Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106692
Xuguang Ma , Yun-Ting Tsai , Chi-Min Shu , Yi Yang
{"title":"Risk evolution analysis of gas leakage accidents based on complex network","authors":"Xuguang Ma , Yun-Ting Tsai , Chi-Min Shu , Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxic gas leakage accidents are catastrophic and thus the subject of considerable attention among researchers, regulators, and companies. Thus, this study constructed a complex network evolution model of hazardous gas leakage accidents. It did so by analysing accident reports to then construct 10 fault trees to, in turn, construct an accident chain with causal linkages. This model comprised 67 nodes and 94 edges and effectively described the progression of such accidents from an event causality perspective. Microscopic and macroscopic analyses of the model revealed critical risk events in the network. Moreover, the comprehensive clustering coefficient (0.052), average path length (4.595), and network diameter (10) were calculated in MATLAB. These metrics were used to identify the shortest disaster paths associated with various prevention and control strategies. This study conducted deliberate attack experiments on the aforementioned network model. The findings of the study indicated the most hazardous events and pathways that are most likely to trigger accidents. These findings aligned with statistical data on accident causes, thereby providing insights for proactive prevention and effective management of gas leaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106709
Weichao Yang , Xue Yan , De Hu , Xuelian Jiang , Jining Song , Ruiqing Lang , Kui Xu , Jijian Lian
{"title":"A novel emergency evacuation route optimization model in flood disasters using hydrodynamic model and intelligent algorithm","authors":"Weichao Yang , Xue Yan , De Hu , Xuelian Jiang , Jining Song , Ruiqing Lang , Kui Xu , Jijian Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, flood disasters have intensified due to frequent extreme rainfall events worldwide. Emergency evacuation is regard as the most important response action for reducing the loss of human life in floods. However, there are still few studies on the optimal selection of emergency evacuation routes for flood disasters. This study aims to propose a novel emergency evacuation route optimization model for flood disasters using hydrodynamic model and intelligent algorithms. The hydrodynamic model is applied to simulate the flood evolution and then determine the transfer village and resettlement village, while intelligent algorithms are used to solve emergency evacuation routes between them. First, the TELEMAC-2D couples a novel fine-scale roughness assignment method are selected as the hydrodynamic model for flood evolution simulation, determining more accurate transfer and resettlement villages. Second, the Mask-RCNN image segmentation technique and Thiessen polygons are introduced to solve the missing population data in those villages, which is an important link to determine the emergency evacuation routes. Thirdly, a novel emergency evacuation route optimization model is developed combining intelligent algorithms like ant colony algorithm considering search radius, genetic algorithm coupling indexed matrix and road congestion, greatly improving the selection efficiency of flood emergency evacuation routes between transfer and resettlement villages. The research results are applicable to the emergency evacuation before and during floods, providing advance warning and process evacuation guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106709"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106711
Kurt Elvegård
{"title":"Why train? Compatible and incompatible institutional logics in violence prevention and management training","authors":"Kurt Elvegård","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A critical component of ensuring safe workplaces is training in preventing and managing violent behavior. This article examines the institutional logics underpinning such training programs, investigating their design, rationale, and impact on everyday practices within human services. Despite extensive research on the content, effects, and experiences of these training programs, there is a notable gap in understanding the rationale behind their development. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring why violence prevention and management training is structured as it is and how institutional logics affect training and practice. This research identifies seven institutional logics that shape these programs through an in-depth qualitative analysis of three Norwegian human service training programs – encompassing mental health care, child welfare services, and Norway’s national welfare agency. Some of the logics are complementary. Others are incompatible, leading to significant practical implications. Data collection included qualitative document analysis and interviews with representatives from the training communities. The study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing the training program design and influence, not the least, by underscoring their duality as measures of improving service delivery and ensuring safe working conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705
Yewei Ouyang, Xiaowei Luo
{"title":"Effects of physical fatigue superimposed on high temperatures on construction workers’ cognitive performance","authors":"Yewei Ouyang, Xiaowei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of physical fatigue on construction safety have been widely investigated, but it fails to examine the effects when physical fatigue is combined with adverse environmental conditions. This study investigated the combined effects of physical fatigue and high temperatures on workers’ safety-related cognitive performances, including mental workload, mental fatigue, and attention. A within-subject (n = 20) experiment was designed, where subjects suffered non-fatigued and three fatigued (low, medium, and high levels) conditions, both in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. Their cognitions were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG) device while performing cognitive tasks. It indicates that physical fatigue significantly impaired cognitive performances; when the heat was superimposed on physical fatigue, the negative effects of physical fatigue on cognition were magnified; the cognitive impairments would further undermine task performance. The findings would help expand the understanding of the effects of physical fatigue on construction safety, and also provide a theoretical basis for implementing safety management measures in job sites with heat exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106707
