Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"From Neglected to Public Health Burden: Factors Associated with Podoconiosis in Resource Limited Setting in Case of Southwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"Gebiso Roba Debele,&nbsp;Eyasu Shifera,&nbsp;Yohannes Lulu Dessie,&nbsp;Debela Dereje Jaleta,&nbsp;Megersso Urgessa Borena,&nbsp;Shuma Gosha Kanfe,&nbsp;Kabtamu Nigussie,&nbsp;Galana Mamo Ayana,&nbsp;Temam Beshir Raru","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S412624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S412624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Even though podoconiosis can cause physical, financial, and social impairments, it is commonly overlooked by organizations, and one-fourth of the predicted worldwide burden will fall on Ethiopia. In spite of this, there are only a few attempts for prevention and control in certain areas in Ethiopia. Updated statistics on prevalence and contributing factors could make local efforts at prevention, control, and rehabilitation more effective. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of podoconiosis and its associated factors among Ilu Aba Bor zone residents, South West Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 491 participants from March 25 to April 25, 2022. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6.0, then exported to SPSS version 25 for final analysis. In the bi-variable regression, variables with P-values less than 0.25 were included in the multivariable model. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with podoconiosis at a 5% level of significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study area, podoconiosis prevalence was found to be 5.7% [3.6-7.2]. In multivariable regression model, lower tertile wealth status [AOR=2.09; (95% CI (1.384, 5.343)], no formal education [AOR=2.23; (95% CI; 1.179-3.820)] and average distance to reach water source to home [AOR=2.061; (95% CI: 1.78-7.35)] were significantly associated podoconiosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>According to this study, one in every seventeen individuals had podoconiosis, which is a significant prevalence when compared to earlier studies. Podoconiosis was observed to be associated with factors like wealth status, educational attainment, and distance from water source. To address this public health issue, strong preventive and therapeutic treatments should be used.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/b2/rrtm-14-49.PMC10350399.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9837654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps.","authors":"Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez,&nbsp;Hannah Markle,&nbsp;Chaitenya Verma,&nbsp;Ryan Huston,&nbsp;Sreenivas Gannavaram,&nbsp;Hira L Nakhasi,&nbsp;Abhay R Satoskar","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S392606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S392606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic primarily to low- and middle-income countries, for which there has been inadequate development of affordable, safe, and efficacious therapies. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from self-healing skin lesions to lethal visceral infection with chances of relapse. Although treatments are available, secondary effects limit their use outside the clinic and negatively impact the quality of life of patients in endemic areas. Other non-medicinal treatments, such as thermotherapies, are limited to use in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis but not with visceral infection. Recent studies shed light to mechanisms through which <i>Leishmania</i> can persist by hiding in cellular safe havens, even after chemotherapies. This review focuses on exploring the cellular niches that <i>Leishmania</i> parasites may be leveraging to persist within the host. Also, the cellular, metabolic, and molecular implications of <i>Leishmania</i> infection and how those could be targeted for therapeutic purposes are discussed. Other therapies, such as those developed against cancer or for manipulation of the ferroptosis pathway, are proposed as possible treatments against leishmaniasis due to their mechanisms of action. In particular, treatments that target hematopoietic stem cells and monocytes, which have recently been found to be necessary components to sustain the infection and provide a safe niche for the parasites are discussed in this review as potential field-deployable treatments against leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"61-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/6f/rrtm-14-61.PMC10364832.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9875181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human Filaria <i>Loa loa</i>: Update on Diagnostics and Immune Response.","authors":"Roland Dieki,&nbsp;Edouard Nsi-Emvo,&nbsp;Jean Paul Akue","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S355104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S355104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Loa loa</i> loiasis was considered an anecdotal disease 30 years ago. Its spread in Equatorial Africa and the side effects associated with mass drug administration programs against filariasis in co-endemic areas have drawn the attention of the international research community. Progress in research conducted to date has provided insight into the immunobiology of this parasite. An interesting finding reported in several studies is that 70% of individuals with loiasis do not carry microfilariae in their blood, and 30% are microfilaremic, suggesting the involvement of several immunological mechanisms, as shown by elevated specific IgG4 and IgE levels signifying a potential cross-linking mechanism between the two isotypes via <i>L. loa</i> antigen to prevent allergy. A mechanism of anergy in the appearance of microfilariae in the peripheral blood results in immunological unresponsiveness in individuals with microfilariae. There is an interaction between other pathogens (parasites, bacteria, viruses) in individuals co-infected with <i>L. loa</i>. The strong antigen cross-reactivity between <i>L. loa</i> and lymphatic filarial worms warrants a re-evaluation of the distribution of the latter in co-endemic regions. The mechanism of concomitant immunity observed in the elimination of microfilariae or infective larvae (third-stage larvae, L3) may be used for the conception of an immunoprophylactic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/60/rrtm-13-41.PMC9355020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40688068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective","authors":"Cara L. Kim, L. M. Cruz Espinoza, Kirsten Vannice, B. T. Tadesse, E. Owusu-Dabo, R. Rakotozandrindrainy, I. Jani, M. Teferi, Abdramane