SAGE Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among waste handlers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alemu Gedefie, Fekadeselassie Belege Getaneh, Habtu Debash, Saleamlak Sebsibe, Yonas Erkihun, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Yeshi Metaferia, Yeshimebet Kassa, Agumas Shibabaw, Mihret Tilahun, Getachew Mesfin Bambo, Samuel Sahile Kebede, Mekuanent Alemu, Wondmagegn Demsiss","doi":"10.1177/20503121241247685","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241247685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the leading causes of global liver-related morbidity and mortality. Waste handlers are one of the high-risk groups for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus acquisition. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among waste handlers in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles were extensively searched in bibliographic databases and gray literature using entry terms or phrases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were extracted in MS Excel and exported to STATA version 14 software for statistical analysis. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled magnitude of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Heterogeneity was quantified by using the <i>I</i>² value. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of a single study on pooled effect size.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Of the 116 studies identified, 8 studies were selected for meta-analysis. All studies reported hepatitis B virus, while 5 studies reported hepatitis C virus infection among waste handlers. The overall pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among waste handlers in Ethiopia was 5.07% (2.0-8.15) and 1.46% (0.52-2.4), respectively. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of lifetime hepatitis B virus exposure among Ethiopian waste handlers was 33.98% (95% CI: 21.24-46.72). Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection were not statistically associated with the type of waste handlers, that is, there was no difference between medical and nonmedical waste handlers.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42023398686.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among waste handlers in Ethiopia was intermediate and moderate, respectively. This showed that there is a strong need to scale up preventive efforts and strategic policy directions to limit the spread of these viruses. Moreover, we also conclude that handling healthcare and domestic waste is associated with a similar risk of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions and associated factors among women attending a cervical cancer clinic in Western Uganda; results based on Pap smear cytology.","authors":"Frank Ssedyabane, Nixon Niyonzima, Josephine Nambi Najjuma, Abraham Birungi, Raymond Atwine, Deusdedit Tusubira, Thomas C Randall, Cesar M Castro, Hakho Lee, Joseph Ngonzi","doi":"10.1177/20503121241252265","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241252265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are high incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer among females in East Africa. This is exacerbated by limited up-to-date data on premalignant lesions and associated factors in this setting. In this study, we determined the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions and associated factors among women attending the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital cervical cancer clinic in Southwestern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 364 participants were recruited from among women attending the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital cervical cancer clinic from 1 April to 30 June 2023. On consent, the study nurse collected demographic data and Pap smears, which were microscopically examined and reported by a laboratory scientist and a pathologist following the Bethesda grading system (2014). Statistical analyses were done in STATA version 17, using proportions, Chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine associated factors at ⩽0.05 significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 41.9 years. A third of all study participants (37.6%, 132/351) were contraceptive users, mostly hormonal contraceptives (87.1%, 115/132). Almost 88% (307/351) had an unknown Human Papilloma Virus status. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions among our study participants was 6.6% (23/351), of which 73.9% (17/23) were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. More than half (9/17, 52.9%) of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were active hormonal contraceptive users. Use of hormonal contraceptives (OR: 3.032, <i>p</i>: 0.0253), use of intrauterine devices (OR: 6.284, <i>p</i>: 0.039), and any family history of cervical cancer (OR: 4.144, <i>p</i>: 0.049) were significantly associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions was 6.6%, lower than global estimates. Use of hormonal and intrauterine device contraceptives, as well as family history of cervical cancer, were significantly associated with cervical intraepithelial lesions among our study population. Prospective studies are recommended to further understand associations between different types of intrauterine devices and hormonal contraceptives, and cervical lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward malaria among hospital outpatients in Nangarhar, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Arash Nemat, Abdul Ghafar Sherzad, Ehsanullah Ehsan, Asadullah Hassnzai, Mehrab Naderi, Naqeebullah Zaki, Mohammad Yasir Essar, Wafaa Binti Mowlabaccus, Michael G Head, Abdullah Asady","doi":"10.1177/20503121241251758","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241251758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Eastern Mediterranean region, Afghanistan ranks third for the world's highest burden of malaria. The vast majority (95%) of malaria cases in Afghanistan are attributed to <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and 5% to <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>. Most cases occur in low-altitude regions, especially in the eastern province of Nangarhar, where agriculture and farming are predominant. To better understand the public sentiment toward malaria, this study aimed to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients toward malaria who visited public and private hospitals of Nangarhar province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on Nangarhar residents who visited the adult Outpatient departments of eight local