Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental最新文献

{"title":"Another Godot who is still not coming: More on biomarkers for depression","authors":"Milena Čukić , Danka Savić","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89020347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient drop in the neutrophil count during COVID-19 regardless of clozapine treatment in patients with mental illness","authors":"Gabriel Vallecillo , Josep Marti-Bonany , Maria José Robles , Joan Ramón Fortuny , Fernando Lana , Victor Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9235394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precuneus and insular hypoactivation during cognitive processing in first-episode psychosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies","authors":"Pau Soldevila-Matías ,&nbsp;Anton Albajes-Eizagirre ,&nbsp;Joaquim Radua ,&nbsp;Gracián García-Martí ,&nbsp;José M. Rubio ,&nbsp;Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Fuentes-Durá ,&nbsp;Aleix Solanes ,&nbsp;Lydia Fortea ,&nbsp;Dominic Oliver ,&nbsp;Julio Sanjuán","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The neural correlates of the cognitive dysfunction in first-episode psychosis (FEP) are still unclear. The present review and meta-analysis provide an update of the location of the abnormalities in the fMRI-measured brain response to cognitive processes in individuals with FEP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis of cross-sectional fMRI studies comparing neural responses to cognitive tasks between individuals with FEP and healthy controls (HC) according to PRISMA guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-six studies were included, comprising 598 individuals with FEP and 567 HC. Individual studies reported statistically significant hypoactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (6 studies), frontal lobe (8 studies), cingulate (6 studies) and insula (5 studies). The meta-analysis showed statistically significant hypoactivation in the left anterior insula, precuneus and bilateral striatum.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While the studies tend to highlight frontal hypoactivation during cognitive tasks in FEP, our meta-analytic results show that the left precuneus and insula primarily display aberrant activation in FEP that may be associated with salience attribution to external stimuli and related to deficits in perception and regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38430463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The KDM6B mutation: Phenotype and clinical characteristics—Report of a case","authors":"Inmaculada Insa Pineda ,&nbsp;Cristina Luz Gómez González","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Alterations in the genes of lysine methylation as Lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) have been associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Until now, there are few cases in the literature attributed to KDM6B mutations. This gap may be due to the fact that the exome sequencing technique is still being implemented in routine clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A case is presented with its clinical and phenotypic characteristics. The sequence exome analysis was done with the Nimblegen SeqCap EZ MedExome capture kit<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->mtDNA 47Mb. The psychopathological approach from mental health was carried out through individual and family interviews, the Conner's questionnaires, ADHD rating scale, as well as the psychometry.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A frameshift variant in the KDM6B gene related to neurodevelopmental disorders with facial and body dysmorphia was obtained. The case was oriented as a neurodevelopmental disorder secondary to a genetic alteration and a comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The clinical peculiarities shared by patients identified with the KDM6B mutation, raises the need to recognize it as a particular entity. The possibility of applying the exome sequencing technique to patients with syndromic phenotype and developmental impairment may clarify its etiopathogenesis. It is highly probable that the complexity of these cases requires an approach by a multidisciplinary team that includes genetics, neurology and psychiatry, among other specialties. The coordinated approach is essential to have a comprehensive vision of the case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38823291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in urgent care for patients with an eating disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Spanish province","authors":"María Irigoyen-Otiñano ,&nbsp;Ana González-Pinto ,&nbsp;Vicent Llorca-Bofí ,&nbsp;Marina Adrados-Pérez ,&nbsp;Laura Arenas-Pijoan ,&nbsp;Giovanni Torterolo ,&nbsp;Marta Sánchez-Cazalilla ,&nbsp;Esther Buil ,&nbsp;Eugènia Nicolau-Subires ,&nbsp;Carla Albert-Porcar ,&nbsp;Lucía Ibarra-Pertusa ,&nbsp;Margarita Puigdevall-Ruestes","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on people's mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) are also highly sensitive to the pandemic situation due to their physical and mental health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had on the reasons for the urgent care of patients with an eating disorder, comparing the reasons for care with those from a previous period.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We compared the visits to the emergency room and their characteristics before and after the pandemic of patients with an eating disorder in the province of Lleida. Information regarding sociodemographic status, reason for consultation, diagnosis, characteristics of suicidal behaviour, and other data were obtained from the electronic medical records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within the total emergency attendances, eating disorders increased from 1.7% in the pre-pandemic period to 3.1% during the pandemic (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.030). Regarding the reason for consultation, a change in the pattern is observed, decreasing consultations for anxious decompensation (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) and increasing suicidal behaviour (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.016) and behavioural disorder (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.022).