Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Community Involvement in Reducing the Burden of Schistosomiasis and Other Neglected Tropical Diseases in Malawi: Where are We in the Fight Against Neglected Tropical Diseases?","authors":"Adriano Focus Lubanga, Akim Nelson Bwanali, Leonard Eston Munthali, Mzati Mphepo, Gertrude Diana Chumbi, Melina Kangoma, Yankho Matola, Byenala Kaonga, Chitemwa Sithando Moyo","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S448425","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S448425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis has been endemic in Malawi since 1947. Despite the longevity of endemicity of the disease, it still maintains a high burden in Malawi. This could be attributed to insufficient coverage of preventive and therapeutic mass drug administration (MDA) which mainly targets school-aged children, leaving out adults who also bear a high burden of the disease. Additionally, despite well documented impact of community involvement in boosting up the effectiveness of health programmes, there is minimal community involvement in schistosomiasis control and prevention programmes. Therefore, this perspective seeks to discuss the historical background of schistosomiasis in Malawi, gaps in community engagement and participation and suggest ways of enhancing the role of the community in prevention and control programmes. Amongst other challenges, the control programmes are centralised, leading to minimal input at the district and community level as well as low awareness of schistosomiasis control and prevention methods at the community level. It is of utmost significance therefore to provide comprehensive schistosomiasis health education to the communities and devise a thorough outline of the specific roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders including community members in the fight against schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden and Risk Factors of <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Infection Among Government Employees Who Clinically Complain of Indigestion but Allergic Diseases in Southeastern Ethiopia: A Multi-Institution Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Taye Kebede, Hagos Ashenafi","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S447203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S447203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is believed to have spread from East Africa, but its burden is still unknown in less privileged regions of Ethiopia. Indigestion is an upset stomach, upper abdomen discomfort, heartburn, and bloating. This study evaluated the burden and risk factors for <i>H. pylori</i> infection among government employees who clinically complained of indigestion but allergic diseases in five public health institutions in Southeastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A health facilities-based cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Southeastern Ethiopia from March to November 2022, employing cluster sampling. Blood specimens, clinical data, and semi-structured questionnaires about risk factors were collected. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression in STATA software, Windows version 16.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of infection was found to be 77.6%. The sampled health institution (<i>ρ</i>-value < 0.05), engagement in sideline business (<i>ρ</i>-value < 0.05), sharing local spoon on meal [AOR = 39.30; CI:19.52 -78.31; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.001], admitting \"Gursha\" during meal [AOR = 71.48; CI:3.99 -1279.77; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.05], the toilet type [AOR = 1410.98; CI:121.16 -16,431.19; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.001], alcohol drinking [AOR = 15.15; CI:1.90 -120.62; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.05], sleeping hours length [AOR = 15.01; CI:13.48-55.96; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.001], chewing Khat [AOR = 76.73; CI:8.57-687.07; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.001], and regular hand washing before eating [AOR = 0.15; CI:0.12-0.19; <i>ρ</i>-value < 0.05] were the independent predictors of <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence rate of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in Southeastern Ethiopia is agonizingly high, exceeding the world average by 27.6%, the first report, and seems to be one of the neglected infectious diseases. Hence, the Oromia Region Health Bureau should reinvigorate the basic infectious disease control methods, establish routine laboratory diagnostic platforms, and intervene in selected societal practices spreading infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"25-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10885702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of Suspicion of Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome in a Leprosy Patient: Case Report with Fatal Outcome.","authors":"Ruth Ansah, Ebenezer Ameyaw Arkoh, Benedict Okoe Quao, Mirjam Groger","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S434947","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S434947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dapsone is an antibiotic used in the management of leprosy. Following the worldwide adoption of the dapsone-containing multidrug therapy for treating leprosy, an upsurge in the reported frequency of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) has been observed. DHS is associated with a high fatality rate among patients from low-resourced settings and patients with syndrome-associated hepatitis.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This is a case of a Ghanaian male who, while being treated for leprosy with the multidrug therapy, developed exfoliative dermatitis and signs of liver damage, 6 weeks after treatment initiation. He was managed for dapsone-related exfoliative dermatitis and infectious causes of liver damage were investigated. However, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated with a fatal outcome despite discontinuation of dapsone. DHS was only considered as a differential diagnosis postmortem.