Psychiatry Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Logistic Regression and Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Depressive Symptoms: A National-Based Study.","authors":"Xing-Xuan Dong, Jian-Hua Liu, Tian-Yang Zhang, Chen-Wei Pan, Chun-Hua Zhao, Yi-Bo Wu, Dan-Dan Chen","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Machine learning (ML) has been reported to have better predictive capability than traditional statistical techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ML algorithms and logistic regression (LR) for predicting depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses were carried out in a national cross-sectional study involving 21,916 participants. The ML algorithms in this study included random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), and gradient boosting machine (GBM) methods. The performance indices were sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LR and NN had the best performance in terms of AUCs. The risk of overfitting was found to be negligible for most ML models except for RF, and GBM obtained the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and F1-score. Therefore, LR, NN, and GBM models ranked among the best models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with ML models, LR model performed comparably to ML models in predicting depressive symptoms and identifying potential risk factors while also exhibiting a lower risk of overfitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 3","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship Between Disease Severity and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Impulsivity, and Quality of Life in Untreated Patients Diagnosed With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Sinem Yolcu Uzunoğlu, Engin Emrem Beştepe, Batuhan Ayık","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Emotion regulation is an important skill to cultivate in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for helping with the positive prognosis of their disease. Patients with OCD exhibit higher rates of impulsivity compared to healthy volunteers. According to previous studies, there is significant impairment in the quality of life in OCD. Despite their importance, no study has yet been conducted on the interrelation of these clinical parameters in OCD patients. We investigated the relationship between disease severity, emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and quality of life in untreated OCD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 40 untreated outpatients with a diagnosis of OCD. We applied the following form and scales: Sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a positive relationship (p<0.001) between emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in OCD patients. A positive relationship (p=0.003) was identified between disease severity and emotional dysregulation, while an inverse relationship (p<0.001) was observed between disease severity and quality of life-psychological health. Increased impulsivity and emotional dysregulation were also associated with a deterioration in quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant positive relationship between emotional dysregulation and impulsivity in OCD patients. These clinical parameters may serve as important targets for treatment approaches in OCD patients and thus should be considered in the future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 3","pages":"320-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Mental Health and Its Stress-Process Mechanisms During a Pandemic Lockdown: A Moderated Parallel Mediation Model.","authors":"Man Jiang, Lei Chen, Nan Tuo, Dongjian Yang, Shimeng Liu, Zhen Huang","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hundreds of countries have implemented lockdown policies to slow the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but the impact of these measures on maternal mental health is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study integrated a stress-process model to examine the pathways from lockdown-related stressors to prenatal psychological outcomes, with COVID-19 coping strategies (COP) and self-efficacy in managing negative affect (NEG) as mediators and lockdown duration, hours on pandemic-related information, and number of pregnancies as moderators. Pregnant women in Shanghai completed the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, COVID-19 Coping Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test and modify the hypothetical model, and moderated mediation and slope analyses were undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the final SEM demonstrating satisfactory fit, three stressors-decreased household income, insufficient daily supplies, and acquired infections-showed positive direct relationships with NEG and COP. Acquired infections, NEG, and COP were identified as direct predictors of mental health outcomes. The relationship between these three stressors and mental health was mediated by NEG and COP. Additionally, the number of pregnancies moderated the mediating effect of COP; this effect was more pronounced among first-time pregnant women than those with multiple pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides insights into how lockdown measures impact psychological outcomes in pregnant women quarantined at home. Interventions aimed at increasing coping strategies may be more effective for primiparous women during future public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 3","pages":"221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Korean Version of the Meaning in Life Scale for Cancer Patients.","authors":"Namgu Kang, Hae-Yeon Yun, Young Ae Kim, Hye Yoon Park, Jong-Heun Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Eun-Seung Yu","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to understand the structure of meaning in life among patients with cancer through the validation of the Meaning in Life Scale among Korean patients (K-MiLS) with cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From August 2021 to November 2022, participants were recruited from multiple sites in South Korea. Participants completed related questionnaires, including the MiLS, on the web or mobile. Test-retest reliability was assessed between 2 and 4 weeks after the initial assessment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the MiLS. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the sociodemographic and disease-related variables correlated with the MiLS. Regarding concurrent validity, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results (n=345) indicated that the K-MiLS has a four-factor structure: Harmony and Peace; Life Perspective, Purpose, and Goals; Confusion and Lessened Meaning; and Benefits of Spirituality. Regarding convergent and discriminant validity, K-MiLS was negatively correlated with Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory while showing a significantly positive correlation with the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Self-Compassion Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, and Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the demographic variable influencing MiLS was religious affiliation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The K-MiLS had a multidimensional four-factor structure similar to that of the original version. It is also a reliable and valid measure for assessing cancer survivors' meaning in life after a cancer diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 3","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Exercise Components and Social Anxiety Levels Among Chinese College Students.","authors":"Qi Cheng, Wenbing Yu, Mingxiao Ju, Duo Yang, Jiannan Fu, Shilong Song","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0179","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants' daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1-2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 2","pages":"196-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Models