Psychiatry Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Combination of Two Primary Screening Instruments (K-SCQ and K-SRS-2) and Setting of New Cutoff Values to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children.","authors":"Yoojeong Lee, Guiyoung Bong, Da-Yea Song, Heejeong Yoo","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2025.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the diagnostic validity of primary screening instruments (Korean version of the Social Communication Questionnaire [K-SCQ] and Korean version of Social Responsiveness Scale second edition [K-SRS-2]) in Korean children aged 10-60 months and to examine patterns of validity across age. Additionally, we aimed to propose new cutoff values specific to age subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 1,326 children (autism spectrum disorder [ASD], n=822, M=41.79, SD=10.28; non-ASD, n=504, M=32.48, SD=10.88) divided by age (10-17, 18-29, 30-41, 42-53, and 54-60 months) who completed the instruments and underwent clinical best-estimate diagnostic evaluation. An optimal screening strategy was sought by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) based on instrument combinations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the optimal novel cutoff values for the instruments in each age subgroup.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The validity of individual instruments varied significantly across age subgroups. However, there was some improvement in validity when applying \"either K-SCQ or K-SRS-2,\" especially in children aged 30 months and older (sensitivity, 83.3%-94.9%; specificity, 58.1%-90.9%; PPV, 21.7%-98.5%; NPV, 65.3%-96.2%). Estimated cutoff for K-SCQ were 13.5, 9.5, 10.5, 7.5, and 9.5 for ages 10-17, 18-29, 30-41, 42-53, and 54-60 months respectively (sensitivity, 82.4%-92.2%; specificity, 74.8%-90.9%). Estimated cutoffs for K-SRS-2 were 58.5, 54.5, 55.5, 55.5, and 52.5 for ages 10-17, 18-29, 30-41, 42-53, and 54-60 months, respectively (sensitivity, 50.0%-94.1%; specificity, 80.3%-97.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children aged 30 to 60 months, the combination of either K-SCQ or K-SRS-2 allowed for accurate screening of ASD. To further improve accuracy, adjusted cutoff values can be applied based on age subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Impact and Differences in Child and Adolescent Victims of Sexual Violence in South Korea: Using Data From a Sunflower Center in South Korea From 2015 to 2022.","authors":"Minha Hong, Hyun-Soo Kim, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Jiali Emily Koh, Changwoo Han, Seunghoon Lee, Jin Sun Ryu, Ah Rah Lee, Sang Min Lee","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a serious social problem. The characteristics of child and adolescent victims differ based on their varying developmental processes. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis to assess the same.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from victims of sexual violence between 2015 and 2022, from a Sunflower Center, which is a government-sponsored center for victims of sexual violence. The participants were classified into two groups: children under age 12 and adolescents over age 13 years. To compare and analyze data, we collected demographic information, information related to victimization events, and scores on the Children's Depression Inventory, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale. A descriptive analysis, χ 2 test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 255 participants, 95 and 160 were children and adolescents, respectively. The percentage of forced molestation was significantly higher in children at 71.6% (n=68, p<0.001). Children included significantly more male participants (14.7%, n=14, p=0.007) than adolescents. Significant differences were observed between children and adolescents' depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress scores (p<0.001). Compared with children, adolescents demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 2.9 for high post-traumatic stress symptoms, 2.26 for high depressive symptoms, and 3.0 for high anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified differences in the characteristics of sexual violence victims, particularly children and adolescents, and found that adolescent victims were more vulnerable to the psychological repercussions of abuse than child victims.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"660-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the (GT)26 Allele in the GRIN2A Promoter and Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"Xiaohu Xie, Dingding Zhuang, Longhui Li, Tingting Wu, Wenwen Shen, Yue Liu, Wenjin Xu, Qingxiao Hong, Zemin Xu, Weisheng Chen, Jun Gu, Wenhua Zhou, Huifen Liu","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2025.0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in the development of opioid use disorder. The (GT)n polymorphism (rs3219790) in the NMDA receptor 2A subunit gene (GRIN2A) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for risk of opioid use disorder. In this case-control study, we investigated the association between rs3219790 and opioid use disorder in a Chinese Han population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 538 heroin dependent patients and 400 healthy controls were recruited. The genotypes of (GT)n repeats were determined using a polymerase chain reaction-amplifying fragment length polymorphism assay. The association of the (GT)n polymorphism with opioid use disorder and cravings was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of the (GT)26 allele in patients with opioid use disorder was significantly greater than that in the controls (p=0.029, odds ratio=1.264, 95% confidence interval=1.025-1.560), consistent with previous findings. Compared with homozygous carriers of short alleles, carriers of long alleles demonstrated significantly stronger drug cravings (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results confirm that the (GT)26 allele of rs3219790 in the GRIN2A promoter is associated with opioid use disorder. Additionally, a longer rs3219790 allele is correlated with stronger drug cravings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"730-735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Metabolic Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorders Using Dried Blood Spots at Birth.","authors":"Haixin Li, Yuqi Yang, Bin Yu, Yuping Zhang","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the metabolic impact of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at birth, while such insight may lead to increased understanding of the etiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) in a large sample of dried blood spots (DBS) derived at birth from 106 autistic patients and 401 controls, to identify a metabolic signature for ASD. We also examined trait-specific metabolomic patterns within