Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in abuja, nigeria","authors":"A. Emeribe, I. Nasir, J. Onyia, Alinwachukwu Loveth Ifunanya","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S82984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S82984","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 37–42 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S82984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycetoma: epidemiology, treatment challenges, and progress","authors":"H. Mohamed, A. Fahal, W. Sande","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S53115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S53115","url":null,"abstract":"Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissue with a high morbidity. This disease is most commonly seen in countries between 30°N and 15°S of the equa- tor, but cases have also been seen in Europe and the USA. Due to the lack of proper prevalence data, currently the true burden of this disease is not known. Mycetoma can be caused by a large variety of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi. Treatment of the disease depends on the etiology of the causative agent. Actinomycetoma is usually treated with antibiotics only and has a decent cure rate; eumycetoma is treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgery. Unfortunately, for eumycetoma, recurrent infections are common and amputations are still needed in a large proportion of the patients.","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S53115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives on the spread of plague in Africa","authors":"W. Lotfy","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S63522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S63522","url":null,"abstract":": Plague is a zoonotic disease which has been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout the recorded human history. This review was carried out with the aim of evaluating the current situation of human plague in Africa. The disease was reported from at least 28 countries in the continent, among them eight countries are currently with active human foci. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar are the countries with the highest endemicity in the world. A unique gathering of factors involved in the disease re-emergence in other parts of the world is present in Madagascar. The risk factors affecting persistence and spread of plague in the country were briefly reviewed. Based on the data presented, it was concluded that all African countries should be concerned by the possible emergence/re-emergence of the disease. It is crucial to implement some preventive measures in these countries. These measures include surveillance of suspected natural foci, rodent and insect eradication campaigns,","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S63522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68480258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya virus outbreak expansion and microevolutionary events affecting epidemiology and epidemic potential","authors":"A. Powers","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S53698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S53698","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 11–19 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Dovepress","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S53698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between eosinophil cationic protein and infection intensity in a schistosomiasis endemic community in Ghana","authors":"E. Asuming-Brempong, B. Gyan, A. Amoah, William van der Puije, L. Bimi, D. Boakye, I. Ayi","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S51713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S51713","url":null,"abstract":"(unported, v3.0) License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine 2015:6 1–10 Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S51713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68479768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for management of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and future directions.","authors":"Dinesh Mondal,&nbsp;Shinjiro Hamano,&nbsp;Golam Hasnain,&nbsp;Abhay R Satoskar","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S35707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S35707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin complication resulting from infection with <i>Leishmania donovani</i> (LD) parasite. It mostly affects individuals who have previously suffered from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by LD. In some cases, PKDL develops among people infected with LD, but do not show any symptoms of VL. Clinical presentation includes hypopigmented macules/papules/nodules or polymorphic lesions (combination of two or more lesions). Except for skin lesions, PKDL patients are generally healthy and usually do not seek medical care. These patients play an important role in interepidemic transmission of the infection and subsequent VL outbreak. Therefore, proper diagnosis and treatment of PKDL patients is important for the control of VL in endemic countries, especially in the Indian subcontinent where VL is anthroponotic. Here, we report the challenges in the estimation of PKDL burden, its diagnosis, and treatment, and suggest possible solutions based on recent literature, reports, published manuals, and web-based information.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2014-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S35707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38155863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological manifestations of dengue viral infection.","authors":"Francisco Javier Carod-Artal","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S55372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S55372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral infection worldwide. There is increased evidence for dengue virus neurotropism, and neurological manifestations could make part of the clinical picture of dengue virus infection in at least 0.5%-7.4% of symptomatic cases. Neurological complications have been classified into dengue virus encephalopathy, dengue virus encephalitis, immune-mediated syndromes (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuritis brachialis, acute cerebellitis, and others), neuromuscular complications (hypokalemic paralysis, transient benign muscle dysfunction and myositis), and dengue-associated stroke. Common neuro-ophthalmic complications are maculopathy and retinal vasculopathy. Pathogenic mechanisms include systemic complications and metabolic disturbances resulting in encephalopathy, direct effect of the virus provoking encephalitis, and postinfectious immune mechanisms causing immune-mediated syndromes. Dengue viruses should be considered as a cause of neurological disorders in endemic regions. Standardized case definitions for specific neurological complications