Obesity最新文献

{"title":"FTO variation and early frontostriatal brain development in children","authors":"Gita Thapaliya,&nbsp;Poorbita Kundu,&nbsp;Elena Jansen,&nbsp;Marcus A. Naymik,&nbsp;Richard Lee,&nbsp;Muriel Marisa Katharina Bruchhage,&nbsp;Viren D'Sa,&nbsp;Matthew J. Huentelman,&nbsp;Candace R. Lewis,&nbsp;Hans-Georg Müller,&nbsp;Sean C. L. Deoni,&nbsp;RESONANCE consortium,&nbsp;Susan Carnell","doi":"10.1002/oby.23926","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23926","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Common obesity-associated genetic variants at the fat mass and obesity-associated (<i>FTO</i>) locus have been associated with appetitive behaviors and altered structure and function of frontostriatal brain regions. The authors aimed to investigate the influence of <i>FTO</i> variation on frontostriatal appetite circuits in early life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from RESONANCE, a longitudinal study of early brain development. Growth trajectories of nucleus accumbens and frontal lobe volumes, as well as total gray matter and white matter volume, by risk allele (AA) carrier status on <i>FTO</i> single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 were examined in 228 children (102 female, 126 male) using magnetic resonance imaging assessments obtained from infancy through middle childhood. The authors fit functional concurrent regression models with brain volume outcomes over age as functional responses, and <i>FTO</i> genotype, sex, BMI <i>z</i> score, and maternal education were included as predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bootstrap pointwise 95% CI for regression coefficient functions in the functional concurrent regression models showed that the AA group versus the group with no risk allele (TT) had greater nucleus accumbens volume (adjusted for total brain volume) in the interval of 750 to 2250 days (2–6 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that common genetic risk for obesity is associated with differences in early development of brain reward circuitry and argue for investigating dynamic relationships among genotype, brain, behavior, and weight throughout development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess adiposity and iron-deficient status in Colombian women of reproductive age","authors":"Milton Fabián Suarez-Ortegón,&nbsp;Jenny Elizabeth Ordoñez-Betancourth,&nbsp;José Guillermo Ortega-Ávila,&nbsp;Ana Yibby Forero,&nbsp;José Manuel Fernández-Real","doi":"10.1002/oby.23871","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23871","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Information about excess adiposity markers different from BMI and iron status is limited and more so about the shape of these associations. This study evaluated the relationship between three adiposity markers and iron-deficient status in reproductive-age women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional analysis in 6357 non-pregnant women from the Colombian nutritional health survey (ENSIN) 2010. Exposures were the following: waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (W-HtR), BMI, and WC &gt; 80 cm, W-HtR &gt; 0.5, and BMI ≥ 25 and ≥30. Outcomes were the following: iron deficiency (ID) as serum ferritin &lt;15 μg/L, ID as ferritin &lt;30 μg/L, anemia, and continuous values of ferritin and hemoglobin. Logistic and linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic/inflammation covariates were conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All the adiposity markers, continuous or categorical, were inversely and significantly associated with both ID thresholds in fully adjusted models (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). W-HtR reported stronger effect estimates for ID (odds ratios &lt; 0.5) and for prediction of log-ferritin levels (fully adjusted β-coefficient [95% CI] 0.61 [0.39–0.82], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and was also inversely associated with anemia (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In cubic splines analyses, W-HtR, WC, and BMI were linearly associated with ID from values closer to international thresholds of general or central obesity, and the patterns of WC and BMI tended toward flatness. A significant decline in the likelihood of anemia was steeper by increasing W-HtR than by increasing BMI. After exclusion of women with C reactive protein &gt;  5 mg/L or adjustment for C reactive protein, adiposity markers remained significantly related to ferritin levels and W-HtR with anemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women with higher adiposity were less likely to have an iron-deficient status. W-HtR was the strongest and most consistently associated marker. Inflammation would not be involved in the associations found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 12","pages":"3025-3042"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41184585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportion of caloric restriction-induced weight loss as skeletal