ASDs, focusing on the age, sex, and the comorbidities including the language delay (LD) and global developmental delays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there were no significant differences in metabolism data between ASD patients and controls. The forest plot analysis revealed distinct associations between genetic metabolic substances and autism in male and female populations. Among males, the variable C0 demonstrated a statistically significant association (odds ratio [OR]=1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006-1.096, p=0.024). For females, a significant association was observed with C3 (OR=2.541, 95% CI: 1.089-6.140, p=0.032). Based on their chronological ages of the first diagnosis, autistic individuals were divided in two groups: younger (n=59) or older than 3 years (n=47). The metabolism of succinic acid is increased (p<0.05), as well as carnitines C5:1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most analytes included in the TMS screen had no significant differences between the autism group and the control group at birth; however, sex, the age of first diagnose for ASD, and comorbidities may be the important factors affecting metabolic characteristics, as well as the genetic metabolic changes arise after birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"678-686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecure Attachment, Temperament, and Character Traits Associated With Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children.","authors":"Hasan Can Özbay, Doğa Sevinçok, Muhammed Mutlu Özbek, Hatice Aksu","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2025.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Based on the view that cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are distinct clinical conditions, we aimed to investigate differences between CDS and ADHD symptoms in terms of insecure attachment, temperament, and character traits in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 80 children with ADHD (24 girls and 56 boys, aged 9-12 years) through Turgay's DSM-IV Based ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening Scale, Barkley Child Attention Scale, Kerns Security Scale, and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Exclusion criteria included the presence of other psychiatric disorders or neurological diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CDS was significantly correlated with age (r=0.280, p=0.012), ADHD-inattention (r=0.435, p<0.001), harm avoidance (HA) (r=0.302, p=0.006), and insecure attachment (r=-0.280, p=0.012). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that age (beta=1.459, p=0.031), ADHD-inattention (beta=0.528, p=0.001), and HA (beta=0.306, p=0.044) were significant predictors of CDS severity. ADHD-inattention was significantly associated with delayed speech onset (r=-0.252, p=0.024), CDS (r=0.435, p<0.001), and novelty seeking (r=0.250, p=0.025), whereas ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity had an inversely significant correlation with self-directedness (r=-0.233, p=0.038). Only CDS significantly predicted the severity of ADHD-inattention (beta=0.252, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings may suggest that examining CDS and ADHD in terms of attachment styles, temperament and character traits may improve our understanding of the distinctions between these two constructs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"632-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Infection Insomnia, Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep, and Depression in the COVID-19-Infected General Population.","authors":"Jaeeun Song, Seockhoon Chung","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the feasibility of the cognitive-behavioral model of COVID-19-related hypochondriasis among participants infected with the virus, with specific consideration of insomnia severity. Additionally, factors predicting post-infection insomnia were examined in participants without pre-existing sleep disturbances pre-COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online study was conducted involving the general population infected with COVID-19. Data were collected on COVID-19 and participants' psychiatric and sleep disorder histories. Self-rating scales utilized included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-6 items (SAVE-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 items (PHQ-2), and Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items (DBS-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 260 participants infected with COVID-19, mediation analysis revealed that SAVE-6 had a direct influence on OCS, while CRBS mediated this effect. Furthermore, a separate mediation model demonstrated that the impact of ISI on OCS was mediated by CRBS, PHQ-2, and SAVE-6. Logistic regression analysis conducted on 211 participants without prior sleep disturbances indicated that past psychiatric history, DBS-2, and PHQ-2 served as predictive factors for post-COVID sleep disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established a feasible hypochondriasis model, demonstrating the influence of insomnia on preoccupation with COVID-19, mediated by reassurance-seeking behavior, depression, and viral anxiety. Moreover, a history of psychiatric disorders, depression, and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep significantly contributed to the emergence of post-COVID sleep disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"641-649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional Landscape and Biomarker Discovery for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: An Ex Vivo Study Using Patients-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts.","authors":"Yeojin Kim, You Jin Nam, Sunwoo Yoon, Young Joon Cho, Ho Min Song, Seongmin Kim, Donghyuk Shin, Jin Young Noh, Sun Min Lee, So Young Moon, Eun-Joo Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Byeong C Kim, Seong Hye Choi, Sang Won Seo, Jin Wook Choi, Young-Sil An, Bumhee Park, Young Joon Park, Hee Young Kang, Hyun Goo Woo, Yong Hyuk Cho, Sunhwa Hong, Sang Joon Son, Sang-Rae Lee, Chang Hyung Hong, Hyun Woong Roh","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2025.