public and private health facilities. Data collection took place from 1st August 2022 to 15th September 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 700 participants, 37.9% (<i>n</i> = 265) identified as male and 62.1% (<i>n</i> = 435) identified as female. The majority of participants (84.6 %) were within the (18-40) age range, followed by 12.7% in the (41-60) age range, and 2.7% were aged 61 years or older. Moreover, 99.7% (<i>n</i> = 698) of the participants had heard of malaria. The main sources of information about malaria were family members (31.3%, <i>n</i> = 219), television (32.6%, <i>n</i> = 228), Internet (12.6%, <i>n</i> = 88), school (11.3%, <i>n</i> = 79), and health facilities (31.4%, <i>n</i> = 220). Most respondents correctly identified mosquito bites as the primary mode of malaria transmission (72.6%, <i>n</i> = 508). Others suggested that transmission could occur by close contact with a malaria patient (14.0%, <i>n</i> = 98) and drinking contaminated water (17.3%, <i>n</i> = 121). The majority of participants (70.6%) agreed that malaria is a serious and life-threatening disease. A significant number of participants (96.6%) reported owning an insecticide-treated mosquito net at home, and 87.0% reported using the net.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, participants reported good knowledge, attitude, and practice toward malaria. This may be linked to the awareness campaigns and preventive programs in Nangarhar province that have contributed to participant's willingness to prevent malaria and treat themselves if they get infected. Public health campaigns are difficult in Afghanistan with weak governance and conflict, and thus, populations may find themselves at risk if health promotion activities are stopped.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors contributing to the estimation of pulmonary tuberculosis among adults in a resource-limited setting: A systematic review of diagnostic predictions.","authors":"Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs, Gebretsadik Berhe, Kibrom Gebreslasie Gebrehiwot, Afework Mulugeta","doi":"10.1177/20503121241243238","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241243238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although tuberculosis is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, millions of cases remain undetected using current diagnostic methods. To address this problem, researchers have proposed prediction rules.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We analyzed existing prediction rules for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and identified factors with a moderate to high strength of association with the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search of relevant databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Global Health for Reports, and Google Scholar) up to 14 November 2022. Studies that developed diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults from low and middle-income countries were included. Two reviewers performed study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. The study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. We performed a narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 26 articles selected, only half included human immune deficiency virus-positive patients. In symptomatic human immune deficiency virus patients, radiographic findings and body mass index were strong predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis, with an odds ratio of >4. However, in human immune deficiency virus-negative individuals, the biomarkers showed a moderate association with the disease. In symptomatic human immune deficiency virus patients, a C-reactive protein level ⩾10 mg/L had a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 40%, respectively, whereas a trial of antibiotics had a specificity of 86% and a sensitivity of 43%. In smear-negative patients, anti-tuberculosis treatment showed a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 63%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The performance of predictors and diagnostic algorithms differs among patient subgroups, such as in human immune deficiency virus-positive patients, radiographic findings, and body mass index were strong predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, in human immune deficiency virus-negative individuals, the biomarkers showed a moderate association with the disease. A few models have reached the World Health Organization's recommendation. Therefore, more work should be done to strengthen the predictive models for tuberculosis screening in the future, and they should be developed rigorously, considering the heterogeneity of the population in clinical work.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dopamine receptor D2 <i>Taq</i> IA gene polymorphism (rs1800497) and personality traits.","authors":"Holiness S A Olasore, Tolulope A Oyedeji, Joseph O Faleti, Omobola I Ogundele, Anthony A Olashore","doi":"10.1177/20503121241241922","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241241922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to find a potential association between the <i>DRD2 Taq</i>1A gene polymorphism (rs1800497 C32806T) and personality traits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In all, 249 youths were recruited for this study. The Short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to assess personality traits. The participants were genotyped for the <i>DRD2 Taq</i>1A polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Statistical analysis was carried out to find a possible association between the genotypes and aspects of personality traits assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequencies of the A1 and A2 alleles in our sampled population were 215 (43.2%) and 283 (56.8%), while the frequencies of A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 were 67 (26.9%), 81 (32.5%), and 101 (40.6%), respectively. The study population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (<i>χ</i>² = 17.64, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The A2 allele was significantly associated with extraversion. Although this allele was also associated with neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie, the association was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The A2 allele of the <i>DRD2 Taq</i>1A polymorphism was found to be more associated with extraversion, as measured by the Short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System, Jordan 2021.","authors":"Yousef Khader, Moad J Al-Rahamneh, Sara Abu Khudair, Hiba Abaza, Ayah Al Shatnawi, Ibrahim Abuhmed, Ahmad Saleh Abu Rumman, Khaled Okkah, Suha Mohammed Alghoul, Ibrahim Falah Maia, Srinath Satyanarayana","doi":"10.1177/20503121241241970","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241241970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluate and determine the gaps in the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A concurrent embedded mixed quantitative/qualitative methods study was conducted to assess the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System in Jordan. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed based on the Updated CDC Guideline for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance System to collect necessary information from service providers and other stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance System encounter various gaps and challenges across several critical domains, including infrastructure, human resources, National Tuberculosis Program functions, surveillance system performance, coordination, case findings, and data collection and notification. Regrettably, not all of the Tuberculosis Surveillance System's objectives were successfully achieved in the past. Coordination of tuberculosis services has been repeatedly reported as inadequate. This deficiency manifests in the delay in diagnosing tuberculosis patients and, in some instances, misdiagnoses. The root cause is often traced back to insufficient knowledge of tuberculosis case definitions among healthcare providers at peripheral tuberculosis clinics. Additionally, a structured approach to active case finding is conspicuously absent. Furthermore, the tuberculosis management guidelines remain unfamiliar to many healthcare providers in tuberculosis centers, leaving them inadequately equipped to handle tuberculosis cases effectively. The utilization and analysis of the system's data are also far from optimal. A glaring concern is the delay in tuberculosis case notifications received from the stakeholders involved in the Tuberculosis Surveillance System.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed different gaps in the National Tuberculosis Program and Tuberculosis Surveillance Systems across several areas. The structure of National Tuberculosis Program and the clinical expertise of human resources do not support tuberculosis elimination. An electronic data collection and notification system is essential to facilitate tuberculosis case detection, reporting, and follow-up. Decision-makers should push the tuberculosis epidemic on the national health agenda. Jordan should focus on allocating national and international resources for tuberculosis control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy in women with endometriosis: Diagnostic challenges and management strategies.","authors":"Johnbosco Emmanuel Mamah, Chichetaram Ruth Otu, Chidinma Charity Okafor, Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor","doi":"10.1177/20503121241243245","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241243245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and management to avert a catastrophic outcome for the mother and baby. The main aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on this topic, including its incidence and clinical presentation, highlight the diagnostic challenges, and suggest management strategies. To achieve our objective, we examine the existing literature to provide insights into this complex clinical presentation to enhance our understanding and, in so doing, contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the subject of spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uterine artery embolization versus myomectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kaneez Fatima, Haya Waseem Ansari, Arooba Ejaz, Furqanullah Khalid, Aimen Naz, Ayesha Waqar, Adeela Sarfaraz Khan, Sana Godil, Muhammad Zain Ayub, Muhammad Azaan Tariq, Yumna Salman, Hassaan Ahmed Shah","doi":"10.1177/20503121241236141","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241236141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Uterine fibroids are the commonest benign tumors of the reproductive tract in women of childbearing age. They are usually asymptomatic but can cause menorrhagia. Treatments include myomectomy and uterine artery embolization (UAE). The latter is a relatively new procedure, therefore of special interest.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies to provide a comprehensive outlook on the effectiveness of UAE by comparing its outcomes to those of myomectomy. Electronic databases (PubMed and Cochrane Central) were systematically searched from January 2000 to March 2022 for published randomized control trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses that compared UAE to myomectomy for at least one of the pre-specified outcomes, namely re-intervention rates, length of hospital stay, and complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We shortlisted nine studies for the final analysis. For continuous outcomes, results from random-effects meta-analysis were presented as mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final analysis consisted of nine studies. Factors like re-intervention, hospitalization, and complications, each with its unique follow-up duration were assessed. Pooled analysis demonstrated significant results for greater re-intervention rates with UAE as compared to myomectomy (RR: 2.16, 95% CI: (1.27-3.66), <i>p-</i>value 0.004, heterogeneity <i>I</i>² = 85%). UAE holds a greater but statistically insignificant risk for major complications (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: (0.29-1.33), <i>p-</i>value 0.22, heterogeneity <i>I</i>² = 0%) and myomectomy shows a statistically insignificant greater risk for minor complications (RR: 1.72, 95% CI: (0.92-3.22), <i>p-</i>value 0.09, heterogeneity <i>I</i>² = 0%). UAE had a shorter but statistically insignificant duration of hospital stay (MD: -1.12, 95% CI: (-2.50 to 0.27), <i>p-</i>value 0.11, heterogeneity <i>I</i>² = 96%) (<i>p-</i>value for subgroup differences = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis of approximately 196,595 patients demonstrates that myomectomy results in a significant reduction in re-intervention rate compared to UAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled study of the effects of targeted health education on uptake of contraceptives among women of reproductive age in Nnewi City, South-East Nigeria.","authors":"Yanmeer Simeone Tyotswam, Rosebella Alungata Iseme, Eliphas Gitonga Makunyi","doi":"10.1177/20503121241237877","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241237877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a