SAGE Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Moving beyond promethazine: Advancing precision in antiemetic therapy.","authors":"Matthew F Ryan, Carrie Lagasse","doi":"10.1177/20503121261449562","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261449562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Promethazine has long been a cornerstone in the management of nausea and vomiting (N/V) in emergency medicine; however, its safety profile-including risks of severe tissue injury and respiratory depression-has prompted renewed scrutiny. Nausea and vomiting arise from complex interactions between central and peripheral pathways involving the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vagal afferents, and multiple neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine (D2), serotonin (5-HT3), histamine (H1), muscarinic (M1), and neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors. This manuscript presents a focused narrative review and expert commentary examining the evolving role of promethazine in modern clinical practice. Drawing on regulatory guidance, contemporary literature, and institutional experience, we evaluate the risks associated with injectable promethazine and the rationale for transitioning toward safer alternatives. At our institution, removal of injectable promethazine from the formulary was guided by multidisciplinary consensus and aligned with updated safety recommendations. Alternative agents, including dopamine antagonists and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, provide comparable or superior efficacy with improved safety profiles. Advances in antiemetic therapy now support a multimodal, receptor-targeted approach, combining agents that act on complementary pathways to improve symptom control while minimizing adverse effects. While clinical contexts such as chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting differ in etiology and guideline-based management, they share overlapping receptor pathways that allow for a unified pharmacologic framework. Although intravenous promethazine remains in use in some settings, evolving safety data and regulatory guidance have led to progressive restriction and, in many institutions, elimination of its parenteral use. Given the availability of safer and more targeted therapies, the continued routine use of injectable promethazine warrants critical reassessment. This shift reflects a broader movement toward precision, safety, and evidence-based practice in antiemetic management and highlights the importance of aligning clinical practice with contemporary pharmacologic understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261449562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148043596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of abdominal circumference on spread of intrathecal heavy bupivacaine in parturient undergoing cesarean section: An observational study.","authors":"Prasant Silwal, Sangita Pudasaini, Elisha Thapa Magar","doi":"10.1177/20503121261455201","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261455201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal anesthesia is a widely preferred anesthetic technique for cesarean section but often leads to adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, and shivering, which are primarily attributed to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Since abdominal circumference correlates with intra-abdominal pressure in parturients, the objective is to investigate how abdominal circumference influences the spread of intrathecal heavy bupivacaine following spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of 78 pregnant women with singleton gestation undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Preoperative parturient abdominal circumference was measured. Lumbar puncture was performed at the L3-L4 interspinous space using a Quincke 25-gauge spinal needle with a midline approach in the sitting position, followed by the intrathecal administration of 2 mL of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine. The cephalic spread of local anesthetic was assessed by evaluating the dermatomal level of cold-sensation loss at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following spinal anesthesia. Kendall's tau correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between parturient abdominal circumference and the sensory block level at various time intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No correlation was found between parturient abdominal circumference and the level of loss of cold sensation at various time intervals. The incidence rates of adverse effects were as follows: hypotension (44.4%), bradycardia (4.2%), nausea (4.2%), vomiting (2.8%), and shivering (18.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found no correlation between parturient abdominal circumference and the intrathecal spread of heavy bupivacaine following spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261455201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148034534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes associated with an inpatient addiction consult service: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tina E Abraham, Abdul Qadeer, Madeline H Meier, Areeba Fareed, Daniel L Roberts, Khalid Benkhadra, Gretchen A Colbenson, Amy E Kole, Jamie J Coracides, Umesh M Sharma, Samuel R Choulet, Robert W Kirchoff","doi":"10.1177/20503121261453173","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261453173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have high rates of hospitalization, readmission, and prolonged lengths of stay.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of addiction consult services in the inpatient setting for patients with SUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five databases were systematically searched from their earliest available records through January 2025. Two authors independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of each study with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized clinical trials. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences were calculated for continuous outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search retrieved 20 studies that met inclusion criteria. The intervention for all studies was an addiction medicine consult, but the definition of this consult varied. The meta-analysis did not detect statistically significant differences in hospital length of stay, hospital readmission, or emergency department visits at 1 year among patients who received the consult compared with those who did not; however, many of these outcomes were likely underpowered. However, addiction medicine consults significantly improved the odds of inpatient initiation of medication for SUD (OR, 7.30; 95% CI, 3.30-16.13; <i>P</i><.001) and postdischarge SUD treatment linkage and adherence (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.06-5.32; <i>P</i><.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inpatient addiction consult services are associated with increased inpatient initiation of medication for SUD treatment and postdischarge treatment linkage and adherence. No clear association was identified between the consult and readmissions, emergency department utilization, or length of stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261453173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13191137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148017062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward equitable transplant protocols: Thymoglobulin vs. Basiliximab in African-American kidney transplantation shows higher infection risk without survival benefit.","authors":"Lucas Tobar, Mareena Zachariah, Piruthiviraj Natarajan, Pranatharthi H Chandrasekar, Shakir Hussein, Elizabeth Wilpula, Jeffrey Wolff, Indika Mallawaarachchi","doi":"10.1177/20503121261450794","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261450794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In kidney transplantation, induction therapy is often selected based on perceived immunologic risk for acute rejection, commonly considering African American (AA) ethnicity, panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels > 20%, and retransplantation.