Psychiatry Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Decoupled but Intertwined Association Between Dissociation and Depression: The Impact of Sleep and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.","authors":"Yung-Chi Hsieh, Chui-De Chiu, Li-Shiu Chou, Ching-Hua Lin, Dian-Jeng Li","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0076","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Whether dissociation and depression are distinct constructs remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the interrelations and associated factors between them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder with major depressive episode (BD). Clinical rating scales were used to measure levels of depression, dissociation, and psychotic symptoms. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate interrelations between dissociation and related factors over time, including depression. Moreover, the impacts of individual items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) on dissociation were evaluated after multiple adjustments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 91 participants were included into the analysis, of whom 59 had MDD and 32 had BD. After standardized treatment, levels of depression and psychotic symptoms significantly decreased, whereas the level of dissociation did not. However, the level of dissociation significantly decreased in the high-dissociation group, and this was positively associated with the change in depression and psychotic symptoms. Female sex and comorbidity with borderline personality disorder were also positively correlated with dissociation. Among items of the HAMD, insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms contributed to the association between depression and dissociation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified a decoupled but intertwined relationship between dissociation and depression. Clinicians should be aware of this comorbidity and provide timely interventions for dissociation during clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"583-590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Activation in Response to Literature-Related Activities.","authors":"Seungpil Jeong, Ji Sun Hong, Doug Hyun Han","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0035","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A humanities-based approach to understanding the brain can yield valuable insights, advancing neuroscience and enhancing mental, emotional, and social well-being. This study was aimed at exploring how engagement in literature-related activities stimulates brain activity in the prefrontal cortex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 24 healthy male participants aged 20 to 29 years. They completed clinical scales assessing depression, anxiety, attention, and humanistic knowledge. They also performed six tasks comprising various literature-related cognitive challenges while hemodynamic changes in their frontal cortices were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Task 1 (word memory and recognition) increased activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), as did Task 2 (emotional words classification), which also elevated activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Task 3 (understanding context) increased activation in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). Tasks 4 (interpersonal relationship) and 5 (listening, memory, understanding, and expression) drove similar increases in the frontopolar and DLPFC regions. Task 6 (creative activities using characters and items) significantly activated multiple regions, including the right and left VLPFC and OFC. Humanistic knowledge scores were positively correlated with left and right DLPFC activation in Tasks 3 and 5, respectively. Conversely, Task 6 showed negative correlations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder scores and both right DLPFC and right OFC activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key brain regions involved in literature activities. Complex activities (semantic processing, understanding and creative expression, decision-making and emotional regulation, etc.) stimulated various regions of prefrontal cortices, including the VLPFC, DLPFC, and OFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"574-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Online Intervention Program to Augment Psychological Resilience: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sang Won Lee, Jihyun Nam","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0319","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Resilience is the ability to bounce back from stressful events using individual and environmental resources. The online intervention program, MoVemEnT, which includes mindfulness training and emotion regulation, was developed to enhance resilience among young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Persons without current medical or psychiatric diseases, aged 20-40 years, were recruited. Ninety-six participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or a waiting list control (WLC) group, with 45 participants per group completing the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results demonstrated significant improvements in the intervention group in measures of emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS) and clinical symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, CES-D) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) compared to the WLC group (all p<0.05). Correlation analyses indicated that improvements in DERS scores were associated with enhanced resilience, as measured by the Korean Resilience Quotient-53 (KRQ-53) and reduced CES-D scores. Reduction in DERS scores can reduce depressive symptoms (CES-D) through direct and indirect pathways via an increase in KRQ-53, according to mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reported positive effects of the MoVemEnT program, which includes short videos and brief homework assignments, on resilience in young adults. This study suggests that online intervention programs could offer an opportunity to simultaneously improve general mental health among a large population and may help reduce the burden of face-to-face psychological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"542-551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Structure of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Older Asian Patients With Depressive Disorders: Findings From REAP-AD3.","authors":"Seon-Cheol Park, Kiwon Kim, Jeongsoo Park, Sun Choi, Seonhwa Lee, Seungwon Cho, Eunkyung Kim, Tian-Mei Si, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, Andi J Tanra, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Kok Yoon Chee, Afzal Javed, Kang Sim, Pornjira Pariwatcharakul, Takahiro A Kato, Shih-Ku Lin, Naotaka Shinfuku, Norman Sartorius","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0033","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The clinical presentation of depressive disorders might be influenced by age, and its diagnosis and treatment can be affected by ageism-related bias. A network analysis can reveal symptom patterns unrecognized by the reductionistic approach. Therefore, this study explores the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms in older Asian patients with depressive disorders and examines age-related differences in the context of ageism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants, Phase 3 study and included 2,785 psychiatric patients from 11 Asian countries. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Network analyses were conducted to identify symptom interconnections and centrality among older (>65 years), middle-aged (35-64 years), and young (18-34 years) adult groups. The network structures were also compared using a network comparison test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depressed mood was the most central symptom across all age groups. Network comparisons revealed no significant structural differences among the three age groups, despite several variations in terms of global strength. The network structure of the older group was characterized by strong interconnections between somatic symptoms (insomnia-energy) and core depressive symptoms (little interest or pleasure-feelings of hopelessness).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that the network structures of depression and anxiety symptoms have relatively consistent interconnections across age groups, despite subtle age-based differences. Specifically, older adults tend to present anxiety and depression symptoms as physical complaints. These findings challenge ageist stereotypes and advocate for inclusive, age-neutral approaches to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"552-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observer-Blind Randomized Control Trial for the Effectiveness of Intensive Case Management in Seoul: Clinical and Quality-of-Life Outcomes for Severe Mental Illness.","authors":"Hye-Young Min, Seung-Hee Ahn, Jeung Suk Lim, Hwa Yeon Seo, Sung Joon Cho, Seung Yeon Lee, Dohhee Kim, Kihoon You, Hyun Seo Choi, Su-Jin Yang, Jee Eun Park, Bong Jin Hahm, Hae Woo Lee, Jee Hoon Sohn","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0340","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In South Korea, there is a significant gap in systematic, evidence-based research on intensive case management (ICM) for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ICM through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing ICM with standard case management (non-ICM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An RCT was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Seoul-intensive case management (S-ICM) vs. non-ICM in individuals with SMI in Seoul. A total of 78 participants were randomly assigned to either the S-ICM group (n=41) or the control group (n=37). Various clinical assessments, including the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale, and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), along with quality-of-life measures such as the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule, WHO Quality of Life scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were evaluated over a 3-month period. Statistical analyses, including analysis of covariance and logistic regression, were used to determine the effectiveness of S-ICM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The S-ICM group had significantly lower odds of self-harm or suicidal attempts compared to the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21-1.38). Psychiatric symptoms measured by the BPRS and perceived social support measured by the MSPSS significantly improved in the S-ICM group. The S-ICM group also had significantly higher odds of CGI-I compared to the control group (aOR=8.20, 95% CI: 2.66-25.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides inaugural evidence on the effectiveness of S-ICM services, supporting their standardization and potential nationwide expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"513-521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Substance Use Sleep Scale for Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder.","authors":"Sook Kyoung Park, Eun Ju Song","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0228","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Substance Use Sleep Scale (SUSS) and test its validity and reliability in patients with alcohol use disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a methodological design. Exploratory factor analysis and content, construct, and reliability analyses of the SUSS were conducted. Between June and November 2023, 292 patients with alcohol use disorder were recruited from three psychiatric mental hospitals and five community addiction management centers located in five cities in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 23 items extracted in the content validity process, and 20 items were selected; the cumulative explanation rate of the scale was 62.79%. The scale had good internal consistency with a Cronbach's α of 0.91. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a reasonable fit for the 4-factors model (χ2=656.95 [p<0.001], χ2/df=2.29, standardized root mean-squared residual=0.06, root mean square error of approximation=0.062, Tucker-Lewis index=0.92, comparative fit index=0.92, incremental fit index=0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that the Korean version of the SUSS is a valid and reliable scale with a robust factorial structure and is useful for measuring sleep problems in patients with alcohol use disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"531-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Spiritual Well-Being a Protective Factor Against Stress? An Analysis in a Sample of Peruvian Christians.","authors":"Carolina Cruz-Perez, David Javier-Aliaga, Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla, Jacksaint Saintila","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0146","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The scientific literature indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual well-being and stress. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the interrelationships between these two factors within the context of a Christian community. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress in a sample of Peruvian Christians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 members of a Christian community in southern Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Stress Scale (SS-7) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Negative and statistically significant correlation were found between spiritual well-being religious well-being and existential well-being with stress (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual well-being and sex accounted for 27.8% of the variance in stress levels (adjusted R2=0.278). Spiritual well-being (β=-0.512, p<0.001) has a significant negative effect on stress, while being female (β=0.114, p=0.035) is associated with higher stress levels compared to being male. The moderation effect was not significant, indicating that spiritual well-being influences stress similarly across both sexes (b=-0.0303, standard error=0.0405, t=-0.7469, p=0.456).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the integration of spiritual well-being into interventions for mental health promotion and prevention with an emphasis on stress; and confirm that the spirituality component of Christians can play an important role in lowering stress levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 5","pages":"504-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism on Clinical Features of High-Risk Psychosis Before Schizophrenia.","authors":"Lin Wan, Xueqing Han","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>High-risk psychosis before schizophrenia includes individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) and genetic high risk (GHR). Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene variants have been identified as risk factors for schizophrenia onset and symptom severity, though the effects of these polymorphisms in high-risk individuals remain unexplored. This study investigated the impact of MTHFR polymorphisms on clinical features of high-risk psychosis. We hypothesized that MTHFR variants may influence the progression of high-risk psychosis before schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 163 individuals were enrolled, comprising 76 healthy controls, 31 GHR, and 56 CHR. MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T, A1298C, and G1793A) were detected. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was administered to assess cognitive ability. Additional recorded clinical features included sex, age, family history, cognitive scores, and the Structured Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes (SIPS) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher MTHFR polymorphism levels were observed in high-risk individuals at the C677T site (p=0.006) and in multi-site variant analysis (p=0.012) compared to controls. Stratified by sex, both males and females showed similar increases in MTHFR polymorphism. Cognitive ability scores decreased in the high-risk group with an increase in MTHFR variant allele amounts. In the CHR group, SIPS scores non-significantly increased with the number of variant alleles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased MTHFR polymorphism was associated with the risk progression of schizophrenia, being more pronounced in males than in females. Higher amounts of hypofunctional MTHFR variants tended to decrease the cognitive ability in both high-risk and healthy subjects, while higher risk levels are observed in CHR subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 4","pages":"442-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Go and the Brain: Cognitive and Neural Impacts of Training.","authors":"Ki Woong Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review synthesizes evidence on the cognitive and neural impacts of the strategic board game Go, emphasizing its role in enhancing cognitive functions and inducing neuroplastic changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed studies investigating the effects of Go on diverse populations, including novices, professional players, and older adults. Research included neuropsychological assessments, neuroimaging findings (fMRI, PET), and behavioral outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Go training enhances executive functions, memory, and visuospatial reasoning, as demonstrated by studies on novices and clinical populations. Professional Go players show domain-specific neural adaptations, including increased precuneus and cerebellar activation during decision-making tasks. In clinical settings, Go interventions improve mood, reduce anxiety, and increase neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Go training demonstrates significant potential as a cognitive intervention to promote brain health, emotional well-being, and resilience against cognitive decline. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate its long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 4","pages":"357-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Serum Melatonin Levels, Sleep Patterns, and Clinical Symptoms in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Çağlar Charles Daniel Jaicks, Perihan Çam Ray, Özlem Görüroğlu Öztürk, Gonca Gül Çelik, Ayşegül Yolga Tahiroğlu, Zeliha Haytoğlu, Yusuf Döğüş","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels, sleep habits, and clinical features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 71 children, aged 2-8 years, including 38 with ASD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were evaluated. Serum melatonin, vitamin D, ferritin, serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were analyzed. Sleep habits were assessed using the Pediatric Sleep Habits Questionnaire, while the Autism Behavior Checklist and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers were administered to the ASD group. Relationships between biochemical markers and questionnaire scores were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 44.4±20.4 months in the ASD group and 51.2±20.0 months in the control group (p=0.104). The ASD group exhibited higher \"bedwetting\" scores, while the control group had higher \"daytime sleepiness\" scores (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively). Serum melatonin levels were significantly elevated in the ASD group (823.2±237.9 U/L) compared to controls (677.4±254.7 U/L, p=0.027), with this difference significant in males (p=0.020) but not in females (p=0.608). No significant correlations were observed between melatonin levels and questionnaire scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated daytime melatonin levels and altered sleep patterns in children with ASD suggest potential melatonin receptor desensitization. Sex-specific variations underline the importance of personalized melatonin-based interventions. These findings provide insights into developing tailored therapeutic strategies for managing sleep and behavioral challenges in ASD. However, future studies are needed to explore these findings further with larger and more diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 4","pages":"397-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}