Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Rift Valley fever: current challenges and future prospects.","authors":"Yousif E Himeidan","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S63520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S63520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic, mosquito-borne viral disease that affects human health and causes significant losses in the livestock industry. Recent outbreaks have led to severe human infections with high mortality rates. There are many challenges to applying effective preventive and control measures, including weak infrastructure of health facilities, lack of capacity and support systems for field logistics and communication, access to global expert organizations, and insufficient information on the epidemiological and reservoir status of the RVF virus. The health systems in East African countries are underdeveloped, with gaps in adaptability to new, more accurate and rapid techniques, and well-trained staff that affect their capacity to monitor and evaluate the disease. Surveillance and response systems are inadequate in providing accurate information in a timely manner for decision making to deal with the scope of interrupting the disease transmission by applying mass animal vaccination, and other preventive measures at the early stage of an outbreak. The historical vaccines are unsuitable for use in newborn and gestating livestock, and the recent ones require a booster and annual revaccination. Future live-attenuated RVF vaccines should possess lower safety concerns regardless of the physiologic state of the animal, and provide rapid and long-term immunity after a single dose of vaccination. In the absence of an effective vaccination program, prevention and control measures must be immediately undertaken after an alert is generated. These measures include enforcing and adapting standard protocols for animal trade and movement, extensive vector control, safe disposal of infected animals, and modification of human-animal contact behavior. Directing control efforts on farmers and workers who deal with, handle, or live close to livestock, and focusing on areas with populations at high risk of an epidemic are desirable. Consideration of prevention methods as a first-line strategy against RVF is practical owing to the absence of a human vaccine, particularly under the current high environmental risks and expanding global travel and animal trade. Universal platforms are needed to support coordinated efforts; alert and response operations; exchange of expertise; and disease detection, diagnosis, control, and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"7 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S63520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36348687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global surveillance system to monitor the development of drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae","authors":"M. Matsuoka","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S54757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S54757","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 75–83 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S54757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and disease burden of Buruli ulcer: a review","authors":"K. Röltgen, G. Pluschke","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S62026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S62026","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 59–73 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S62026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-line health care provider performance in the management of common skin diseases using an algorithmic approach as a diagnostic tool in Kano State, Nigeria.","authors":"Anna Theodora Taal,&nbsp;Erik B Post,&nbsp;Tijjani Hussaini,&nbsp;Augustin Gayus Barminus,&nbsp;Tahir Dahiru","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S87600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S87600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin diseases are common worldwide, though prevalence rates in rural areas are difficult to estimate, and are primarily based on hospital studies rather than community-based studies. Primary health care providers in rural areas often lack sufficient knowledge about skin diseases, which contributes to poor skin management and subsequently causes considerable morbidity. This study looked at the performance of first-line health care providers in the management of common skin disease, using an algorithmic approach with a flowchart with diagnostic steps. As a reference standard, two dermatologists independently validated the diagnoses and treatment choices made by the providers. The performance of the algorithm was calculated in terms of the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value for each skin disease of the algorithm. A total of 19 patent medicine vendors and 12 traditional healers from Kano State in Nigeria diagnosed 4,147 patients with suspected skin symptoms. The most common skin disease was tinea capitis (59.2%), and it was found predominantly among boys below 15 years of age. Together, patent medicine vendors and traditional healers had 82% of the cases correctly diagnosed, and in 82% they prescribed the correct treatment. The sensitivities varied for each skin disease from 94.8% for tinea capitis to 7.1% for contact dermatitis. The specificities varied between 87.0% and 98.6%. Except for tinea capitis, lower PPVs were found for the various skin diseases when compared to earlier studies. In spite of the observed low sensitivities and low PPVs for several diseases, the algorithm seems to offer an improvement in management of common skin diseases at the peripheral level. With adaptations in training, further refinement of the algorithm and refresher training, predictive values and sensitivities can be increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S87600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38155864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on the impact of stigma in leprosy: strategies to improve access to health care","authors":"P. Rao","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S55903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S55903","url":null,"abstract":": Throughout its history, leprosy has been much feared and misunderstood. Today, we have the best knowledge, expertise, therapies","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S55903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives on leprosy as a public health challenge in India","authors":"A. Pandey","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S54783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S54783","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 43–48 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S54783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in abuja, nigeria","authors":"A. Emeribe, I. Nasir, J. Onyia, Alinwachukwu Loveth Ifunanya","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S82984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S82984","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 37–42 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S82984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycetoma: epidemiology, treatment challenges, and progress","authors":"H. Mohamed, A. Fahal, W. Sande","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S53115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S53115","url":null,"abstract":"Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissue with a high morbidity. This disease is most commonly seen in countries between 30°N and 15°S of the equa- tor, but cases have also been seen in Europe and the USA. Due to the lack of proper prevalence data, currently the true burden of this disease is not known. Mycetoma can be caused by a large variety of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi. Treatment of the disease depends on the etiology of the causative agent. Actinomycetoma is usually treated with antibiotics only and has a decent cure rate; eumycetoma is treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgery. Unfortunately, for eumycetoma, recurrent infections are common and amputations are still needed in a large proportion of the patients.","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S53115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives on the spread of plague in Africa","authors":"W. Lotfy","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S63522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S63522","url":null,"abstract":": Plague is a zoonotic disease which has been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout the recorded human history. This review was carried out with the aim of evaluating the current situation of human plague in Africa. The disease was reported from at least 28 countries in the continent, among them eight countries are currently with active human foci. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar are the countries with the highest endemicity in the world. A unique gathering of factors involved in the disease re-emergence in other parts of the world is present in Madagascar. The risk factors affecting persistence and spread of plague in the country were briefly reviewed. Based on the data presented, it was concluded that all African countries should be concerned by the possible emergence/re-emergence of the disease. It is crucial to implement some preventive measures in these countries. These measures include surveillance of suspected natural foci, rodent and insect eradication campaigns,","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S63522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya virus outbreak expansion and microevolutionary events affecting epidemiology and epidemic potential","authors":"A. Powers","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S53698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S53698","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 11–19 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S53698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}