Progress in Retinal and Eye Research最新文献

{"title":"Shining light on CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics for inherited retinal diseases","authors":"A.B. Geiger ,&nbsp;J.G. Kennedy ,&nbsp;L.G. Staker ,&nbsp;T.G. Wensel ,&nbsp;R.J. Casson ,&nbsp;P.Q. Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), such as retinitis pigmentosa, are a heterogenous group of genetic eye diseases characterized by degeneration of photoreceptors. They are the leading cause of blindness in the working age population in high-income countries and are an ideal target for the expanding gene editing tool kit, including rapidly evolving CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies currently being explored as therapeutic interventions for IRDs. Given the challenges posed by the growing complexity and size of gene editing systems, the delivery of these therapeutics to the retina has necessitated innovative approaches. We review current delivery methods, including nanoparticles, virus-like particles and traditional viral vectors, highlighting their advantages and limitations. This review underscores the potential transformative impact of gene editing on genetic disease management, emphasising that advancements in these technologies, coupled with improved pre-clinical models, bring clinically safe and effective treatments for IRDs within view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101376"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling CYP4V2: Clinical features, genetic insights, pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy","authors":"Ruixuan Jia ,&nbsp;Shaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Wang Li ,&nbsp;Jinlu Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoyuan Qu ,&nbsp;Jing Qiao ,&nbsp;Xiang Meng ,&nbsp;Shicheng Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Liu ,&nbsp;Boling Xu ,&nbsp;Tianjin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiuping Shen ,&nbsp;Wenmin Sun ,&nbsp;Hongliang Dou ,&nbsp;Vinit B. Mahajan ,&nbsp;Qiongjiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Liping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) comprise a spectrum of disease phenotypes with genetic heterogeneity and clinical phenotypic diversity. Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy (BCD) represents a distinct IRD subtype characterized by crystalline deposits in the retina. Although rare in Western populations, BCD ranks among the most prevalent IRDs in East Asia, affecting an estimated 124,000 to 377,000 individuals worldwide. As a severe type of IRD, BCD demonstrates accelerated progression and currently lacks effective treatment. The BCD disease is caused by a biallelic mutation in the <em>CYP4V2</em> gene. With a coding sequence (CDS) of 1,578 bp, <em>CYP4V2</em> can be effectively encapsulated into adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. As a hydroxylase, CYP4V2 is mainly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which can be transduced by AAVs and are suitable for gene augmentation therapy that replaces the function of mutant proteins. Given the large patient population, severe visual impairment, and feasibility of gene therapy, several research groups are interested in developing gene therapy products for BCD, and two products entering Phase III clinical trials have made significant progress. This review outlines the clinical features, genetic insights and pathogenic mechanisms of BCD and discusses the ongoing gene therapy clinical trials, including efficacy and concerns. This knowledge will help us bridge the gap between molecular studies and clinical treatments, facilitating translation from bench to bedside. We believe that advancements in BCD gene therapy will inform the treatment of other IRDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101377"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: Progress, challenges, and ethical implications","authors":"Maria Cristina Savastano ,&nbsp;Clara Rizzo ,&nbsp;Claudia Fossataro ,&nbsp;Daniela Bacherini ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Giansanti ,&nbsp;Alfonso Savastano ,&nbsp;Giovanni Arcuri ,&nbsp;Stanislao Rizzo ,&nbsp;Francesco Faraldi","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology holds great promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing workflows, and enhancing patient care. However, regulatory, ethical, and technical challenges must be addressed to ensure its safe and effective implementation. Bias in AI can lead to disparities in healthcare delivery, while the “black-box problem” raises concerns about transparency and trust. Ethical principles must guide AI integration, particularly regarding patient safety, accountability, and liability. Privacy risks related to data collection and security are especially critical in ophthalmology, where large imaging datasets are essential. Additionally, AI-generated inaccuracies, or “hallucinations,” pose potential risks to clinical decision-making. Cybersecurity threats targeting AI-powered healthcare systems further emphasize the need for robust protections. Despite these challenges, AI has the potential to improve access to ophthalmic care, particularly in underserved regions, as seen in AI-assisted diabetic retinopathy screening. However, financial and infrastructural barriers remain significant obstacles to widespread adoption. Addressing these issues requires collaboration among stakeholders, including regulators, healthcare providers, AI developers, and policymakers, to establish clear guidelines and promote trustworthy AI systems. This review explores key regulatory and ethical concerns and highlights strategies to ensure the responsible integration of AI into ophthalmology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101374"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pericytes in the optic nerve head","authors":"Susannah Waxman ,&nbsp;Deborah Villafranca-Baughman ,&nbsp;Julie Phillippi ,&nbsp;Tatjana C. Jakobs ,&nbsp;Luis Alarcon-Martinez ,&nbsp;Adriana Di Polo ,&nbsp;Ian A. Sigal","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pericytes are a unique population of contractile mural cells and are an essential part of the microvasculature. In the retina and brain, pericytes play crucial roles in regulating blood flow, maintaining the blood-brain barrier, signaling with neighboring cells, and depositing extracellular matrix. Pericyte dysfunction is an early