Psychiatry Investigation最新文献

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Coping in the Association Between Neuroticism and Family Accommodation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Mustafa Karaağaç, Betül Bakay, Fadime Şimşek, Beyza Işık, Eda Ferahkaya, Şakir Gıca","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0259","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Family accommodation, in which relatives facilitate obsessive-compulsive symptoms, is highly prevalent in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and associated with poor treatment outcomes. Although neuroticism and maladaptive coping have been linked to OCD severity, the mechanisms by which personality traits relate to family accommodation remain poorly understood. This study examined associations between neuroticism, coping strategies, symptom severity, and family accommodation in OCD, and tested whether maladaptive coping mediates the neuroticism-family accommodation association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study with 149 adults diagnosed with OCD via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 at a university hospital outpatient clinic. Participants completed the Family Accommodation Scale-Patient Version, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Self-Report, Big Five Inventory-44, and Brief COPE. Hierarchical regression and bootstrap-based mediation analyses (PROCESS Model 4; 5,000 bootstrap samples) were performed, controlling for age, sex, education, and symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCD symptom severity (β=0.342, p<0.001) and maladaptive coping (β=0.347, p<0.001) were significantly associated with family accommodation, explaining 26.6% of its variance. Neuroticism was not directly associated with family accommodation; however, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect association through maladaptive coping (B=0.189, 95% confidence interval [0.034 to 0.399]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cross-sectional findings suggest that maladaptive coping may represent a potential behavioral pathway linking neuroticism to family accommodation in OCD. While the findings provide a theoretical rationale for further investigating coping mechanisms, longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to determine whether interventions targeting maladaptive coping lead to reductions in family accommodation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 10","pages":"1352-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Multimodal Neuroimaging Research on Depression: A Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"Bo Wang, Xingchen Qiu, Jian Lin, Yin Lian, Chunzhu Gong, Qianqian Yu","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0059","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a systematic bibliometric review of artificial intelligence (AI)-based multimodal neuroimaging research in depression, mapping its evolution, collaborative networks, and intellectual foundations to guide future translation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (search date: 1 September 2025) using terms for depression, neuroimaging modalities, and AI/machine learning (ML)/deep learning. English, peer-reviewed articles/reviews (2001-2025) were screened; 1,232 studies were retained after deduplication and filtering. Analyses included annual output trends, co-authorship networks (countries/institutions/authors), keyword co-occurrence clustering with burst detection, and co-citation/bibliographic coupling using VOSviewer (v1.6.20) and Bibliometrix (v4.5.1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Annual publications rose from <20/year to 202 in 2024; 2025 counts (n=173) reflect January-August only. The international network spans 42 countries/regions linked by 320 co-authorship ties (total link strength=1,228; density of approximately 0.37). USA, China, and the UK constitute the epistemic core, with expanding participation from India, Brazil, and Iran. Institutional and author overlays indicate a small-world, hierarchical organization (205 institutions; 10 collaboration communities; author network 168 researchers) characterized by a productive core and long tail. Six keyword clusters delineate a functional workflow: 1) biomarkers/phenotypes, 2) functional connectivity, 3) machine-learning/computational approaches, 4) multimodal/precision psychiatry, 5) diagnostic classification/algorithm development, and 6) structural imaging/comorbidity. Co-citation and coupling reveal a progression from early ML and connectivity foundations to deep/graph models, multimodal fusion, explainability, and treatment-oriented prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-based multimodal neuroimaging in depression has evolved into a coherent, translationally focused field. Current trends emphasize model validation, interpretability, and cross-site generalization, supported by expanding international collaboration. Future priorities include harmonized data sharing, explainable modeling, and theory-informed clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 10","pages":"1219-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Peripheral Inflammatory and Hematological Markers and Suicide Attempts: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.","authors":"Ezgi Selçuk Özmen, Aslı Enzel Koç","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0168","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare peripheral inflammatory markers between patients presenting after a suicide attempt and healthy controls, and to examine differences between first-time and multiple attempters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 90 patients presenting after a suicide attempt and 107 age- and sex-matched controls without psychiatric disorders between 2017 and 2024. Peripheral inflammatory indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (BLR), and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), were calculated from complete blood count parameters. C-reactive protein (CRP) data were available only for the patient group. Group comparisons used the independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and correlations were assessed with Spearman's rho. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, patients with suicide attempts had significantly higher white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts, as well as higher inflammatory indices (NLR, MLR, NAR; all p<0.01), and lower albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels (all p<0.01). BLR was significantly higher in individuals with multiple suicide attempts compared to first-time attempters (p=0.023) and showed a weak positive correlation with the number of attempts (r=0.246, p=0.019). CRP, NLR, MLR, and NAR were positively correlated with the number of psychiatric hospitalizations. No significant sex-based differences were observed in inflammatory indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peripheral inflammatory markers were altered in patients presenting after a suicide attempt. BLR showed a modest association with multiple suicide attempts. These findings are preliminary and should be confirmed in prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 10","pages":"1248-1255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Characteristics of Inpatient Psychiatric Wards in Korea: An Architectural Plan Analysis Based on a Nationwide Survey.","authors":"Junyoung Cho, Seung-Ji Lee, Jongeun Lee, Kyoung Duck Park, Suk-Ja Kim, In-Hwan Park, Won-Young Cho, Jieon Kang, Sang Min Lee, Jong-Woo Paik, Sung-Wan Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0220","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The physical environment of inpatient psychiatric wards is central to patient safety, dignity, and recovery, yet national-level empirical evidence based on actual layouts remains limited. This study examined the spatial characteristics of inpatient psychiatric wards in Korea using architectural floor plans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Architectural plans were collected from 172 institutions through local public health authorities in a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Of these, 111 institutions comprising 383 wards met the inclusion criteria. Indicators included ward size, beds per ward, floor area per bed, bed distribution by room occupancy, seclusion room size and environmental features, and corridor-based ward typology. Descriptive and stratified analyses were performed by hospital type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spatial conditions varied substantially across institution types. Psychiatric hospitals had a mean floor area of 13.08 m² per bed, less than half that of general hospitals (28.63 m² per bed). Beds located in multi-occupancy rooms designed for five or more patients accounted for 62.6% of measured inpatient bed capacity, whereas beds in single-bed rooms represented less than 1%. Seclusion room size varied widely (3.0-22.95 m²), with psychiatric hospitals providing smaller spaces than general hospitals. Double-loaded corridor layouts predominated (83.6%), potentially limiting daylight access and environmental variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inpatient psychiatric wards in Korea are characterized by high density, limited personal space, and inconsistent seclusion room standards. These patterns reflect system-level constraints rather than isolated design choices. Incremental reforms integrating spatial standards with financing and service delivery are needed to support rights-based, recovery-oriented care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1267-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grit as a Protective Predictor of Suicidality Among Patients With Breast Cancer.","authors":"C Hyung Keun Park, Ji Seon You, Harin Kim, Yangsik Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0070","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evidence continues to accumulate indicating that grit could be a protective factor against suicidality. This study examined, over 6 months, whether each aspect of grit-consistency of interests and perseverance of effort-could be a protective predictor of suicidality in breast cancer patients and identified risk predictors for suicidality among them in a psycho-oncology clinic in a general hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three linear multivariable regression models of suicidality, evaluated at the baseline, at the 3-month, and 6-month time points each, as an outcome, were fitted with the potential predictor at baseline-grit aspects-and all other significant explanatory variables from each univariable model. Each multivariable model was adjusted for age and time passed since index cancer diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 154 patients with complete baseline data, 88 and 63 completed the 3-month and 6-month evaluations, respectively. Consistency of interests decreased suicidality at the 6-month time point. The degree of depressive symptoms and the intensity of present pain increased suicidality at the baseline and 6-month time point and at the baseline and 3-month time point, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that consistency of interests can be a novel protective predictor of suicidality. In addition, the intensity of current pain and the severity of depressive symptoms were associated with suicidality in the short and long term, respectively. Our findings show that suicidality among patients with breast cancer are influenced by predictors on multiple levels, which appear to change over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1143-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: \"A Pilot Study on the Validity and Reliability of Korean School Readiness Inventory on Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder\".","authors":"Hye In Jeong, Shin-Gyeom Kim, HyunChul Youn, Jeewon Lee, Soyoung Irene Lee","doi":"10.30773/pi.2023.0137e","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2023.0137e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 9","pages":"1218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13597038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Trajectories of Screen Time and Their Predictors in School-Aged Children: A Six-Year Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Sunmi Cho, Saebom Jeon, Sang-Ha Lee, Ji-Hye Song, Yunmi Shin","doi":"10.30773/pi.2025.0364","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2025.0364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children's screen time has increased rapidly with the rise of digital technology and was further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, heightening concerns about developmental impacts. This study investigates six-year trajectories of children's screen time, identifies usage profiles, and examines key social and behavioral factors influencing these patterns during and after the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 313 children participating in a prospective South Korean cohort study (2018-2023). Caregivers reported weekday and weekend screen time on smartphones, tablets, and personal computers (PCs). Joint latent class profile analysis (JLCPA) identified trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression tested the influence of child sex, age, parental education, household income, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screen time increased across devices, particularly smartphones and PCs. JLCPA revealed four distinct trajectories: low-risk (27.2%), mid-risk (38.4%), risk-increasing (15.3%), and high-risk (19.1%). Membership in the high-risk trajectory increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant differences were observed across trajectories, with lower maternal education and male sex emerging as the most robust predictors of higher-risk membership. Children whose mothers had lower educational attainment were up to six times more likely to belong to the high-risk trajectory. Older age and higher caregiver-reported CBCL scores were also associated with increased odds of membership in higher-risk trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children's screen time behaviors are diverse and shaped by developmental, familial, and socioeconomic factors, with notable