to Identify Individuals With Imminent Suicide Risk Using a Wearable Device: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Jumyung Um, Jongsu Park, Dong Eun Lee, Jae Eun Ahn, Ji Hyun Baek","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0257","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to determine whether individuals at immediate risk of suicide could be identified using data from a commercially available wearable device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine participants experiencing acute depressive episodes and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls wore a commercially available wearable device (Galaxy Watch Active2) for two months. We collected data on activities, sleep, and physiological metrics like heart rate and heart rate variability using the wearable device. Participants rated their mood spontaneously twice daily on a Likert scale displayed on the device. Mood ratings by clinicians were performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8. The suicide risk was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale's suicide item score (HAMD-3). We developed two predictive models using machine learning: a single-level model that processed all data simultaneously to identify those at immediate suicide risk (HAMD-3 scores ≥1) and a multilevel model. We compared the predictions of imminent suicide risk from both models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the single-step and multi-step models effectively predicted imminent suicide risk. The multi-step model outperformed the single-step model in predicting imminent suicide risk with area under the curve scores of 0.89 compared to 0.88. In the multi-step model, the HAMD total score and heart rate variability were most significant, whereas in the single-step model, the HAMD total score and diagnosis were key predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wearable devices are a promising tool for identifying individuals at immediate risk of suicide. Future research with more refined temporal resolution is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 2","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Suicide Completion Rate in Korean Students Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemics.","authors":"Kyungjin Lee, Boram Nam, Kyoil Seo, Eunkyung Jo, Seohyun Kim, Deokyong Shin, Aeju Kim, Youngil Jeong, Yeni Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0242","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020-2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, \"absence due to medical reasons\" showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers' reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 2","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Impact of Social Distancing Policies During COVID-19 on the Risk and Rescue of Suicide Attempters Presenting to the Emergency Department: Applying the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale.","authors":"Seung Yeun Jang, Hyo Jeong Choi, Hyunsik Kim, Ho Jung Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0095","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate characteristics of suicide attempters who visited the emergency department to identify physical risk factors and rescue factors, and to assess the impact of social distancing during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on suicide attempters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized data from the medical records of suicide attempters who visited the Bucheon Regional Emergency Medical Center of Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital for 3 years from 2019 and the consultation records of the Life Love Crisis Response Team. This cross-sectional study analyzed changes in risk and rescue characteristics of suicide attempters before, during, and after the implementation of social distancing policies. The Risk-Rescue Rating Scale (RRRS) was used to assess the risk and rescue of suicide attempters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the implementation of social distancing, the RRRS for physical risk demonstrated a 1.67-fold increase in low-risk cases, which further escalated to a 2.39-fold increase post-implementation compared to the period prior to social distancing. Additionally, the RRRS indicated that behaviors became 1.44 times less rescued amid social distancing, with increased tendencies to conceal the act to evade detection and a reluctance to seek help (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that it is important to develop suicide prevention programs for low-risk suicide attempts and to identify the characteristics of suicide attempts that occur during large-scale social isolation, such as infectious diseases, in order to develop strategies for suicide prevention in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 2","pages":"175-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Repeated Continuous Performance Tests Among Healthy Young Men.","authors":"Chung-Chih Hsu, Tien-Yu Chen, Jia-Yi Li, Terry B J Kuo, Cheryl C H Yang","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0251","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 31 men aged 20-35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d', including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d' and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 2","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Criteria Changes for Schizophrenia on Diagnoses of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"WooRi Cho, Sung-Wan Kim, Seung-Hee Won, Bong-Ju Lee, Naohisa Tsujino, Youji Takubo, Taiju Yamaguchi, Takahiro Nemoto, Ling Li, Thi-Hung Le, Fatima Zahra Rami, Young-Chul Chung","doi":"10.30773/pi.2024.0078","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2024.0078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Impact of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) changes on the criteria for schizophrenia (SZ) has been reported to be minimal in previous studies. However, this could be different in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FE-SSDs). We investigated what proportion of patients with FE-SSDs was diagnosed based on the sole presence of bizarre delusions (BDs) or first rank auditory hallucinations (FRAHs). Their alternative diagnosis by the DSM-5 was established and diagnostic stability over 1-year was identified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective review study on the medical records, case report forms for the subjects with FE-SSDs (n=404) participated in the Korea Early Psychosis Study. The two Japanese sites reviewed retrospectively only medical records of the subjects with FE-SSDs (n=103). We used three different definitions of BDs (strict, narrow, and broad) and specified subtypes of Other Specified Schizophrenia spectrum and Other psychotic disorders (OSSOs). To ensure inter-rater reliability between the hospitals, regular zoom meetings were held.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty (7.89%) subjects out of 507 were found to be diagnosed as SSDs based on the sole presence of BDs or FRAHs. All these patients met the criteria of OSSOs and were classified as having pure delusion (n=22), delusion with attenuated auditory hallucinations (AHs) (n=5), pure AHs (n=3) and AHs with attenuated delusion (n=10). The patients with first and second subtypes (n=27) were found to have BDs. The BDs fulfilled mostly strict definitions or satisfied the next broadest definition. The diagnostic stability of FE-OSSOs and its subgroups (first and second subtypes) over 1-year was substantially high (70.27% and 84% respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that more rigorous diagnostic assessment should be performed especially to differentiate OSSOs from SZ in patients with FE-SSDs and more refined classification of the subtypes for OSSOs considered in the next DSM revision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"22 2","pages":"212-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}