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In our study we ascertained an increase in urgent care given to patients with an eating disorder during the two states of alarm, while consultations for anxiety symptoms decreased notably. However, care for suicidal behaviour increased, especially in women with comorbidity of personality disorders and who were unemployed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8628540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9236679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining negative symptoms remission in schizophrenia using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale","authors":"Gurpreet Rekhi ,&nbsp;Mei San Ang ,&nbsp;Yiong Huak Chan ,&nbsp;Emilio Fernandez-Egea ,&nbsp;Brian Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Jimmy Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study aimed to propose criteria for negative symptoms remission (NSR) in schizophrenia using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS).</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>274 participants were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), BNSS and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Two criteria for NSR on the BNSS were proposed – NSR based on the BNSS domains scores (NSR_{BNSS_DOMAINS}) and NSR based on 5 key items of the BNSS (NSR_{BNSS_5ITEMS})_. A SOFAS score of 61 and above was considered as functional remission (FR). Logistic regressions were run to examine the association between FR and NSR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for the NSR criteria on FR. Kappa agreement statistic was used to evaluate the agreement between the two NSR criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighty-nine (32.5%) participants fulfilled NSR_{BNSS_DOMAINS} criterion whereas 70 (25.6%) participants fulfilled NSR_{BNSS_5ITEMS} criterion. The two NSR criteria had substantial agreement (Kappa statistic<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.797) with each other. Sixty-one (25.3%) participants were in FR. FR was significantly associated with NSR, irrespective of the criterion used. To predict FR, the Area Under the Curve for NSR_{BNSS_DOMAINS} and NSR_{BNSS_5ITEMS} were 0.761 (CI: 0.696–0.826, <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) and 0.723 (CI: 0.656–0.790, <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), respectively. Hence, both NSR criteria demonstrated a fair ability to discriminate between functional remitters and non-remitters.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Depending on the setting and needs, clinicians and researchers might employ either the full BNSS or an abbreviated 5-item BNSS scale to identify NSR in schizophrenia. More research is needed to further examine the validity of these criteria in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989121000604/pdfft?md5=c1ea3e2e72957ea8041b865bff6109ad&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989121000604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38956414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a European Spanish-version of the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Leticia García-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Clara Martínez-Cao ,&nbsp;Teresa Bobes-Bascarán ,&nbsp;Almudena Portilla ,&nbsp;Philippe Courtet ,&nbsp;Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás ,&nbsp;Ángela Velasco ,&nbsp;Leticia González-Blanco ,&nbsp;Paula Zurrón-Madera ,&nbsp;Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ,&nbsp;Pilar A. Sáiz ,&nbsp;María Paz García-Portilla ,&nbsp;Julio Bobes","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Negative symptoms can be grouped into five domains: apathy/avolition, anhedonia, asociality, alogia, and affective flattening. There are few validate self-rated measures that assess these five dimensions. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) in Spanish patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional, validation study in 104 outpatients with schizophrenia evaluated using the Spanish version of the following scales: Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale for Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Motivation and Pleasure Scale – Self-Report (MAP-SR), 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS).</p></div><div><h3>Results Reliability</h3><p>Internal consistency (Cronbach's <em>alpha</em>) was 0.915. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between MAP-SR and SNS Total scores was 0.660 (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). For PANSS-N, the correlation was 0.437 (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.005) and with the CAINS-Total was 0.478 (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.005). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between SNS and PSP was <em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.372 (<em>p</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.001), and with SF-36 Physical and Mental Summary Component scores were <em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.213 (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.066) and <em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.144 (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.219), respectively. Discriminant validity: SNS Total scores were significantly statistically different according to the severity of the negative symptomatology rated by the CGI-SCH negative scale (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The SNS is a reliable and valid instrument to self-rate the five domains of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a complementary measure to the evaluation performed by the clinician.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989120300367/pdfft?md5=4413150016d07160eb5ff4f46763b9e0&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989120300367-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38030617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hábitos alimenticios y nutricionales en pacientes con esquizofrenia","authors":"Paula Zurrón Madera ,&nbsp;Silvia Casaprima Suárez ,&nbsp;Leticia García Álvarez ,&nbsp;María Paz García-Portilla González ,&nbsp;Raquel Junquera Fernández ,&nbsp;María Teresa Lluch Canut","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are few studies that relate eating and nutritional habits to the severity of the disease and demographic profile in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe eating and nutritional habits and their relationship with the severity of the disease in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Cross-sectional descriptive study. Sample: 31 patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) under outpatient treatment. Inclusion criteria: age 18-65 years, clinically stable and, written informed consent. Assessment: Demographic, clinical characteristics (CGI-SCH, length of illness, BMI, abdominal perimeter), <em>ad hoc</em> questionnaire (eating, nutritional, and physical activity).