need for contraception uptake among people to enable them to fulfil their right to determine the timing, number and spacing of their children. In regions with poor contraceptive prevalence rates, lack of effective education has been largely implicated, and Nigeria falls among such regions. Thus, the present study is designed to examine the impact of an educational intervention on uptake of contraceptives among women aged 18-49 years seeking care at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Being an interventional study to underscore the effect of targeted health education on uptake of contraceptives, a randomized controlled trials design was adopted. A total of 275 women were randomly recruited and allocated into two groups-140 in intervention group and 135 in the control group. Data was collected by trained research assistants using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. The level of significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the level of uptake of contraceptives was similar in both the control and the intervention group (control = 2.48 points; intervention = 2.55 points). Overall, there were no statistically discernible differences between the two groups at baseline. The level of awareness and knowledge on contraceptives as well as the uptake of contraceptives significantly increased in both groups at the end of the study period. A statistically significantly higher increase was noted in the intervention group when compared to the control in level of awareness (<i>t</i> = 3.235; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and uptake of contraceptives (<i>t</i> = 2.628; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant positive changes in perceptions of contraceptives were observed more among the intervention group when compared to the control. Logistic regression analysis showed uptake of contraceptives was significantly influenced by occupation, monthly income, source of information, time of first use of contraceptives, level of knowledge on contraceptives as well as the targeted educational intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The targeted health educational intervention had a significant and positive effect on the level of awareness and uptake of contraceptives, as displayed in the intervention group. A significant and positive change in perception of contraceptives was also noted among the intervention group in almost all the questions. Certain factors were found to significantly impact the uptake of contraceptives. There is a need for studies with longer follow-up to ascertain sustained impact of health education on uptake of contraceptives. Further studies should be carried out in the other facilities in Nnewi to ensure a better coverage and representation of the target population. Finally, related studies should be carried out among men.</p>","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11088290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude, disparity, and predictors of poor-quality antenatal care service: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebeyaw Molla, Firew Tiruneh Tiyare, Abebe Sorsa Badacho, Ashenif Tadele","doi":"10.1177/20503121241248275","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20503121241248275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antenatal care is directed toward ensuring healthy pregnancy outcomes. Quality antenatal care increases the likelihood of receiving an effective intervention to maintain maternal, fetal, and neonatal well-being, while poor quality is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes. However, owing to the complex nature of quality, researchers have followed several approaches to systematically measure it. The evidence from these variable approaches appears inconsistence and poses challenges to programmers and policymakers. Hence, it is imperative to obtain a pooled estimate of the quality of antenatal care. Therefore, considering the scarcity of evidence on the quality of antenatal care, this study aimed to review, synthesize, and bring pooled estimates of accessible evidence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude and predictors of quality of antenatal care services and compare regional disparity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive systematic three-step approach search of published and unpublished sources from 2002 to 2022. The methodological quality of eligible studies was checked using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was carried out using STATA version 16. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's <i>Q</i> test. In the presence of moderate heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² more than 50%), sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted and presented in a forest plot. Effect size was reported using standardized mean difference and its 95% confidence interval. Funnel plots and Egger's regression test were used to measure publication bias at the 5% significance level. A trim-and-fill analysis was conducted to adjust for publication bias. Pooled estimates were computed using random-effects models and weighted using the inverse variance method in the presence of high heterogeneity among studies. A 95% CI and 5% significance level were considered to declare significance variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global pooled poor-quality antenatal care was 64.28% (95% CI: 59.58%-68.98%) (<i>I</i>² = 99.97%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). The identified pooled predictors of good-quality antenatal care service were: number of antenatal care visits (fourth and above antenatal care visit) (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.37-3.84), family wealth index (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.89-3.55), maternal education attainment (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 2.24-3.82), residence (urban dwellers) (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: 0.95-7.17), and confidentiality antenatal care (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: -0.36 to -4.82).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found regional and country-level disparities in the quality of antenatal care services for pregnant women, where poor-quality antenatal care services were provided for more than two-thirds to three-fourths of antenatal care attendants. Therefore, policymakers and h","PeriodicalId":21398,"journal":{"name":"SAGE Open Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11085007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}