Progress in Retinal and Eye Research最新文献

{"title":"Punctate inner choroidopathy: A review of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches","authors":"Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos ,&nbsp;Najiha Rahman ,&nbsp;Farid Afshar ,&nbsp;Nigel Hall ,&nbsp;Andrew John Lotery","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is an uncommon idiopathic inflammatory condition characterized by multifocal chorioretinopathy that primarily affects young adults, with a predilection for myopic females. Clinically, it manifests as small, yellowish-white lesions in the inner </span>choroid<span><span><span><span><span> and outer retina, often associated with inflammatory changes. Accurate diagnosis remains a challenge due to its resemblance to other posterior uveitic entities, necessitating an astute clinical eye and advanced imaging techniques for differentiation. </span>Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role by offering valuable insights, as it enables the visualization of various abnormalities related to </span>uveitis. The pathogenesis of PIC is still a subject of debate, with a complex interplay of genetic, immunological, and </span>environmental factors<span><span> proposed. Managing PIC presents multiple challenges for clinicians. Firstly, variable disease severity within and among patients requires diverse treatments, from observation to aggressive </span>immunosuppression and/or anti-VEGF therapy. Secondly, treatment must distinguish between primary causes of </span></span>vision loss. New or worsening PIC lesions suggest active inflammation, while new neovascular membranes may indicate secondary neovascular processes. Thirdly, deciding on maintenance therapy is complex, balancing PIC prognosis variability against immunosuppression risks. Some patients have long periods of inactivity and remission, while others face sudden, vision-threatening episodes during quiescent phases. Through a </span></span>systematic review of the literature, this paper sheds light on the current understanding of PIC, its challenges, and the prospects for future research. By synthesizing existing knowledge, it aims to aid clinicians in accurate diagnosis and guide treatment decisions for improved visual outcomes in individuals affected by PIC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101235"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139090969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Squishy matters – Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease","authors":"Sara M. Thomasy ,&nbsp;Brian C. Leonard ,&nbsp;Mark A. Greiner ,&nbsp;Jessica M. Skeie ,&nbsp;Vijay Krishna Raghunathan","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis<span> and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their </span></span>extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of </span>mechanotransduction<span><span><span><span> signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal </span>mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and </span>endothelial cells<span>. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, </span></span>keratoconus<span><span> and Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding </span>corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101234"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UVR and RPE – The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula","authors":"Graham Anderson ,&nbsp;Shyamanga Borooah ,&nbsp;Roly Megaw ,&nbsp;Pierre Bagnaninchi ,&nbsp;Richard Weller ,&nbsp;Andrew McLeod FRSB ,&nbsp;Baljean Dhillon","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing.</p><p>In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101233"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138839947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IOP and glaucoma damage: The essential role of optic nerve head and retinal mechanosensors","authors":"Ian Pitha ,&nbsp;Liya Du ,&nbsp;Thao D. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Harry Quigley","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>There are many unanswered questions on the relation of intraocular pressure to glaucoma development and progression. IOP itself cannot be distilled to a single, unifying value, because IOP level varies over time, differs depending on ocular location, and can be affected by method of measurement. Ultimately, IOP level creates mechanical strain that affects axonal function at the optic nerve head which causes local </span>extracellular matrix<span> remodeling and retinal ganglion<span> cell death<span> – hallmarks of glaucoma and the cause of glaucomatous vision loss<span>. Extracellular tissue strain at the ONH and lamina cribrosa is regionally variable and differs in magnitude and location between healthy and glaucomatous eyes. The ultimate targets of IOP-induced tissue strain in glaucoma are retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic nerve head and the cells that support axonal function (astrocytes, the neurovascular unit, microglia, and fibroblasts). These cells sense tissue strain through a series of signals that originate at the cell membrane and alter cytoskeletal organization, migration, differentiation, </span></span></span></span></span>gene transcription, and proliferation. The proteins that translate mechanical stimuli into molecular signals act as band-pass filters – sensing some stimuli while ignoring others – and cellular responses to stimuli can differ based on cell type and differentiation