Verity Truelove , Michelle Nicolls , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
{"title":"“I probably feel slightly more invincible”: The impact of technology that discloses enforcement locations on drivers’ behaviours","authors":"Verity Truelove , Michelle Nicolls , Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a plethora of technology currently available that have the ability to notify individuals of traffic enforcement locations while they are driving. This technology has the potential to undermine legal deterrent efforts for preventing risky driving behaviours. However, drivers’ experiences using this technology and the trajectories through which this might interfere with deterrence for road rule violations are largely unexplored areas. As such, the present study aimed to explore two research questions: 1) what type of technology is used and how is it used, and 2) how does drivers’ use of this technology influence deterrence for road rule violations. In total, 58 Queensland licenced drivers who use technology that informs them of legal enforcement while driving participated in focus groups. To consider differences in use between ages, the sessions were conducted in three different age groups: 17–25 years, 26–49 years, and 50+ years. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to the data, resulting in eight recognised themes. The findings highlighted that for most drivers, the primary purpose of using the technology was for navigation, while being notified of enforcement locations was a secondary purpose. In addition, the use of this technology encouraged road rule compliance for some yet was used as a strategy to avoid being caught for road rule violations for others. The findings have a number of practical and theoretical implications, demonstrating the complex interplay between technology used for enforcement notifications, its role in deterring road rule violations, and the principles of responsible innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106704
Lisheng Jin , Xingchen Liu , Baicang Guo , Zhuotong Han , Yinlin Wang , Yuan Cao , Xiao Yang , Jian Shi
{"title":"Impact of non-driving related task types, request modalities, and automation on driver takeover: A meta-analysis","authors":"Lisheng Jin , Xingchen Liu , Baicang Guo , Zhuotong Han , Yinlin Wang , Yuan Cao , Xiao Yang , Jian Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition towards fully automated driving necessitates human intervention in specific scenarios, making it crucial to understand the factors influencing driver takeover performance. This meta-analysis systematically reviews 37 studies selected from an initial pool of 1945, focusing on the impact of non-driving related task (NDRT) types, takeover request (TOR) modalities, and levels of automated driving (LAD) on driver response and vehicle control during takeover events. The findings reveal that engagement in multiple NDRTs significantly delays driver response times and degrades control over vehicle dynamics, particularly in critical lateral and longitudinal maneuvers. Furthermore, multimodal TORs are more effective in eliciting timely and accurate driver responses compared to unimodal TORs, which often result in suboptimal performance. Additionally, manual driving (L0) improves emergency response but comes with a higher driving workload compared to conditional automated driving (L3) takeovers. These insights underscore the need for optimized TOR strategies and the development of advanced multimodal systems to enhance driver readiness and safety in automated driving environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106699
Xinru Chang, Song Guo, Dianxiang Zhou, Zhengwen Dong
{"title":"Numerical simulation on the compartment safety of solid propellant storage under accidental jet fire","authors":"Xinru Chang, Song Guo, Dianxiang Zhou, Zhengwen Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the storage process of solid rocket motors (SRM), unintentional operations may lead to uncontrolled internal propellant combustion, which threatens to adjacent rocket motors and results in catastrophic outcomes. Consequently, the safety of storing SRM is a critical concern. In this paper, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method is applied. The structure and flow parameters of the flow field are obtained using the Naiver-Stokes (N-S) control equations, the Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model, and the finite rate model. We investigate the hazardous properties of a standard storage compartment equipped with an exhaust cover and spray system in the event of an accidental jet fire. Furthermore, the safety parameters of the storage compartment are examined. The results showed that the jet flame was initially directed at the side walls, spread to the upper part, and propagated throughout the storage compartment. Using the response times and thresholds of the temperature and pressure sensors, the study determined the optimal activation time for the pressure relief port and water spray system to be 0.4 s and 0.1 s, corresponding to a spray intensity of 0.5 kg/s. The synergistic effects of the pressure relief exhaust cover and spray mechanisms could quickly reduce the temperature of the compartment below the critical threshold of 500 K, thereby preventing thermal hazards associated with propellant combustion within 10 s. The optimal location and time of entry into the storage compartment are determined based on monitoring the mass fraction of gases in the compartment while maintaining temperature and pressure safety limits. The results will provide theoretical foundations for improving secure memory design practices on SRM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106701
Giuseppa Ancione, Maria Francesca Milazzo
