Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Phylogeography of horseshoe bat sarbecoviruses in Vietnam and neighbouring countries. Implications for the origins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Alexandre Hassanin,&nbsp;Vuong Tan Tu,&nbsp;Tamás Görföl,&nbsp;Lam Quang Ngon,&nbsp;Phu Van Pham,&nbsp;Chu Thi Hang,&nbsp;Tran Anh Tuan,&nbsp;Mathieu Prot,&nbsp;Etienne Simon-Lorière,&nbsp;Gábor Kemenesi,&nbsp;Gábor Endre Tóth,&nbsp;Laurent Moulin,&nbsp;Sébastien Wurtzer","doi":"10.1111/mec.17486","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17486","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies on horseshoe bats (<i>Rhinolophus</i> spp.) have described many coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV (<i>SARSCoVr</i>) in China and only a few coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 (<i>SARSCoV2r</i>) in Yunnan (southern China), Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Here, we report the results of several field missions carried out in 2017, 2021 and 2022 across Vietnam during which 1218 horseshoe bats were sampled from 19 locations. Sarbecoviruses were detected in 11% of faecal RNA extracts, with much more positives among <i>Rhinolophus thomasi</i> (46%). We assembled 38 <i>Sarbecovirus</i> genomes, including 32 <i>SARSCoVr</i>, four <i>SARSCoV2r</i>, and two recombinants of <i>SARSCoVr</i> and <i>SARSCoV2r</i> (<i>RecSar</i>), one showing a Spike protein very similar to SARS-CoV-2. We detected a bat co-infected with four coronaviruses, including two sarbecoviruses. Our analyses revealed that <i>Sarbecovirus</i> genomes evolve in Vietnam under strong geographical and host constraints. First, we found evidence for a deep separation between viruses from northern Vietnam and those from central and southern Vietnam. Second, we detected only <i>SARSCoVr</i> in <i>Rhinolophus thomasi</i>, both <i>SARSCoVr</i> and <i>SARSCoV2r</i> in <i>Rhinolophus affinis</i>, and only <i>RecSar</i> in <i>Rhinolophus pusillus</i> captured close to the border with China. Third, the bias in favour of Uracil in synonymous third codon positions of <i>SARSCoVr</i> extracted from <i>R. thomasi</i> showed a negative correlation with latitudes. Our results also provided support for an emergence of SARS-CoV in horseshoe bats from northern Yunnan and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in horseshoe bats from northern Indochina subtropical forests (southern Yunnan, northern Laos and north-western Vietnam).</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent speciation and adaptation to aridity in the ecologically diverse Pilbara region of Australia enabled the native tobaccos (Nicotiana; Solanaceae) to colonize all Australian deserts","authors":"Luiz A. Cauz-Santos,&nbsp;Rosabelle Samuel,&nbsp;Dominik Metschina,&nbsp;Maarten J. M. Christenhusz,&nbsp;Steven Dodsworth,&nbsp;Kingsley W. Dixon,&nbsp;John G. Conran,&nbsp;Ovidiu Paun,&nbsp;Mark W. Chase","doi":"10.1111/mec.17498","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last 6 million years, the arid Australian Eremaean Zone (EZ) has remained as dry as it is today. A widely accepted hypothesis suggests that the flora and fauna of arid regions were more broadly distributed before aridification began. In Australia, this process started around 20 million years ago (Ma), leading to gradual speciation as the climate became increasingly arid. Here, we use genomic data to investigate the biogeography and timing of divergence of native allotetraploid tobaccos, <i>Nicotiana</i> section <i>Suaveolentes</i> (Solanaceae). The original allotetraploid migrants from South America were adapted to mesic areas of Australia and recently radiated in the EZ, including in sandy dune fields (only 1.2 Ma old), after developing drought adaptations. Coalescent and maximum likelihood analyses suggest that <i>Nicotiana</i> section <i>Suaveolentes</i> arrived on the continent around 6 Ma, with the ancestors of the Pilbara (Western Australian) lineages radiating there at the onset of extreme aridity 5 Ma by locally adapting to these various ancient, highly stable habitats. The Pilbara thus served as both a mesic refugium and cradle for adaptations to harsher conditions, due to its high topographical diversity, providing microhabitats with varying moisture levels and its proximity to the ocean, which buffers against extreme aridity. This enabled species like <i>Nicotiana</i> to survive in mesic refugia and subsequently adapt to more arid conditions. These results demonstrate that initially poorly adapted plant groups can develop novel adaptations in situ, permitting extensive and rapid dispersal despite the highly variable and unpredictable extreme conditions of the EZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing feral swine movement across the contiguous United States using neural networks and genetic data","authors":"Rachael M. Giglio,&nbsp;Courtney F. Bowden,&nbsp;Ryan K. Brook,&nbsp;Antoinette J. Piaggio,&nbsp;Timothy J. Smyser","doi":"10.1111/mec.17489","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17489","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Globalization has led to the frequent movement of species out of their native habitat. Some of these species become highly invasive and capable of profoundly altering invaded ecosystems. Feral swine (<i>Sus scrofa</i> × <i>domesticus</i>) are recognized as being among the most destructive invasive species, with populations established on all continents except Antarctica. Within the United States (US), feral swine are responsible for extensive crop damage, the destruction of native ecosystems, and the spread of disease. Purposeful human-mediated movement of feral swine has contributed to their rapid range expansion over the past 30 years. Patterns of deliberate introduction of feral swine have not been well described as populations may be established or augmented through small, undocumented releases. By leveraging an extensive genomic database of 18,789 samples genotyped at 35,141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we used deep neural networks to identify translocated feral swine across the contiguous US. We classified 20% (3364/16,774) of sampled animals as having been translocated and described general patterns of translocation using measures of centrality in a network analysis. These findings unveil extensive movement of feral swine well beyond their dispersal capabilities, including individuals with predicted origins &gt;1000 km away from their sampling locations. Our study provides insight into the patterns of human-mediated movement of feral swine across the US and from Canada to the northern areas of the US. Further, our study validates the use of neural networks for studying the spread of invasive species.