muscle","authors":"Steven B. Heymsfield,&nbsp;Shengping Yang,&nbsp;Cassidy McCarthy,&nbsp;Jasmin B. Brown,&nbsp;Corby K. Martin,&nbsp;Leanne M. Redman,&nbsp;Eric Ravussin,&nbsp;Wei Shen,&nbsp;Manfred J. Müller,&nbsp;Anja Bosy-Westphal","doi":"10.1002/oby.23910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study's objective was to develop models predicting the relative reduction in skeletal muscle (SM) mass during periods of voluntary calorie restriction (CR) and to validate model predictions in longitudinally monitored samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The model development group included healthy nonexercising adults (<i>n</i> = 897) who had whole-body SM mass measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Model predictions of relative SM changes with CR were evaluated in two longitudinal studies, one 12 to 14 weeks in duration (<i>n</i> = 74) and the other 12 months in duration (<i>n</i> = 26).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A series of SM prediction models were developed in a sample of 415 males and 482 females. Model-predicted changes in SM mass relative to changes in body weight (i.e., ΔSM/Δbody weight) with a representative model were (mean ± SE) 0.26 ± 0.013 in males and 0.14 ± 0.007 in females (sex difference, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The actual mean proportions of weight loss as SM in the longitudinal studies were 0.23 ± 0.02/0.20 ± 0.06 in males and 0.10 ± 0.02/0.17 ± 0.03 in females, similar to model-predicted values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonelderly males and females with overweight and obesity experience respective reductions in SM mass with voluntary CR in the absence of a structured exercise program of about 2 to 2.5 kg and 1 to 1.5 kg per 10-kg weight loss, respectively. These estimates are predicted to be influenced by interactions between age and body mass index in males, a hypothesis that needs future testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery in preteens versus teens using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database and center-specific data","authors":"Adil Shah,&nbsp;Norah E. Liang,&nbsp;Matias Bruzoni,&nbsp;Janey S. A. Pratt,&nbsp;Jeffrey Zitsman,&nbsp;Evan P. Nadler","doi":"10.1002/oby.23908","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23908","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently released clinical guidelines for the treatment of childhood obesity, including surgery being appropriate for children 13 years of age and older. The use of this age cut-off was due to a lack of data for children younger than 13. To address this knowledge gap, the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database was queried to compare outcomes in preteens to teens after bariatric surgery hypothesizing that there would be no difference in outcomes between the two groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patients from the MSAQIP database (2016–2021) were identified and divided into groups &lt;13 years and 13–18 years and were matched using propensity scores based on race, sex, and preoperative BMI. Outcomes were compared including change in BMI, complication rates, 30-day readmission or reoperation, and mortality. Additionally, the centers responsible for the bulk of the preteen patient entries queried their center-specific databases to evaluate weight loss over time.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 4755 patients were identified, 47 of whom were &lt;13 years of age. Preteens had similar sex distribution (66% vs. 75% female), were more likely to be Black (27.7% vs. 18.3%) or Hispanic (21.3% vs. 7.6%) race, and weighed less (274 ± 58 vs. 293 ± 85 lb, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01), but they had similar BMI (46.9 ± 7 vs. 47 ± 13 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) as their teen counterparts. Preteens were more likely to suffer from sleep apnea (34% vs. 19%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (10.6% vs. 1.8%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). There were no complications in the preteens compared to teens (0% vs. 0.5%), and they did not undergo any unplanned readmissions (0% vs. 2.9%) or reoperations (0% vs. 0.8%) within 30 days of surgery. There were also no mortalities reported in preteens (0% vs. 0.1%). The risk-adjusted decrease in BMI between preteens and teens was also comparable at 30 days (4.2 [95% CI: 3.0–5.4] vs. 4.6 [95% CI: 4.4–4.7], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.6). Decrease in BMI in preteens was 7 ± 3 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; at 3 months and 9 ± 4 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; at 12 months after surgery, which represented a percentage BMI change of 16 ± 7 and 20 ± 8, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates that bariatric surgery in preteens is safe and efficacious when performed at specialized centers, and that age criteria may not be required. The AAP and others are encouraged to include age cut-offs