state. Therefore, to fully understand the IOP signals that are relevant to glaucoma, it is necessary to understand the ultimate cellular targets of IOP-induced mechanical stimuli and their ability to sense, ignore, and translate these signals into cellular actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101232"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138740224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease","authors":"Sarah X. Zhang ,&nbsp;Josh J. Wang ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Starr ,&nbsp;Eun-Jin Lee ,&nbsp;Sophia Park ,&nbsp;Assylbek Zhylkibayev ,&nbsp;Andy Medina ,&nbsp;Jonathan H. Lin ,&nbsp;Marina Gorbatyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The endoplasmic reticulum<span><span> (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, </span>carbohydrate metabolism<span>, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the </span></span></span>unfolded protein response<span><span><span><span> (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER </span>homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to </span>cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and </span>oxidative stress<span><span><span>; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and </span>retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited </span>retinal degeneration<span><span>, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and </span>diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101231"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal sepsis as a cause of retinopathy of prematurity: An etiological explanation","authors":"Olaf Dammann ,&nbsp;Brian K. Stansfield","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Retinopathy of prematurity<span> (ROP) is a complex neonatal disorder with multiple contributing factors. In this paper we have mounted the evidence in support of the proposal that </span></span>neonatal sepsis<span> meets all requirements for being a cause of ROP (not a condition, mechanism, or even innocent bystander) by means of initiating the early stages of the pathomechanism of ROP occurrence, systemic inflammation. We use the model of etiological explanation, which distinguishes between two overlapping processes in ROP causation. It can be shown that sepsis can initiate the early stages of the pathomechanism via systemic inflammation (causation process) and that systemic inflammation can contribute to growth factor aberrations and the retinal characteristics of ROP (disease process). The combined contribution of these factors with immaturity at birth (as intrinsic risk modifier) and prenatal inflammation (as extrinsic facilitator) seems to provide a cogent functional framework of ROP occurrence. Finally, we apply the Bradford Hill heuristics to the available evidence. Taken together, the above suggests that neonatal sepsis is a causal inducer of ROP.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101230"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138085630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography in the management of diabetic macular oedema","authors":"Simon KH. Szeto ,&nbsp;Timothy YY. Lai ,&nbsp;Stela Vujosevic ,&nbsp;Jennifer K. Sun ,&nbsp;SriniVas R. Sadda ,&nbsp;Gavin Tan ,&nbsp;Sobha Sivaprasad ,&nbsp;Tien Y. Wong ,&nbsp;Carol Y. Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Diabetic macular oedema<span> (DMO) is the major cause of visual impairment<span> in people with diabetes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now the most widely used modality to assess presence and severity of DMO. DMO is currently broadly classified based on the involvement to the central 1 mm of the macula into non-centre or centre involved DMO (CI-DMO) and DMO can occur with or without </span></span></span>visual acuity<span> (VA) loss. This classification forms the basis of management strategies of DMO. Despite years of research on quantitative and qualitative DMO related features assessed by OCT, these do not fully inform physicians of the prognosis and severity of DMO relative to visual function. Having said that, recent research on novel OCT biomarkers development and re-defined classification of DMO show better correlation with visual function and treatment response.</span></p><p>This review summarises the current evidence of the association of OCT biomarkers in DMO management and its potential clinical importance in predicting VA and anatomical treatment response. The review also discusses some future directions in this field, such as the use of artificial intelligence to quantify and monitor OCT biomarkers and retinal fluid and identify phenotypes of DMO, and the need for standardisation and classification of OCT biomarkers to use in future clinical trials and clinical practice settings as prognostic markers and secondary treatment outcome measures in the management of DMO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71511957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of angle closure disease in the age of artificial intelligence: A review","authors":"Zhi Da Soh ,&nbsp;Mingrui Tan ,&nbsp;Monisha Esther Nongpiur ,&nbsp;Benjamin Yixing Xu ,&nbsp;David Friedman ,&nbsp;Xiulan Zhang ,&nbsp;Christopher Leung ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Victor Koh ,&nbsp;Tin Aung ,&nbsp;Ching-Yu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Primary angle closure glaucoma is a visually debilitating disease that is under-detected worldwide. Many of the challenges in managing primary