{"title":"Identifying risk factors in handing and lifting loads by the analysis of near-miss and accident reports","authors":"Giuseppa Ancione, Maria Francesca Milazzo","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most significant dangers, associated with equipment for handling/lifting loads in industrial contexts, maintenance activities and intermodal transport, are overturns, collapses and load falls. Accidents have a significant potential for injury, death and damage especially in major hazard industries due the potential release of hazardous substances. The literature review shows a lack of data to be used in performing complete risk assessments in sectors where the use of cranes could increase the risk due to the plant operability. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. The analysis of the accident and near-miss reports and the construction of a database have been the starting point of this work. The definition of the correlation accident-cause, by means of the development of bowtie analyses, supports in calculating the accidental rates and in understanding the main improvements to reduce the number of the undesired events, and to support the risk management. Focusing on major accident hazards, the top events have been identified and the bowties have been developed. By using the dataset, quantitative bowties have been provided to the risk analyst for several contexts. A case-study, which is a facility inside a refinery, has been used to quantify the effect due to crane activity inside the establishment in term of frequencies. Data processing is subject to uncertainties of various kinds, linked to technological change, the greater or lesser complexity of regulations and compliance with them. The results have been validated by using a similar dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106701"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106706
Joanne M. Bennett , Thomas B. McGuckian , Nathan Healy , Nikki Lam , Ralph Lucas , Kathleen Palmer , Robert G. Crowther , David A. Greene , Peter Wilson , Jonathan Duckworth
{"title":"Development of a virtual reality pedestrian street-crossing task: The examination of hazard perception and gap acceptance","authors":"Joanne M. Bennett , Thomas B. McGuckian , Nathan Healy , Nikki Lam , Ralph Lucas , Kathleen Palmer , Robert G. Crowther , David A. Greene , Peter Wilson , Jonathan Duckworth","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrians are a particularly vulnerable road user due to their lack of protection in the event of a crash, which makes safe road-crossing imperative. Current research on pedestrian hazard perception behaviour is limited because street-crossing tasks have not been developed using established procedures. The current study aimed to apply established driver hazard perception principles to the development of a virtual-reality pedestrian street-crossing task (VR-PSCT) which assessed hazard perception and gap acceptance separately. Un-staged street-crossing scenarios (including 36 hazard perception and 41 gap acceptance clips) were filmed at average child and adult heights using 360-degree video cameras at 24 locations across Sydney and Melbourne suburbs. Using established test creation procedures, 16 hazard perception and 17 gap acceptance clips were tested with 76 participants: 32 children (<em>M</em> = 9.48, <em>SD</em> = 1.31, 75.2 % male) and 44 adults (<em>M</em> = 23.45, <em>SD</em> = 3.46, 48 % male). Analysis of performance resulted in the removal of another nine clips, resulting in a final VR-PSCT comprising 13 hazard perception and 11 gap acceptance clips. Adults responded more often within the designated hazard and gap windows, had significantly faster response times, and accurately identified hazards more often than children. This indicates that a comparison between adults and children is a useful metric for determining clip inclusion in pedestrian tasks and provides support for the VR-PSCT being an appropriate assessment of two key pedestrian street-crossing behaviours that can be used in future research on pedestrian road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106706"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety SciencePub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106686
Kaylie Lau , Geoff Fernie , Atena Roshan Fekr
{"title":"Estimating the slip resistant quality of winter footwear using Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Kaylie Lau , Geoff Fernie , Atena Roshan Fekr","doi":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slips and falls on ice are among the common causes of emergency department visits and hospitalizations during the winter season. These injuries are costly and can place a financial burden on healthcare systems and municipalities. Using slip resistant winter footwear is a key factor in reducing the risk of slips and eventually falls. In this study, we developed an Artificial Intelligence model that classifies high and low slip resistant footwear based on images of their outsoles. Our model was trained on a unique dataset which consisted of images of 266 winter footwear outsoles. This dataset included footwear outsoles made from rubber (n = 89), Arctic Grip (n = 101), and Green Diamond material (n = 76). The slip resistance of all footwear samples was tested and rated with a human-centered protocol called the Maximum Achievable Angle test. We applied a transfer learning technique to develop a 2D convolutional neural network to classify the outsoles as having high and low slip resistance. The best classification model used the Xception pre-trained model and obtained an accuracy and F1-score of 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. The AUC-ROC (Area Under the Curve for Receiver Operating Characteristic) was also 0.91. Our results suggest that the proposed model properly identified high and low slip resistant winter footwear outsoles. Our findings also confirmed that the footwear’s outsole tread pattern and material directly impact the footwear’s slip resistance quality. The proposed model will help footwear manufacturers to improve their workflow and increase product quality which can ultimately decrease the events of slips and falls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21375,"journal":{"name":"Safety Science","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}