in their guidelines for children with obesity and bariatric surg","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"150-155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral adipose tissue reference data computed for GE HealthCare DXA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set","authors":"Jonathan P. Bennett,&nbsp;Brandon K. Quon,&nbsp;Bo Fan,&nbsp;En Liu,&nbsp;Leila Kazemi,&nbsp;Rosa C. Villegas-Valle,&nbsp;Raj Ahgun,&nbsp;Xian-pin Wu,&nbsp;Hou-De Zhou,&nbsp;Ying Lu,&nbsp;John A. Shepherd","doi":"10.1002/oby.23888","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23888","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) characterizes body composition representative of the US population using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. These population-level trends of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) are useful for identifying measures associated with increased disease risk. Recently, VAT and SAT data collected by Hologic DXA in NHANES were published online; however, there are known differences in the absolute calibration of DXA systems by make. The purpose of this study was to create reference tables suitable for calculating <i>z</i> scores and percentile values for GE HealthCare (GEHC) DXA systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DXA scans were acquired on participants aged 8 to 59 years using Hologic systems. DXA measures were converted to GEHC and described using the least median squares curve fitting method in pediatrics (aged &lt;20 years) and adults (aged 20–59 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 11,972 adults and 7298 pediatrics were included for this analysis. Adult and pediatric curves were generated by sex and by ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian, Other) and were derived as a function of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results show the ability to generate VAT and SAT reference data for GEHC systems using Hologic DXA data representative of the US youth and adult population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 12","pages":"2947-2959"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraprocessed, hyper-palatable, and high energy density foods: Prevalence and distinction across 30 years in the United States","authors":"Cassandra A. Sutton,&nbsp;Matthew Stratton,&nbsp;Alexa M. L'Insalata,&nbsp;Tera L. Fazzino","doi":"10.1002/oby.23897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultraprocessed foods (UPF), hyper-palatable foods (HPF), and high energy density (HED) foods may contribute to obesity risk. All have distinct definitions; however, it is unknown the degree to which they may identify overlapping or distinct foods. This study examined the availability of UPF, HPF, and HED foods in the US food system from 1988 to 2018 and the degree of distinction across definitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four data sets representing the US food system (1988, 2001, 2006, 2018) from the US Department of Agriculture were analyzed. UPF were identified based on the extent of industrialized processing. HPF were identified using the standardized definition that specifies palatability-inducing nutrient combinations. HED was characterized as &gt;2.0 kcal/g.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across years, 58% to 65% of foods were classified as UPF, 55% to 69% as HPF, and 37% to 47% as HED. Prevalence of UPF, HPF, and HED foods was higher in 2018 versus 1988 (<i>p</i> values &lt; 0.001); HPF evidenced the largest increase (14%) and UPF evidenced the smallest (4%) over time. There was moderate to high overlap in foods (40%–70%) across definitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, UPF, HPF, and HED foods comprise most foods in the US food supply. Changes in availability varied across definitions, with substantial increases in HPF and HED and relative stability of UPF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leslie Paul Kozak, PhD (1940–2023)","authors":"Eric Ravussin,&nbsp;Sven Enerback,&nbsp;Robert Koza","doi":"10.1002/oby.23919","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 12","pages":"2885-2886"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circumventricular organ-hypothalamic circuit endoplasmic reticulum stress drives hepatic steatosis during obesity","authors":"Han Rae Kim,&nbsp;Colin N. Young","doi":"10.1002/oby.23895","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23895","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excess liver triglyceride accumulation (hepatic steatosis), leads to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases and obesity-related mortality. Emerging evidence points to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the central nervous system as critical in NAFLD pathogenesis. Here, we tested the contribution of ER stress in a circumventricular organ-hypothalamic circuit in NAFLD development during obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow. A combination of histological, viral tracing, intersectional