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Compare post-transplant outcomes in African American kidney transplant recipients between two induction agents, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) and basiliximab and followed long-term.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study included 173 AA KTRs followed for a mean of 39.7 ± 26.3 months. Patients received induction with either rATG (n = 71, 41%) or basiliximab (n = 102, 59%). All recipients were maintained on calcineurin inhibitor-based triple immunosuppression. Backward stepwise regression was used to obtain final adjusted models, and time to graft loss was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression (STATA 15).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in overall graft survival (p = 0.75), or death censored graft survival (p=0.28), between the two induction groups. The incidence of first biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) was similar (p = 0.14). Compared with basiliximab, rATG induction significantly increased the risk of viral infections (p = 0.019), bacterial infections (p = 0.025), and overall infections (p = 0.035). Infections were a risk factor for late graft loss (p = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among AA kidney transplant recipients, the use of depleting induction therapy with rATG did not confer benefit for graft or patient survival in the intermediate and long-term but was associated with a significantly higher risk of post-transplant infections. These findings suggest that the use of depleting antibody induction should be carefully balanced against infection risk and that risk stratification based solely on ethnicity should be reconsidered.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261450794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Analysis of health outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated children: Developmental delays, asthma, ear infections and gastrointestinal disorders\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/20503121261448849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261448849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/2050312120925344.].</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261448849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental pathology and maternal risk factors as predictors of adverse neonatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age births: A prospective cohort study in Northern Uganda.","authors":"Ahmed Ali Fahma, Marie Pascaline Sabine Ishimwe, Musa Kasujja, Maxwell Okello, Rogers Kajabwangu, Theodore Nteziyaremye, Sawda Abdikarim Sheikh Isse, Emmanuel Okurut, Abdifatah Abdullahi Mohamed, Adam Abdrahiman Ebaid, Eltayeb Mohamed Ahmed, Babikir Abdallah Araba Rajab, Theoneste Hakizimana","doi":"10.1177/20503121261453201","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261453201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Births that are small-for-gestational-age (SGA) represent a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of specific placental histopathological lesions and their association with maternal risk factors remain poorly characterized in this high-burden setting. This study aimed to determine the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA births and to identify associated placental and maternal predictors in northern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted at Lira Regional Referral and Kiryandongo General Hospitals in Uganda from 15^th April 2025 to 15^th August 2025. A total of 151 women delivering singleton SGA infants were enrolled. Maternal sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data were collected via a structured questionnaire, and placentas were examined using standardized histopathological protocols. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse neonatal events, including admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, preterm birth, or early neonatal death. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to identify independent predictors of the composite outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes was 48.3% (95% CI: 40.4-56.4). Placental abnormalities were identified in 47.7% of cases, with inflammatory lesions (8.6%), vascular lesions (7.9%), and villous infarctions (6.0%) being the most prevalent findings. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of any placental abnormality was the strongest independent predictor of adverse outcomes (adjusted Relative Risk = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.45-3.43; p < 0.001). Maternal obesity (Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m²; aRR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.06-2.46; p = 0.027) and higher maternal income (>200,000 Ugandan Shillings; aRR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03-2.69; p = 0.037) were also significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly half of SGA neonates in this northern Ugandan cohort experienced an adverse neonatal outcome. Placental abnormalities were common and were associated with adverse outcomes, and maternal obesity was identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor. These findings support the value of structured placental examination after SGA deliveries for etiologic classification and risk stratification and highlight the need for further research to determine whether targeted antenatal interventions addressing maternal nutrition and weight management can reduce adverse neonatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261453201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with blood pressure and hypertension in a large adult population: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hussein Alhurry, Fahimeh Hajihosseini, Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari, Sara Shojaei-Zarghani, Seyed Vahid Hosseini","doi":"10.1177/20503121261452836","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261452836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), a marker of insulin resistance, has been linked to various cardiometabolic disorders. However, its association with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and BP, hypertension, and prehypertension in a large sample of Iranians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis utilized baseline data from 7,996 participants in the PERSIAN Kharameh cohort study. