alms1</i>^{<i>tvrm102</i>} male mice but much later in females. Rapid increases in body fat in males were due to a marked reduction in energy expenditure (EE) during early life and not due to any genotype-specific increases in energy intake under chow conditions. Energy intake did increase in a genotype-specific manner when mice were provided a high-fat diet, exacerbating the effects of reduced EE on obesity progression. The EE deficit observed in male <i>Alms1</i>^{<i>tvrm102</i>} mice did not persist as mice aged.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Either loss of ALMS1 causes a developmental delay in the mechanisms controlling early life EE or activation of compensatory mechanisms occurs after obesity is established in AS. Future studies will determine how ALMS1 modulates EE and how sex moderates this process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 11","pages":"2786-2798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10591740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overweight and obesity are associated with better survival in STEMI patients with diabetes","authors":"Hamza Chaudhry,&nbsp;Ramez Bodair,&nbsp;Ziyad Mahfoud,&nbsp;Soha Dargham,&nbsp;Jassim Al Suwaidi,&nbsp;Hani Jneid,&nbsp;Charbel Abi Khalil","doi":"10.1002/oby.23863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23863","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between obesity and in-hospital outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who develop an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed. Patients with STEMI and T2DM were classified as being underweight or having normal weight, overweight, obesity, and severe obesity. The temporal trend of those BMI ranges and in-hospital outcomes among different obesity groups were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 74,099 patients with T2DM and STEMI were included in this analysis. In 2008, 35.8% of patients had obesity, and 37.3% had severe obesity. However, patients with obesity accounted for most of the study population in 2017 (57.8%). During the observation period, mortality decreased in underweight patients from 18.1% to 13.2% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Still, it gradually increased in all other BMI ranges, along with cardiogenic shock, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all). After the combination of all patients during the observation period, mortality was lower in patients with overweight and obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.625 [95% CI 0.499–0.784]; 0.606 [95% CI 0.502–0.733], respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A U-shaped association governs the relationship between BMI and mortality in STEMI patients with diabetes, with those having overweight and obesity experiencing better survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 11","pages":"2834-2844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic lipid deposition in muscle and liver, quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","authors":"Mijke Buitinga,&nbsp;Pandichelvam Veeraiah,&nbsp;Florian Haans,&nbsp;Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling","doi":"10.1002/oby.23865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23865","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advances in the development of noninvasive imaging techniques have spurred investigations into ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and muscle and its implications in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Computed tomography and ultrasound have been applied in the past, though magnetic resonance-based methods are currently considered the gold standard as they allow more accurate quantitative detection of ectopic lipid stores. This review focuses on methodological considerations of magnetic resonance-based methods to image hepatic and muscle fat fractions, and it emphasizes anatomical and morphological aspects and how these may influence data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 10","pages":"2447-2459"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"7184018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition in patients with post-bariatric hypoglycemia","authors":"Alexa Puleio,&nbsp;Amanda Sheehan,&nbsp;Gail Musen,&nbsp;Mary Elizabeth Patti","doi":"10.1002/oby.23862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23862","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bariatric surgery, a highly effective treatment for obesity and associated comorbidities, may improve cognition and brain volume in parallel with cardiometabolic function. However, some post-bariatric individuals develop post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH), which can be frequent and severe. The impact of recurrent hypoglycemia on cognition in PBH is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether individuals with PBH display reduced cognitive function compared with postsurgical counterparts without hypoglycemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen adults with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with hypoglycemia (PBH+, <i>n</i> = 7) or without PBH (PBH−, <i>n</i> = 7) completed assessments of memory, executive function, attention, and psychomotor speed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PBH+ individuals displayed significantly decreased performance in category fluency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), category switching (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and category switching accuracy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), compared with PBH− individuals. Performance in the first (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and third intervals (<i>p</i> = 0.045) of verbal fluency was significantly lower in PBH+ individuals versus PBH− individuals. All other assessments did not differ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PBH+ individuals may be at greater risk for cognitive impairment compared with PBH− individuals, as suggested by impaired semantic processing and cognitive flexibility, as well as greater difficulty initiating and sustaining word retrieval.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 3","pages":"466-471"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10145535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}