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Numerous studies have identified various risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the experimental limitations of disease modeling make it challenging to directly interpret their effects. These limitations include constraints of postmortem samples, animal experiments, and challenges associated with brain tissue studies. Ex vivo experiments effectively address these issues by enabling patient-specific identification and highlighting potential biomarkers. This study aimed to characterize the transcriptional profile of fibroblasts derived from patients with AD in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and propose potential biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized an ex vivo platform to identify genes differentially responsive to ER stress. The transcriptional feature of fibroblasts in both healthy controls (n=22) and patients with AD (n=20) was analyzed using bulk RNA sequencing. The cytotoxicity of the selected target gene was evaluated through knockdown experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 210 DEGs, which were less responsive in AD, are involved in lipid-related terms and pathways. By narrowing down AD-related genes, we identified 49 highly reliable AD-associated genes. The most significant gene, DCTN2, exhibited a fold change that positively correlated with cognitive function and negatively correlated with blood-based biomarkers (pTau217, amyloid beta 42/40 ratio), aligning with the amyloid/Tau/neurodegeneration research criteria for AD. Additionally, the knockdown of DCTN2 in glial cell lines resulted in increased cell toxicity and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying differentially responsive genes in ex vivo experiments not only provides insights into the pathology of AD but also offers potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"699-713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Trends and Directions for Suicide Prevention Research in South Korea: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ah Rah Lee, Je Young Hannah Sun, Myungjae Baik, Peter Jongho Na, Sang Min Lee, Jong-Woo Paik","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper reviews the major trends in current suicide prevention research in Korea and explores future research directions to reduce suicide mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed and PsycINFO to identify relevant studies published until March 2024. A total of 1,981 English-language abstracts were reviewed, and studies relevant to suicide prevention were selected for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Successful suicide prevention efforts include restricting carbon monoxide exposure, limiting pesticide sales, and installing platform screen doors in subway stations. Gatekeeper training programs, such as \"Suicide CARE,\" have trained over 7 million people, showing promise in early suicide detection. Media reporting guidelines have also been associated with a reduction in suicide rates, particularly following celebrity suicides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that comprehensive, multifaceted suicide prevention strategies, including environmental changes, training programs, and media control, can effectively reduce suicide rates in South Korea. Future efforts should enhance these strategies, evaluate their long-term impact, and address the new challenges posed by social media.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"603-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Social Attribution Task and Its Relationship With Cognitive Functions.","authors":"Samet Çelik, Leyla Arslan, Caner Özarslan, Mehmet Mart","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Social Attribution Task-Multiple Choice (SAT-MC) battery is one of tests used to evaluate social cognitive capacity. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the SAT-MC for the first time in healthy adults and in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, then to investigate the effect on SAT-MC performance of clinical variables in schizophrenia patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 207 volunteers; 157 healthy adults, and 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. All the study participants were applied with the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test (RSPM), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and the SAT-MC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the analyses showed that the SAT-MC had content and criteria validity in both the individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and in the healthy control group. Internal consistency of test was calculated as McDonald's omega coefficient 0.81, and the test-retest reliability was found to be 0.75. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis showed a predictive effect of RSPM and RMET on the SAT points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study demonstrated that SAT was valid and reliable in evaluating social attribution skills in both a healthy and a schizophrenia sample group. Social attribution skill was found to be related to the perceptual reasoning and abstract thinking skills of neurocognition. The social cognition dimension was determined to be related to the theory of mind skills. Insufficient social attribution skills, seen especially in schizophrenia patients, can lead to social withdrawal and isolation by disrupting interactions and relationships with others.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"687-698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Global Perspective on Incidence and Regional Trends of Opioid Use Disorders From 1990 to 2021.","authors":"Tiantian Tuo, Yupeng Chen, Danyang Wang, Jinna Liu, Yujiao Wu, Jiawen Wang","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2025.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Opioid use disorders (OUDs) have become a significant global public health challenge. Despite extensive research on the opioid crisis, the trends in incidence and regional disparities remain inadequately understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, covering 204 countries and territories. OUDs incidence cases and rates per 100,000 population were analyzed over the study period. Trends were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, OUDs cases increased by 49.25% from 1,301,551 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1,077,634 to 1,598,053) in 1990 to 1,942,525 (95% UI: 1,643,342 to 2,328,363) in 2021. The incidence rate in 2021 was 24.62 per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -0.25 (95% confidence interval: -0.39 to -0.1). Males had slightly higher rates than females (25.39 vs. 23.84 per 100,000). Individuals aged 15-49 years carried the highest burden, while older age groups showed the largest increases in cases. High-income North America reported the highest incidence rate in 2021 (123.28 per 100,000) and the largest case increase (425.34%). Among countries, the United States had the highest incidence rate increase (EAPC: 5.55), while Switzerland experienced the largest decline (EAPC: -4.33). A moderate positive correlation was identified between 2021 incidence rates and socio-demographic development (ρ=0.382, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights substantial global variability in OUDs trends, with significant differences across regions, sexes, age groups, and countries. Findings emphasize the need for tailored prevention and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 6","pages":"668-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}