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between the TyG index and BP components (systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse rate), as well as hypertension and prehypertension. The predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive relationship was observed between the TyG index and systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse rate, even after adjusting for confounding variables. Furthermore, each one-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 21% increase in the odds of hypertension (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.40) and a 34% increase in the odds of prehypertension (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.17-1.54). However, the discriminative ability of the TyG index for diagnosing hypertension and prehypertension was modest, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.571 and 0.574, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index is significantly and independently associated with higher BP levels and increased odds of hypertension and prehypertension. However, its utility as a standalone diagnostic tool for hypertension is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261452836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLC16A1 lactylation links epimetabolic reprogramming of triglycerides (50:3 and 50:1) to blood pressure regulation.","authors":"Weikun Zhao, Xiaoping Li, Rongjie Huang, Zuchun Luo","doi":"10.1177/20503121261451329","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261451329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between SLC16A1 lactylation modification and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), as well as the potential mediating role of lipidomics-triglyceride (50:3/50:1) in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study combines eQTL data and lactylation modifications to identify 16 associated genes, using Mendelian randomisation (MR) to assess their effects on SBP and DBP. It also employs summary-data-based Mendelian randomisation (SMR) for validation and lipidomics analysis to explore the effect of SLC16A1 lactylation on triglyceride (TG) subtypes (50:3/50:1). Finally, mediation analysis quantifies the role of triglyceride subtypes in the link between SLC16A1 lactylation and blood pressure changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SLC16A1 lactylation modification negatively correlates with SBP (<i>β</i> = -1.181, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and DBP (<i>β</i> = -0.9954, <i>P</i> < 0.001), confirmed by SMR analysis (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Lipidomics shows TG(50:3) and TG(50:1) are crucial for SBP and DBP, with TG(50:3) mediating 11.32% of the effect on SBP (<i>P</i> = 0.0381) and TG(50:1) mediating 9.32% on DBP (<i>P</i> = 0.00066).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that SLC16A1 lactylation modification might regulate SBP and DBP by suppressing the levels of TG(50:3) and TG(50:1), offering potential therapeutic targets for precision interventions in metabolic hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261451329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13172711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-pronged biobehavioural intervention strategies for prevention and control of hypertension: A systematic review of education-based community trials.","authors":"Martins Nweke, Nalini Govender, Bernard Appiah, Julian Pillay","doi":"10.1177/20503121261444673","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261444673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension contributes to preventable morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries with strained healthcare services. Factors such as diet, inactivity, stress, and low treatment adherence worsen this challenge. Community-based education programmes can address hypertension prevention and management. This review thus examines multi-pronged bio-behavioural education interventions outside healthcare facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple electronic databases were searched for community-based education programmes from inception (1996) to May 2025. Eligible studies evaluated community, workplace, or home-based education programmes that combined lifestyle advice, self-regulation strategies, and self-monitoring. Randomised and non-randomised designs were included if they reported blood pressure outcomes in adults without restriction to baseline hypertension status. Primary outcomes comprised changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Data were extracted by a trained assistant, and independently verified by the primary reviewer. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane ROBINS-I and RoB-2 tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies with 5532 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions typically incorporated dietary education, physical activity guidance, stress control techniques, and blood pressure self-monitoring. Programme duration ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months. Pooled results showed a reduction in SBP of 6.42 mmHg (95% CI -9.69 to -3.16) and a reduction in DBP of 3.04 mmHg (95% CI -6.02 to -0.07). Effects were larger in randomised trials and in interventions lasting 6 months or longer. The overall risk of bias was moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community bio-behavioural education programmes may improve blood pressure and complement pharmacological care, particularly where clinical access is limited. However, very high heterogeneity indicates that effects vary across settings and interventions. Further well-designed studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm durability and guide implementation.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The study is registered with PROSPERO, an international register of systematic reviews (ID: CRD420251034159).</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261444673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (nlr) as a predictor of endometriosis occurrence and prognosis: Evidence from a single-center study in Indonesia.","authors":"Ruswana Anwar, Rivaldi Rizal, Dina Marlina, Aditya Utomo, Annisa Dewi Nugrahani, Wianne Carima, Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz, Edy Priyanto, Megawati Albadly Ponco Dewi Poernomo","doi":"10.1177/20503121261451323","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121261451323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Intoduction: </strong>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, leading to pelvic pain and infertility. It affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Endometriosis is associated with a chronic inflammatory process that results in pain, tissue remodelling, fibrosis, adhesions, and infertility. Numerous chronic inflammatory indicators can serve as practical prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for the severity of the disease, one of which is the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The normal range of NLR is 1-3, with mild stress falling within the range of 6-9, and critical conditions being indicated by values above 9.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between endometriosis and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at Margono Soekarjo General Hospital in Indonesia and involved all women who suspected endometriosis between January 2022 and May 2024. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Statistical analysis was peformed to calculate the odds ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that women with endometriosis had 4.80 times higher odds [OR 4.8, 95% CI, p = 0.001] of having an elevated NLR compared to those without endometriosis. This means that women with endometriosis have a 4.80 higher risk of having an elevated NLR compared to women without endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a statistically significant association between endometriosis and NLR. NLR can serve as a biomarker with a potential role in the diagnosis and prognosis of endometriosis. Women with symptoms of endometriosis can undergo an NLR examination as a predictor or a pre-surgery assessment before confirmation through surgery and histopathological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"20503121261451323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13167289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}