Bassiahi Soura, O. Lunguya, A. Steele, F. Marks","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S282461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S282461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While typhoid fever has largely been eliminated in high-income regions which have developed modern water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, it remains a significant public health burden resulting in morbidity and mortality among millions of individuals in resource-constrained settings. Prevention and control efforts are needed that integrate several high-impact interventions targeting facilities and infrastructure, including those addressing improvements in sanitation, access to safe water, and planned urbanization, together with parallel efforts directed at effective strategies for use of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV). The use of TCVs is a critical tool with the potential of having a rapid impact on typhoid fever disease burden; their introduction will also serve as an important strategy to combat evolving antimicrobial resistance to currently available typhoid fever treatments. Well-designed epidemiological surveillance studies play a critical role in establishing the need for, and monitoring the impact of, typhoid fever control and prevention strategies implemented by public health authorities. Here, we present a perspective based on a narrative review of the impact of typhoid fever on morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and discuss ongoing surveillance activities and the role of vaccination in prevention and control efforts.","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41813218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocysticercosis: A Review into Treatment Options, Indications, and Their Efficacy.","authors":"Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho,&nbsp;Roberto Rodríguez-Rivas,&nbsp;Agnès Fleury","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S375650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S375650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurocysticercosis, due to the localization of <i>Taenia solium</i> larvae in the Central Nervous System, is a neglected tropical disease still endemic in much of Latin America, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The therapeutic management of NC has gradually improved with the establishment of neuroimaging studies (CT and MRI) in endemic countries and with the demonstration of the efficacy of albendazole and praziquantel in the 1980s. But the morbidity and mortality of this preventable disease remain an unacceptable fact. In this scoping review, we will revise the different treatment options and their indications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/6f/rrtm-13-67.PMC9807125.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10546551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of Treatment for Chikungunya Fever.","authors":"Erin M Millsapps,&nbsp;Emma C Underwood,&nbsp;Kelli L Barr","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S370046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S370046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development and application of treatment for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) remains complicated as there is no current standard treatment and many barriers to research exist. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes serious global health implications due to its socioeconomic impact and high morbidity rates. In research, treatment through natural and pharmaceutical techniques is being evaluated for their efficacy and effectiveness. Natural treatment options, such as homeopathy and physiotherapy, give patients a variety of options for how to best manage acute and chronic symptoms. Some of the most used pharmaceutical therapies for CHIKV include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), methotrexate (MTX), chloroquine, and ribavirin. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for chikungunya, but vaccine development is crucial for this virus. Potential treatments need further research until they can become a standard part of treatment. The barriers to research for this complicated virus create challenges in the efficacy and equitability of its research. The rising need for increased research to fully understand chikungunya in order to develop more effective treatment options is vital in protecting endemic populations globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5c/78/rrtm-13-55.PMC9767026.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10414583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Experience of Effective 3rd Line Antiretroviral Therapy - A Case of 40-Year-Old Female Retroviral-Infected Patient at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia.","authors":"Worku Ketema,&nbsp;Kefyalew Taye,&nbsp;Mulugeta Sitot Shibeshi,&nbsp;Negash Tagesse,&nbsp;Agete Tadewos Hirigo,&nbsp;Kindie Woubishet,&nbsp;Selamawit Gutema,&nbsp;Aberash Eifa,&nbsp;Alemayehu Toma","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S341711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S341711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment failure continues to be an impediment to the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HART) in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (HIV-1). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for patients who have failed second-line ART. Darunavir (DRV) boosted with ritonavir (DRV/r) has a higher genetic barrier to resistance, is active against multidrug-resistant HIV isolates, retaining virological activity even when multiple protease mutations are present, and has been shown to be cost-effective when compared to other boosted protease inhibitors (PIs).</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>This is a case of a 40-year-old female known HIV/AIDS patient who has been on ART for the last 14 years with good adherence and regular follow-up, and who is now on 3rd line ART medication with TLD (tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir)+DRV/r (in her 11th month) after being diagnosed with second-line treatment failure. After 6 months and 1 week of therapy, the viral load (VL) was sent, and the result was undetectable. The patient's clinical conditions had greatly improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Third-line ART therapy, which was once thought to be a salvageable treatment, is now the primary option for second-line ART failure. TLD in combination with ritonavir-boosted darunavir is found to be effective at lowering viral loads in the blood below detectable limits. Despite a lack of data on the use of third-line ART in Ethiopia, access to third-line ART containing ritonavir-boosted darunavir is recommended because it has been shown to be an effective alternative for patients who have failed second-line ART. We recommend that more research be done with a larger sample size, and that the findings in this paper be used with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"263-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/0d/rrtm-12-263.PMC8631462.