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion for DHS in all patients on dapsone and the need for a thorough workup for all leprosy patients who present with exfoliative dermatitis and signs of liver involvement within the latency period of the syndrome, especially in low resource settings. Furthermore, it stresses the need for prompt and appropriate treatment as DHS can quickly become fatal in such settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in Resource-Limited Settings: Gaps and Recommendations.","authors":"Sarah Sturrock, Samantha Sadoo, Carol Nanyunja, Kirsty Le Doare","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S410785","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S410785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal sepsis causes significant global morbidity and mortality, with the highest burden in resource-limited settings where 99% of neonatal deaths occur. There are multiple challenges to achieving successful treatment of neonates in this setting. Firstly, reliable and low-cost strategies for risk identification are urgently needed to facilitate treatment as early as possible. Improved laboratory capacity to allow identification of causative organisms would support antimicrobial stewardship. Antibiotic treatment is still hampered by availability, but also increasingly by antimicrobial resistance - making surveillance of organisms and judicious antibiotic use a priority. Finally, supportive care is key in the management of the neonate with sepsis and has been underrecognized as a priority in resource-limited settings. This includes fluid balance and nutritional support in the acute phase, and follow-up care in order to mitigate complications and optimise long-term outcomes. There is much more work to be done in identifying the holistic needs of neonates and their families to provide effective family-integrated interventions and complete the package of neonatal sepsis management in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138808470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Clinical Vignettes to Understand the Complexity of Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Enora Le Bec, Madibele Kam, Sigiriya Aebischer Perone, Philippa Boulle, Justin Cikomola, Maria Eugenia Gandur, Mario Gehri, Sylvia Kehlenbrink, David Beran","doi":"10.2147/rrtm.s397127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rrtm.s397127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Lack of awareness, access to insulin and diabetes care can result in high levels of morbidity and mortality for children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improvements in access to insulin and diabetes management have improved outcomes in some settings. However, many people still present in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in parallel to misdiagnosis of children with T1DM in contexts with high rates of communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to highlight the complexity of diagnosing pediatric T1DM in a healthcare environment dominated by infectious diseases and lack of adequate health system resources. This was done by developing clinical vignettes and recreating the hypothetico-deductive process of a clinician confronted with DKA in the absence of identification of pathognomonic elements of diabetes and with limited diagnostic tools. A non-systematic literature search for T1DM and DKA in SSA was conducted and used to construct clinical vignettes for children presenting in DKA. A broad differential diagnosis of the main conditions present in SSA was made, then used to construct a clinician’s medical reasoning, and anticipate the results of different actions on the diagnostic process. An examination of the use of the digital based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness diagnostic algorithm was done, and an analysis of the software’s efficiency in adequately diagnosing DKA was assessed. The main obstacles to diagnosis were low specificity of non-pathognomonic DKA symptoms and lack of tools to measure blood or urine glucose. Avenues for improvement include awareness of T1DM symptomatology in communities and health systems, and greater availability of diagnostic tests. Through this work clinical vignettes are shown to be a useful tool in analyzing the obstacles to underdiagnosis of diabetes, a technique that could be used for other pathologies in limited settings, for clinical teaching, research, and advocacy. Keywords: type 1 diabetes, underdiagnosis, sub-Saharan Africa, clinical vignette","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monetary Value of Disability-Adjusted Life Years and Potential Productivity Losses Associated With Neglected Tropical Diseases in the East African Community.","authors":"Joses Muthuri Kirigia,&nbsp;Patrick Kinyua Kubai","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S382288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S382288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2019, the East African Community (EAC) lost 12,048,918 disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) across all ages from neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The specific objectives of the study reported in the paper were to estimate for EAC the monetary value of DALYs sustained by all ages from NTDs, and the potential productivity losses within the working age bracket of 15 years and above.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EAC total monetary value of DALYs lost from all 20 NTDs is the sum of each partner state's monetary value of DALYs lost from all 20 NTDs. The ith partner state's monetary value of DALY from jth disease equals ith state's GDP per capita net of current health expenditure multiplied by DALYs lost from jth disease in 2019. The EAC total productivity losses attributable to DALYs lost from all 20 NTDs is the sum of lost productivity across the seven partner states. The ith partner state's productivity loss associated with jth disease equals ith state's GDP per capita net of current health expenditure multiplied by DALYs lost from jth disease and the ith state's labour force participation rate adjusted for underutilization (unemployment and time-related underemployment) in 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total 12,048,918 DALYs lost in EAC from NTDs had a of International Dollars (Int$) 21,824,211,076 and an average of Int$ 1811 per DALY. The 2,614,464 DALYs lost from NTD among 15-year-olds and above caused an estimated of Int$ 2,588,601,097 (0.392% of the EAC gross domestic product in 2019), and an average of Int$ 990.1 per DALY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study succeeded in estimating the monetary value of DALYs sustained by all ages from 20 NTDs, and the potential productivity losses within the working age bracket of 15 years and above in the seven EAC partner states. The DALYs lost from NTD among 15-year-olds and above caused a sizeable loss in the economic productivity of EAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/3d/rrtm-14-35.PMC10317842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Funding Challenges Faced by Small NGOs: Perspectives from an Organization with Practical Experience of Working in Rural Malawi.","authors":"Faiz Kermani,&nbsp;Sbita Tia Anna Reandi","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S424075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S424075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malawi is a small landlocked country in Southern Africa, which faces a number of development challenges. It is one of the world's poorest nations and over 70% of the population live below the International Poverty Line of $2.15 per day. Health inequalities are a well-documented problem and those most affected are women and children. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in supplementing government efforts to provide health services to vulnerable people in areas that are difficult to reach. The World Medical Fund (WMF) is a small medical charity that operates in the central, rural, Nkhotakota region of Malawi where many children lack access to even basic health services. To date, WMF has successfully provided free care and treatment for over 400,000 sick children, but its initiatives, such as mobile clinics, rely entirely on external donations. Since 2000, the funding resources available to small NGOs have declined and efforts to attract funding have become increasingly competitive. Frequently, the criteria used for funding decisions are too rigid, and do not reflect the difficult operating conditions on the ground in rural Africa. As one of the world's most highly resource constrained healthcare environments, Malawi illustrates the need for more flexible funding criteria from donors so that NGOs can carry out their work to save children's lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/0b/rrtm-14-99.PMC10479561.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10183300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Central Nervous System Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Rangel de Sousa Costa,&nbsp;Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz,&nbsp;Simone Rachid de Souza,&nbsp;Nina Ventura,&nbsp;Diogo Goulart Corrêa","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S391633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S391633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a infection caused by the thermodimorphic fungus <i>Paracoccidioides</i> spp. (P. <i>lutzii</i> and, mainly, <i>P. brasiliensis</i>). This infection predominantly affects rural male workers aged between 30 and 50 years old who deal with soil on daily activities. Clinically, the disease is classified as acute/subacute phase, which evolves rapidly, secondary to dissemination of the fungus through to the phagocytic-mononuclear system, leading to fever, weight loss, and anorexia, associated with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, which can be complicated with suppuration and fistulization; and chronic phase, which corresponds to 74% to 95% of symptomatic cases, with a common pulmonary involvement. Central nervous system involvement is almost always a characteristic of the chronic form. Inhalation is the most common route of primary infection, usually affecting the lungs, forming the primary complex. From the primary complex, hematogenic dissemination can occur to any organ, including the brain and spinal cord. Although PCM of the central nervous system diagnosis is usually based on histopathological analysis and the imaging features are not specific for PCM, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can demonstrate evidences of granuloma, abscess, meningitis, or a combination of these lesions, contributing to a preoperative diagnosis, especially when considered in conjunction with epidemiology. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and imaging aspects of neuro-PCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/d1/rrtm-14-87.PMC10406117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-Art in the Drug Discovery Pathway for Chagas Disease: A Framework for Drug Development and Target Validation.","authors":"Juan Carlos Gabaldón-Figueira,&nbsp;Nieves Martinez-Peinado,&nbsp;Elisa Escabia,&nbsp;Albert Ros-Lucas,&nbsp;Eric Chatelain,&nbsp;Ivan Scandale,&nbsp;Joaquim Gascon,&nbsp;María-Jesús Pinazo,&nbsp;Julio Alonso-Padilla","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S415273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S415273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease is the most important protozoan infection in the Americas, and constitutes a significant public health concern throughout the world. Development of new medications against its etiologic agent, <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, has been traditionally slow and difficult, lagging in comparison with diseases caused by other kinetoplastid parasites. Among the factors that explain this are the incompletely understood mechanisms of pathogenesis of <i>T. cruzi</i> infection and its complex set of interactions with the host in the chronic stage of the disease. These demand the performance of a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays as part of any drug development effort. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the parasite's life cycle and their implications in the search for new chemotherapeutics. For this, we present a framework to guide drug discovery efforts against Chagas disease, considering state-of-the-art preclinical models and recently developed tools for the identification and validation of molecular targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/5e/rrtm-14-1.PMC10277022.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9722561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Renal Function Profile in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) Patients: A Case of Western Tigray, Ethiopia.","authors":"Kibrom Gerezgiher Asfaw,&nbsp;Solomon Tebeje Gizaw,&nbsp;Natesan Gnanasekaran","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S410137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S410137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that has a wide clinical spectrum in the tropics and subtropics. Kidney damage is frequently associated with increased morbidity and mortality in <i>visceral leishmaniasis</i> (<i>VL</i>) patients. However, up to date, there is a very limited report on the effect of visceral leishmaniasis on kidney function profiling in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the renal function profile in human <i>visceral leishmaniasis</i> (kala-azar) patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Human blood was taken from <i>VL</i> patients (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 100) attending Kahsay Abera and Mearg Hospitals, Western Tigray of Ethiopia. Serum was separated according to the conventional protocol and kidney function profiling (creatinine, urea, and uric acid) was analyzed by Mindray 200E automated chemistry analyzer. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also assessed in this study. The obtained data were processed using SPSS Version 23.0. Descriptive statistics, independent-test, and bivariate correlations were used for data analysis. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean serum creatinine level was found significantly higher, while respective serum urea and eGFR were significantly lower in <i>VL</i> patients compared to healthy controls. Specifically, from 100 <i>VL</i> cases, an increased level of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid was found in 10%, 9% and 15% <i>VL</i> cases, respectively; meanwhile, a decreased serum urea and eGFR have been reported from 33% to 44% <i>VL</i> cases, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finding of this study asserted that <i>visceral leishmaniasis</i> causes derangement in kidney activities characterized by alteration of renal function profile. This may indicate that <i>VL</i> is the determinant factor for developing kidney dysfunction. This study encourages researchers to engage in <i>visceral leishmaniasis</i> and its effect on other organ function profiles in humans and identify potential markers for both prevention and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/23/rrtm-14-21.PMC10315324.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10178183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}