angle closure disease (PACD) are related to the lack of convenient and precise tools for clinic-based disease assessment and monitoring. Artificial intelligence (AI)- assisted tools to detect and assess PACD have proliferated in recent years with encouraging results. Machine learning (ML) algorithms that utilize clinical data have been developed to categorize angle </span>closure eyes by disease mechanism. Other ML algorithms that utilize image data have demonstrated good performance in detecting angle closure. Nonetheless, deep learning (DL) algorithms trained directly on image data generally outperformed traditional ML algorithms in detecting PACD, were able to accurately differentiate between angle status (open, narrow, closed), and automated the measurement of quantitative parameters. However, more work is required to expand the capabilities of these AI algorithms and for deployment into real-world practice settings. This includes the need for real-world evaluation, establishing the use case for different algorithms, and evaluating the feasibility of deployment while considering other clinical, economic, social, and policy-related factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101227"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71485529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endpoints for clinical trials in ophthalmology","authors":"Leopold Schmetterer ,&nbsp;Hendrik Scholl ,&nbsp;Gerhard Garhöfer ,&nbsp;Lucas Janeschitz-Kriegl ,&nbsp;Federico Corvi ,&nbsp;SriniVas R. Sadda ,&nbsp;Felipe A. Medeiros","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the identification of novel targets, the number of interventional clinical trials in ophthalmology has increased. Visual acuity has for a long time been considered the gold standard endpoint for clinical trials, but in the recent years it became evident that other endpoints are required for many indications including geographic atrophy and inherited retinal disease. In glaucoma the currently available drugs were approved based on their IOP lowering capacity. Some recent findings do, however, indicate that at the same level of IOP reduction, not all drugs have the same effect on visual field progression. For neuroprotection trials in glaucoma, novel surrogate endpoints are required, which may either include functional or structural parameters or a combination of both. A number of potential surrogate endpoints for ophthalmology clinical trials have been identified, but their validation is complicated and requires solid scientific evidence. In this article we summarize candidates for clinical endpoints in ophthalmology with a focus on retinal disease and glaucoma. Functional and structural biomarkers, as well as quality of life measures are discussed, and their potential to serve as endpoints in pivotal trials is critically evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946222001203/pdfft?md5=8e7f3f55817357e608bc5c11daea7ccc&pid=1-s2.0-S1350946222001203-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10472562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From randomised controlled trials to real-world data: Clinical evidence to guide management of diabetic macular oedema","authors":"Pierre-Henry Gabrielle ,&nbsp;Hemal Mehta ,&nbsp;Daniel Barthelmes ,&nbsp;Vincent Daien ,&nbsp;Vuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Mark C. Gillies ,&nbsp;Catherine P. Creuzot-Garcher","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are generally considered the gold-standard for providing scientific evidence for treatments' effectiveness and safety but their findings may not always be generalisable to the broader population treated in routine clinical practice. RCTs include highly selected patient populations that fit specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although they may have a lower level of certainty than RCTs on the evidence hierarchy, real-world data (RWD), such as observational studies, registries and databases, provide real-world evidence (RWE) that can complement RCTs. For example, RWE may help satisfy requirements for a new indication of an already approved drug and help us better understand long-term treatment effectiveness, safety and patterns of use in clinical practice. Many countries have set up registries, observational studies and databases containing information on patients with retinal diseases, such as diabetic macular oedema (DMO). These DMO RWD have produced significant clinical evidence in the past decade that has changed the management of DMO. RWD and medico-administrative databases are a useful resource to identify low frequency safety signals. They often have long-term follow-up with a large number of patients and minimal exclusion criteria. We will discuss improvements in healthcare information exchange technologies, such as blockchain technology and FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), which will connect and extend databases already available. These registries can be linked with existing or emerging retinal imaging modalities using artificial intelligence to aid diagnosis, treatment decisions and provide prognostic information. The results of RCTs and RWE are combined to provide evidence-based guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":17.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946223000587/pdfft?md5=917c14928a76d6684eaa6820451c6d59&pid=1-s2.0-S1350946223000587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66784259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}