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39686493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile of Malaria Patients Before and After Antimalarial Drug Treatment at Dembia Primary Hospital and Teda Health Center, Northwest, Ethiopia","authors":"Fentahun Megabiaw, Tegegne Eshetu, Z. Kassahun, Mulugeta Aemero","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S351268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S351268","url":null,"abstract":"Background Infection with malaria in humans involves liver cell destruction, which alters the levels of liver enzymes and lipid profiles. A number of studies have been conducted to address the impact of malaria on liver enzymes and lipid profiles but no studies were addressed after antimalarial treatment in Ethiopia. This study is intended to fill this gap. Methods An observational cohort study was conducted at Dembia Primary Hospital and Teda Health Center, from June to August 2020. Eighty eight malaria infected study participants were recruited using random sampling techniques. Socio-demographic data, capillary and venous blood samples were collected. Assessment of liver enzymes and lipid profiles was done using Beckman Coulter DC-700 clinical chemistry analyzer. Data were entered using Epi-data and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. One way ANOVA, independent t-test, and paired t-test were used to compare the mean liver enzymes and lipid profile. p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Before anti-malaria treatment, among 88 study participants, elevated AST (87.5%), ALT (12.5%), ALP (43.2%), and TG (17.2%) and lower HDL (87.5%) and normal LDL and TC were observed. After treatment, 100% AST, ALT, HDL, and LDL and 92% ALP, 94.3% TC, and 86.4% TG levels were in the normal range. The mean level of AST and ALT increased while HDL decreased from low to higher density parasitaemia. Mean level of AST was significantly lower while ALT did not alter. HDL, LDL, and TC level were increased but statistically were insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion Malaria could be responsible for increased liver enzymes and certain lipids while decreasing some lipid profiles. After anti-malaria treatment, these parameters were reversed to normal from 86.4% to 100%. Hence, prompt treatment is important to improve liver enzymes and lipid profile impairment during malaria infection.","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"11 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Strongyloidiasis in Pregnant Women.","authors":"Philip Wikman-Jorgensen,&nbsp;Ana Requena-Méndez,&nbsp;Jara Llenas-García","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S282268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S282268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection distributed worldwide, with an estimated 614 million people infected. Strongyloidiasis usually presents asymptomatically or with aspecific and mild clinical symptoms, mainly cutaneous, respiratory, or gastrointestinal. Disseminated disease and hyperinfection syndrome are the most serious complications, have a high mortality rate, usually occur in immunosuppressed patients, and are particularly associated with the use of corticosteroids. Strongyloidiasis is the most neglected of the neglected diseases, and its occurrence in pregnancy has been neglected and understudied. In this review, we focus on the effects of strongyloidiasis during pregnancy and highlight the knowledge shortage and the need for more research on the subject. There are few studies addressing strongyloidiasis prevalence during pregnancy and hyperinfection incidence during pregnancy is practically unknown, with only isolated case reports published. Although data are scarce, the infection has been associated with developmental disabilities and anemia during pregnancy, while hyperinfection may cause both maternal and neonatal death. Data on the best screening and diagnostic strategies during pregnancy are lacking. There is insufficient evidence on ivermectin safety in pregnancy, complicating treatment recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"219-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/47/rrtm-12-219.PMC8464358.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39467289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenges and Successes of Dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic in India.","authors":"Juhi Sharma,&nbsp;Divakar Sharma,&nbsp;Dileep Tiwari,&nbsp;Vaishali Vishwakarma","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S274673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S274673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is higher compared with other coronaviruses reported so far, so effective therapeutics and vaccines are the best way to control the proliferation of this infection The COVID-19 mortality rate is lower compared with other similar viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory Ssndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). However, due to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 mutants that are responsible for the subsequent waves, mortality due to COVID-19 has increased across the globe. Currently, the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly severe and is leading to a tremendously increased number of deaths globally. Scientists expect that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to become a seasonal disease like influenza and may persist with humanity in the future. Currently, preventive strategies such as sanitation, social distancing, use of masks, potential chemotherapies (pathogen-centric and host-centric), and vaccines are the only option to fight against COVID-19. Many groups of Indian government-public private consortia had set up different strategies (development of multiple vaccines) for combat of this unique threat through stepssuch as an increase in vaccinations and sample testing per day. In this focused review, we have discussed the challenges faced and success stories employed to manage COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"205-218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/0d/rrtm-12-205.PMC8374532.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39341053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}