pandemic-related changes. Tailored interventions and continued research are essential to promote healthy digital habits and mitigate potential risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 9","pages":"1114-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Language as an Objective Indicator of Depressive Affective States: A Two-Week Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in Emotional Labor Workers.","authors":"Hye Hyeon Kim, Seok Jun Kim, Dae-Kwang Kim, Eun-Kyoung Jeon, Yoonjoo Choi, Jae-Min Kim, Sung-Wan Kim, Suehyun Lee, Min Jhon, Ju-Wan Kim","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0035","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Workers performing emotional labor are at increased risk for depression, yet conventional self-report assessments often lack objectivity and temporal sensitivity. This study aimed to examine whether longitudinal analysis of daily natural language collected through ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can serve as an indicator of depressive affective states and to compare its temporal sensitivity with traditional self-report measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 400 call center employees completed three voice-recorded free-text entries per day for two weeks using an EMA application. Transcriptions were analyzed using a lexicon-based sentiment approach (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count [LIWC]) and three large language models (LLMs; GPT-4o-mini, Qwen, and Mistral) under zero-shot prompting. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and neuroticism was measured using both self-reported questionnaires and language-inferred scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LLM-derived sentiment scores significantly differentiated groups across levels of depressive symptom burden and consistently outperformed LIWC. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated clear group-level separation, particularly in morning entries, whereas self-reported mood ratings failed to distinguish groups and showed lower adherence over the two-week period. Language-inferred neuroticism exhibited stronger associations with depressive symptoms than self-reported neuroticism. A cumulative model based on morning sentiment scores showed progressively improved discrimination over time, reaching its highest performance on Day 10 (area under the curve=0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Daily natural language captures meaningful longitudinal affective dynamics associated with depressive symptoms and may complement conventional self-report assessments as a low-burden and scalable indicator of depressive affective states in real-world occupational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 9","pages":"1096-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimorbidity Clusters and Depressive Symptom Networks in Old Age: Evidence From China.","authors":"Xin Guan, Li-Gang Wang, Zhen-Jing Liu, Yan-Kai Zhang, Xin-Mei Hao, Xin-Yue Wang, Lei Zhang, Ping Sun","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0076","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify patterns of chronic disease multimorbidity in older Chinese adults, examine variables associated with the link between multimorbidity and depression, and characterize depressive symptom network features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed cross-sectional data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study including 2,117 adults aged ≥60 years. Fourteen physician-diagnosed chronic conditions were subjected to exploratory factor analysis to identify latent multimorbidity clusters. Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of depression. For each cluster, Mixed Graphical Models estimated partial correlations among depressive symptoms assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and selected correlates, with centrality and bridge indices computed to characterize network structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tetrachoric factor analysis identified two stable clusters-a metabolic-vascular cluster (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, stroke) and a visceral-neurodegenerative cluster (liver disease, kidney disease, arthritis, memory-related disorders). Ten variables were significantly associated with depression (area under the curve=0.734, 95% confidence interval 0.708-0.793), with cognitive impairment showing the strongest association. Network analyses indicated that effort-related and motivational symptoms were central across clusters, whereas cognitive impairment consistently exhibited the highest bridge strength linking multimorbidity-related factors and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multimorbidity in older adults forms clinically meaningful clusters associated with distinct depressive symptom network characteristics. Cognitive impairment emerged as the most prominent bridge-related correlate. Findings are associative and hypothesisgenerating. Longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":"23 9","pages":"1208-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Korean Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children.","authors":"Juhye Kweon, Jin Young Park, Jungwon Choi, Yul-Mai Song, Eunmi Roh, Kyungun Jhung","doi":"10.30773/pi.2026.0018","DOIUrl":"10.30773/pi.2026.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Depression in children and adolescents is a global concern associated with adverse psychological and developmental outcomes. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) measures depressive symptoms in this population; however, evidence regarding its applicability in Korea remains limited. This study validated the Korean version of the CES-DC and examined its factor structure and associations with other psychological measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 370 children and adolescents participated; 358 with complete CES-DC data were included, and 301 submitted the CES-DC retest after 2-4 weeks. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlations. Concurrent validity was assessed using parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL 6-18) and self-reported Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated model fit; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) explored variations in factor structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Korean CES-DC demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.89) and good test-retest reliability (r=0.70), with subscale-level test-retest correlations (0.55-0.66). Significant correlations with the RCMAS and YSR, and weaker correlations with the CBCL, supported concurrent validity. CFA supported the fit of the original four-factor model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Korean CES-DC is a reliable and valid measure for assessing depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Further validation in broader age and clinical samples would strengthen generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":21164,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"1154-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}