viral targeting, and <i>in vivo</i> integrative physiological approaches were used to examine the role of ER stress in subfornical organ to hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus projecting neurons (SFO➔PVN) in NAFLD during diet-induced obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked unfolded protein response activation in the SFO, particularly in excitatory SFO➔PVN neurons of HFD-fed animals. Moreover, intersectional viral inhibition of ER stress in SFO➔PVN neurons resulted in a reduction in hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and a blunted increase in body weight gain during diet-induced obesity, independent of changes in food intake, substrate partitioning, energy expenditure, and ambulatory activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results indicate that ER stress in an SFO➔PVN neural circuit contributes to hepatic steatosis during obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"32 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children at high familial risk for obesity show executive functioning deficits prior to development of excess weight status","authors":"Alaina L. Pearce,&nbsp;Kyle Hallisky,&nbsp;Barbara J. Rolls,&nbsp;Stephen J. Wilson,&nbsp;Emma Rose,&nbsp;Charles F. Geier,&nbsp;Hugh Garavan,&nbsp;Kathleen L. Keller","doi":"10.1002/oby.23892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to determine whether children with healthy weight who vary by familial risk for obesity differ in executive functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children (age 7–8 years) without obesity (<i>n</i> = 93, 52% male) who differed by familial risk for obesity (based on maternal weight status) completed go/no-go and stop-signal tasks to assess inhibitory control and an N-back task to assess working memory. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measured adiposity. Linear and mixed-effect models assessed unique effects and relative importance analysis-quantified relative effects of familial risk and percent body fat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children at high compared with low familial risk showed worse inhibitory control; however, child adiposity was not associated with inhibitory control. Both high familial risk and greater child adiposity were associated with worse N-back performance when cognitive demand was high (2-back), but not low (0- and 1-back). The relative effect of familial risk on executive functioning was 2.7 to 16 times greater than the relative effect of percent body fat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide initial evidence that deficits in executive functioning may precede the development of obesity in children at high familial risk for this disease. Additional family risk studies are needed to elucidate the pathways through which maternal obesity influences child executive functioning and risk for obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 12","pages":"2998-3007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oby.23892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of dual-energy x-ray visceral adipose tissue measures for comparison across clinical imaging systems","authors":"Jonathan P. Bennett,&nbsp;Bo Fan,&nbsp;En Liu,&nbsp;Leila Kazemi,&nbsp;Xian-Ping Wu,&nbsp;Hou-De Zhou,&nbsp;Ying Lu,&nbsp;John A. Shepherd","doi":"10.1002/oby.23885","DOIUrl":"10.1002/oby.23885","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clinical guidelines have been proposed to define VAT levels associated with increased risk. The aim was to standardize VAT measures between two dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) manufacturers who provide different VAT estimates to support standardization of measures across imaging modalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scans from 114 individuals (ages 18–81 years) on GE HealthCare (GEHC) and Hologic DXA systems were compared via Deming regression to standardize VAT between the two systems, validated in a separate sample (<i>n</i> = 15), with κ statistics to assess agreement of VAT measurements for classifying patients into risk categories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The GEHC and Hologic VAT measures were highly correlated and validated in the separate data set (<i>r</i>² = 0.97). VAT area measures substantially agreed for metabolic risk classification (weighted κ = 0.76) with no significant differences in the population mean values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VAT measures can be estimated from GEHC and Hologic scans that classify individuals in a substantially similar way into metabolic risk categories, and systematic bias between the measures can be removed using simple regression equations. These findings allow for DXA VAT measures to be used in complement to other imaging modalities, regardless of whether scans used GEHC or Hologic systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":215,"journal":{"name":"Obesity","volume":"31 12","pages":"2936-2946"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}