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mean age 43.13(SD=7.85) years, males 61.3%. Mean severity of illness was 3.94(SD=1.06), mean duration of the illness 18.42(SD=8.27) years. 74.2% used to eat weekly fat meat and 64.5% less than 3-4 servings of fish, 77.4% less than 3 servings of fruit per day, and 51.6% drink less than 1l of water. 83.9% used to drink coffee daily, 2.81(SD=2.02) cups per day. Patients showed lower levels of Vitamin A, D, E, K1, C, folic acid, and magnesium. 93.5% did not fulfill the WHO recommendations on physical activity. Only retinol (r=-0.602, <em>p</em>=0.039) and vitamin K1 (r=-0.693, <em>p</em>=0.012) in women were related to the severity of illness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Outpatients with schizophrenia do not follow WHO recommendations on healthy diets, neither physical activity. Both clinical severity of the illness and marital status and cohabitation were associated with poor eating habits and nutrients deficit. These data should be taken into account by the nursing staff when implementing specific care in routine clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989119300989/pdfft?md5=3b562c41e5b32a5623d2486395da8403&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989119300989-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37480792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio en imagen en espejo (10 años de seguimiento y 10 de pretratamiento estándar) de ingresos hospitalarios de personas con esquizofrenia grave en un programa comunitario con gestión de casos","authors":"Silvia Díaz-Fernández ,&nbsp;Danny Francisco Frías-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Juan José Fernández-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine the psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with severe schizophrenia before (standard treatment in mental health centres) and during treatment in a comprehensive, community-based, case- managed programme, as well as the role played by antipsychotic medication (oral or long-acting injectable).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Observational, mirror image study of ten years of follow-up and ten retrospectives (‘pre-treatment’: standard), of patients with severe schizophrenia in a community-based programme, with pharmacological and psychosocial integrated treatment and intensive case management (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->344). Reasons for discharge from the programme and psychiatric hospital admissions (and whether they were involuntary) were recorded ten years before and during treatment, as well as the antipsychotic medication prescribed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The retention achieved in the programme was high: after 10 years only 12.2% of the patients were voluntary discharges vs 84.3% on previous standard treatment. The number of patients with hospital admissions, and number of admissions due to relapses decreased drastically after entering the programme (p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0,0001), as well the involuntary admissions (p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0,001). Being on long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication was related with these results (p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0,0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Treatment of patients with severe schizophrenia in a comprehensive, community-based and case-managed programme achieved high retention rates, and was effective in drastically reducing psychiatric hospitalizations compared to the previous standard treatment in mental health units. Undergoing treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics was clearly linked to these outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989119300527/pdfft?md5=8aebdbc9ada1af6883807feeeac631dc&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989119300527-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37368979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early versus late risk factors for deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia","authors":"Setareh Alabaf ,&nbsp;Brian Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Shanquan Chen ,&nbsp;Rudolf N. Cardinal ,&nbsp;Emilio Fernandez-Egea","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We examined whether timing of known risk factors for schizophrenia may influence the development of schizophrenia with primary negative symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This cross-sectional single-centre study in England used a clinical cohort of 167 clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients. Deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia models were used as clinical proxies of patients with and without primary negative symptoms respectively. Patients were assessed using the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome. We examined previously replicated risk factors (family history of psychosis, advanced paternal age, male gender, birth weight &lt;3000<!--> <!-->g, summer birth, cannabis use, exposure to physical or sexual abuse and/or bullying) as well as other traumatic events for deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found a distinct risk factor pattern for the two groups. Compared to the nondeficit group, patients with deficit schizophrenia reported a significantly lower prevalence of cannabis use (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005) at the time of first-episode psychosis (FEP), physical or sexual abuse (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.033) prior to FEP, less exposure to crime-related traumatic events (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.012) and significantly associated with summer birth (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.017). The groups did not differ in terms of family history of psychosis, advanced paternal age, male gender, or low birth weight. To account for multiple comparisons, a confirmatory analysis was performed using logistic regression which yielded similar results except that summer birth no longer reached statistical significance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest the timing of the insult may influence the symptom presentation, with insults later in life (cannabis or traumatic events) being associated with psychotic presentation and less with primary negative symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989121000331/pdfft?md5=a1c6aa9ce7c5d2e9751d2abee415eb9a&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989121000331-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25556291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}