are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S55372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38155862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy in the treatment, control, and elimination of human onchocerciasis.","authors":"Tarig B Higazi,&nbsp;Timothy G Geary,&nbsp;Charles D Mackenzie","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S36642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S36642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onchocerciasis treatment is one of the most positive stories in tropical medicine although major challenges remain to reaching the ultimate goal of disease elimination. Such challenges are to be expected when the therapeutic goal is to kill and safely remove a large multistage, efficient, metazoan infectious agent such as <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i> that has an exceptionally complicated relationship with its host. Successful control of onchocerciasis has often been hampered by host reactions following chemotherapy, that can sometimes cause significant tissue pathology. Presence of other filariae, particularly <i>Loa loa</i>, in endemic onchocerciasis-treatment areas also poses severe problems due to adverse reactions caused by drug-induced death of the coincident microfilariae of this usually clinically benign species. Although ivermectin has been very successful, there is a need to enhance the progress toward elimination of onchocerciasis; new drugs and their efficient use are keys to this. The permanent absence of <i>Onchocerca</i> microfilaridermia, defined as the lack of resurgence of skin microfilarial loads after treatment, is the ultimate characteristic of a useful new chemotherapeutic agent. Several drugs are under investigation to achieve this, including the reassessment of currently available and previously tested agents, such as the antibiotic, doxycycline, which targets the adult parasites through its anti-<i>Wolbachia</i> endosymbiont activity. Flubendazole, a benzimidazole derivative approved for treatment of human gastrointestinal nematodes, is also being considered for repurposing as a macrofilaricide to aid in the achievement of eradication. The managerial challenges existing at the population level also need to be addressed; these include drug-distribution fatigue, the need to include noncompliant people, civil unrest in endemic areas, political cross-border issues, restrictions of age and pregnancy, and complications due to integration with other treatment programs. It is likely that a panel of chemotherapeutic options, new and old, supported by strong and effective distribution systems will be the best way to address challenges of treatment and elimination of this infection. Future research should also address management of treatment and control, and consider how new treatment paradigms can be incorporated to meet time lines set for global elimination by 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"77-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2014-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S36642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38155861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis: a current perspective.","authors":"Marianette T Inobaya, Remigio M Olveda, Thao Np Chau, David U Olveda, Allen Gp Ross","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S44274","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S44274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that ranks second only to malaria in terms of human suffering in the tropics and subtropics. Five species are known to infect man and there are currently over 240 million people infected worldwide. The cornerstone of control to date has been mass drug administration with 40 mg/kg of praziquantel but there are problems with this approach. Human and bovine vaccines are in various stages of development. Integrated control, targeting the life cycle, is the only approach that will lead to sustainability and future elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"2014 5","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2014-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/1a/RRTM-5-65.PMC4231879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32816917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human strongyloidiasis: identifying knowledge gaps, with emphasis on environmental control.","authors":"Michael J Taylor,&nbsp;Tara A Garrard,&nbsp;Francis J O'Donahoo,&nbsp;Kirstin E Ross","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S63138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S63138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Strongyloides</i> is a human parasitic nematode that is poorly understood outside a clinical context. This article identifies gaps within the literature, with particular emphasis on gaps that are hindering environmental control of <i>Strongyloides</i>. The prevalence and distribution of <i>Strongyloides</i> is unclear. An estimate of 100-370 million people infected worldwide has been proposed; however, inaccuracy of diagnosis, unreliability of prevalence mapping, and the fact that strongyloidiasis remains a neglected disease suggest that the higher figure of more than 300 million cases is likely to be a more accurate estimate. The complexity of <i>Strongyloides</i> life cycle means that laboratory cultures cannot be maintained outside of a host. This currently limits the range of laboratory-based research, which is vital to controlling <i>Strongyloides</i> through environmental alteration or treatment. Successful clinical treatment with antihelminthic drugs has meant that controlling <i>Strongyloides</i> through environmental control, rather than clinical intervention, has been largely overlooked. These control measures may encompass alteration of the soil environment through physical means, such as desiccation or removal of nutrients, or through chemical or biological agents. Repeated antihelminthic treatment of individuals with recurrent strongyloidiasis has not been observed to result in the selection of resistant strains; however, this has not been explicitly demonstrated, and relying on such assumptions in the long-term may prove to be shortsighted. It is ultimately naive to assume that continued administration of antihelminthics will be without any negative long-term effects. In Australia, strongyloidiasis primarily affects Indigenous communities, including communities from arid central Australia. This suggests that the range of <i>Strongyloides</i> extends beyond the reported tropical/subtropical boundary. Localized conditions that might result in this extended boundary include accumulation of moisture within housing because of malfunctioning health hardware inside and outside the house and the presence of dog fecal matter inside or outside housing areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"5 ","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S63138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38155860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}