process in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. However, remarkably little is known about pericytes at an early site of neurodegeneration in glaucoma, the optic nerve head (ONH). This work summarizes the current understanding of pericyte contributions to ONH physiology, identifies potential roles in glaucomatous pathophysiology, and uncovers open questions at the intersection of these areas. We surveyed the literature to identify the roles of ONH pericytes in the context of health and glaucoma. Additionally, we probed for the presence of pericytes along microvasculature in mouse, nonhuman primate, and human donor ONH tissues. We identified an association between factors influencing ONH dysfunction in glaucoma and factors influencing pericyte dysfunction in other neurodegenerative conditions. Pericytes exist in the mouse, nonhuman primate, and human ONH, implicating their capacity for local function. ONH pericytes represent a promising but underexplored target for treating microvascular impairment in glaucoma. Investigating the contribution of pericytes in both healthy and disease states can help inform mechanisms of dysfunction in glaucomatous pathology, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101375"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic architecture of congenital cataracts: correlation of pathogenic variants with morphology and clinical outcomes","authors":"Dongwei Guo ,&nbsp;Yi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuxi Zheng ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Guangming Jin ,&nbsp;Xueshan Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Jia ,&nbsp;Wenmin Sun ,&nbsp;Danying Zheng ,&nbsp;James Fielding Hejtmancik ,&nbsp;Qingjiong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Congenital cataract (CC) refers to lens opacity presented at birth, posing considerable challenges to early childhood visual development and lifelong visual impairment. Although a substantial proportion of CC cases arise from genetic defects, significant gaps remain in the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations and the characteristics of potentially pathogenic variants associated with this condition. In the current study, the genetic architecture of CC was investigated by a comparative literature review of 39 known CC-associated genes from Cat-map and HGMD, within an in-house cohort of 150 CC families, complemented by comparing with in-house exome sequencing data from 10,530 families with various eye conditions as well as data from the gnomAD database. Comparative analysis revealed: 1) The in-house genetic diagnostic yield was 63.3% (95/150); 2) Variants in specific genes were correlated with distinct phenotypes, especially for variants in <em>BFSP2</em>, <em>MIP</em>, <em>GJA3</em>, <em>PITX3</em> and <em>CRYGD</em>; 3) <em>GJA3</em> variants were often associated with high myopia, and <em>CRYGC</em> variants were often linked to microcornea or microphthalmia; 4) A predominance of <em>CRYAA, LIM2</em> and <em>MIP</em> variants involve arginine to cysteine changes, and <em>CRYGD</em> variants involve proline to threonine changes; 5) The interpretation of variant pathogenicity is a great challenge. Uncertain variants in CC are present in up to 56.0% of the general population. In conclusion, identified monogenic variants contribute to approximately two-thirds of CC, which has been underestimated as one-third before. These findings broaden the current understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships in CC and underscore the importance of precise genetic classification for effective diagnosis and management. Further exploration of these genetic factors may provide new insights into prevention and treatment strategies for CC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101373"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pachychoroid disease spectrum: how multimodal imaging and OCT angiography have improved our knowledge","authors":"Pasquale Viggiano ,&nbsp;Giacomo Boscia ,&nbsp;Elham Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Gemmy Cheung ,&nbsp;Enrico Borrelli ,&nbsp;Giovanni Alessio ,&nbsp;Jay Chhablani ,&nbsp;Francesco Boscia","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pachychoroid spectrum disorders (PSDs) represent a group of chorioretinal disorders characterized by abnormal choroidal thickening and various pathological changes in the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and retina. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current multimodal imaging techniques in the diagnosis and management of PSDs. We examine the role of various imaging modalities including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), en face OCT, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), infrared imaging (IR), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in evaluating PSDs. Each imaging modality provides unique insights: OCT reveals characteristic choroidal thickening and structural changes; OCTA demonstrates alterations in choroidal flow and neovascularization; en face OCT allows detailed visualization of choroidal vasculature and intervortex anastomoses; FA shows patterns of leakage; ICGA reveals choroidal hyperpermeability and pachyvessels; IR imaging assists in RPE evaluation; and FAF highlights RPE dysfunction. The integration of these imaging techniques has enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of PSDs and improved our ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat these conditions. This review particularly emphasizes how OCTA has advanced our knowledge of choroidal circulation and neovascularization in PSDs. We also discuss future directions in imaging technology and their potential impact on personalized therapeutic approaches, including optimized photodynamic therapy based on imaging biomarkers. The synergistic use of multimodal imaging represents a cornerstone in the management of PSDs, enabling more precise diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101372"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Glands of Moll: history, current knowledge and their role in ocular surface homeostasis and disease\" [Progr. Retin. Eye Res. 106 (2025) 101362].","authors":"Michael Stopfer, Ingrid Zahn, Katharina Jüngert, Gerhard Aumüller, Frans L Moll, Martin Schicht, Helen P Makarenkova, Cintia S de Paiva, Friedrich P Paulsen","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101364","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"101364"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The march to harmonized imaging standards for retinal imaging","authors":"Nayoon Gim ,&nbsp;Alina N. Ferguson ,&nbsp;Marian Blazes ,&nbsp;Cecilia S. Lee ,&nbsp;Aaron Y. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of standardized imaging protocols in retinal imaging is critical to overcoming challenges posed by fragmented data formats across devices and manufacturers. The lack of standardization hinders clinical interoperability, collaborative research, and the development of artificial intelligence (AI) models that depend on large, high-quality datasets. The Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard offers a robust solution for ensuring interoperability in medical imaging. Although DICOM is widely utilized in radiology and cardiology, its adoption in ophthalmology remains limited. Retinal imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, and OCT angiography (OCTA) have revolutionized retinal disease management but are constrained by proprietary and non-standardized formats.</div><div>This review underscores the necessity for harmonized imaging standards in ophthalmology, detailing DICOM standards for retinal imaging including ophthalmic photography (OP), OCT, and OCTA, and their requisite metadata information. Additionally, the potential of DICOM standardization for advancing AI applications in ophthalmology is explored. A notable example is the Artificial Intelligence Ready and Equitable Atlas for Diabetes Insights (AI-READI) dataset, the first publicly available standards-compliant DICOM retinal imaging dataset. This dataset encompasses diverse retinal imaging modalities, including color fundus photography, infrared, autofluorescence, OCT, and OCTA. By leveraging multimodal retinal imaging, AI-READI provides a transformative resource for studying diabetes and its complications, setting a blueprint for future datasets aimed at harmonizing imaging formats and enabling AI-driven breakthroughs in ophthalmology. Our manuscript also addresses challenges in retinal imaging for diabetic patients, retinal imaging-based AI applications for studying diabetes, and potential advancements in retinal imaging standardization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101363"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and therapeutic opportunities in visual cycle modulation","authors":"Jordan Zaluski ,&nbsp;Marco Bassetto ,&nbsp;Philip D. Kiser ,&nbsp;Gregory P. Tochtrop","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The visual cycle is a metabolic pathway that enables continuous vision by regenerating the 11<em>-cis-</em>retinal chromophore for photoreceptors opsins. Although integral to normal visual function, the flux of retinoids through this cycle can contribute to a range of retinal pathologies, including Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. In such conditions, intermediates and byproducts of the visual cycle, such as bisretinoid components of lipofuscin, can accumulate, concomitant with cellular damage and eventual photoreceptor loss. This has inspired efforts to modulate the visual cycle, aiming to slow or prevent the formation of these toxic intermediates and thus preserve retinal structure and function. Over the past two decades, multiple strategies to modulate the visual cycle have emerged. These include both intrinsic approaches, targeting key enzymes, retinoid-binding proteins, or receptors within the pigment epithelium or photoreceptors (<em>e.g.,</em> RPE65, CRBP1, and rhodopsin inhibitors/antagonists) and extrinsic strategies that indirectly alter retinoid availability within the retina (<em>e.g.,</em> RBP4 antagonists). Many of these agents have shown promise in animal models of visual cycle-associated retinal diseases, reducing pathological changes, and improving retinal survival. Several have advanced into clinical studies, although none are currently FDA-approved. Challenges remain in optimizing drug specificity and duration of action while minimizing side effects such as nyctalopia. In this review, we comprehensively examine current and emerging visual cycle modulators, discuss their medicinal chemistry, mechanisms of action, efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, and highlight future opportunities for drug discovery aimed at safely and effectively preserving vision through modulation of this biochemical pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101360"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glands of Moll: history, current knowledge and their role in ocular surface homeostasis and disease","authors":"Michael Stopfer ,&nbsp;Ingrid Zahn ,&nbsp;Katharina Jüngert ,&nbsp;Gerhard Aumüller ,&nbsp;Frans L. Moll ,&nbsp;Martin Schicht ,&nbsp;Helen P. Makarenkova ,&nbsp;Cintia S. de Paiva ,&nbsp;Friedrich P. Paulsen","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last 20 years, research into the Meibomian glands of the eyelids has increased exponentially and is now widely recognized as a field of research. It is all the more astonishing that knowledge about another type of gland in the eyelids, the Moll glands or ciliary glands, has almost stagnated and there has been little to almost no progress, even though this type of gland as a whole takes up a relatively large volume in the upper and lower eyelids. There is not much information about the namesake Moll or the function of the glands although these are listed in nearly every textbook of anatomy, histology and ophthalmology. For this reason, we set out to compile the existing knowledge about the Moll glands of the eyelids in order to create a basis for follow-up studies and to stimulate research into this type of gland. In our literature research, we went back to the middle of the 19th century and made contact with a descendant of the Moll family and illustrate their relevance for the present. The structure of the secretory part of the Moll glands is very well described, a number of secretory products are known, but the current state of research allows only very rough speculations about their function. The overview provides numerous interesting insights, which, however, raise more questions than they provide answers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101362"},"PeriodicalIF":18.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}