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent hybridization and gene flow shaped Norway and Siberian spruce evolutionary history over multiple glacial cycles","authors":"Qiujie Zhou,&nbsp;Piyal Karunarathne,&nbsp;Lili Andersson-Li,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Lars Opgenoorth,&nbsp;Katrin Heer,&nbsp;Andrea Piotti,&nbsp;Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin,&nbsp;Elena Nakvasina,&nbsp;Martin Lascoux,&nbsp;Pascal Milesi","doi":"10.1111/mec.17495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17495","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most tree species underwent cycles of contraction and expansion during the Quaternary. These cycles led to an ancient and complex genetic structure that has since been affected by extensive gene flow and by strong local adaptation. The extent to which hybridization played a role in this multi-layered genetic structure is important to be investigated. To study the effect of hybridization on the joint population genetic structure of two dominant species of the Eurasian boreal forest, <i>Picea abies</i> and <i>P. obovata</i>, we used targeted resequencing and obtained around 480 K nuclear SNPs and 87 chloroplast SNPs in 542 individuals sampled across most of their distribution ranges. Despite extensive gene flow and a clear pattern of Isolation-by-Distance, distinct genetic clusters emerged, indicating the presence of barriers and corridors to migration. Two cryptic refugia located in the large hybrid zone between the two species played a critical role in shaping their current distributions. The two species repeatedly hybridized during the Pleistocene and the direction of introgression depended on latitude. Our study suggests that hybridization helped both species to overcome main shifts in their distribution ranges during glacial cycles and highlights the importance of considering whole species complex instead of separate entities to retrieve complex demographic histories.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How inquilinism shaped breeding systems in a termite host-inquiline relationship","authors":"Johanne Timmermans,&nbsp;Simon Hellemans,&nbsp;Jan Křivánek,&nbsp;Esra Kaymak,&nbsp;Nicolas Fontaine,&nbsp;Thomas Bourguignon,&nbsp;Robert Hanus,&nbsp;Yves Roisin","doi":"10.1111/mec.17494","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social insects have developed a broad diversity of nesting and foraging strategies. One of these, inquilinism, occurs when one species (the inquiline) inhabits the nest built and occupied by another species (the host). Obligatory inquilines must overcome strong constraints upon colony foundation and development, due to limited availability of host colonies. To reveal how inquilinism shapes reproductive strategies in a termite host-inquiline dyad, we carried out a microsatellite marker study on <i>Inquilinitermes inquilinus</i> and its host <i>Constrictotermes cavifrons</i>. The proportion of simple, extended and mixed families was recorded in both species, as well as the presence of neotenics, parthenogenesis and multiple foundations. Most host colonies (95%) were simple families and all were monodomous. By contrast, the inquiline showed a higher proportion of extended (30%) and mixed (5%) families, and frequent neotenics (in 25% of the nests). This results from the simultaneous foundation in host nests of numerous incipient colonies, which, as they grow, may compete, fight, or merge. We also documented the use of parthenogenesis by female–female pairs. In conclusion, the classical monogamous colony pattern of the host species suggests uneventful development of simple foundations dispersed in the environment, in accordance with the wide distribution of their resources. By contrast, the multiple reproductive patterns displayed by the inquiline species reveal strong constraints on foundation sites: founders first concentrate into host nests, then must attempt to outcompete or absorb the neighbouring foundations to gain full control of the resources provided by the host nest.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitness consequences of population bottlenecks in an invasive blowfly","authors":"Lilly Croft,&nbsp;Paige Matheson,&nbsp;Nathan J. Butterworth,&nbsp;Angela McGaughran","doi":"10.1111/mec.17492","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species often undergo demographic bottlenecks that cause a decrease in genetic diversity and associated reductions in population fitness. Despite this, they manage to thrive in novel environments. Investigating the effects of inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks on population fitness for invasive species is, therefore, key to understanding how they may survive in new environments. We used the blowfly <i>Calliphora vicina</i> (<i>Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique</i>, 1830, 2, 1), which is native to Europe and was introduced to Australia and New Zealand, to examine the effects of genetic diversity on population fitness. We first collected 59 samples from 15 populations across New Zealand and one in Australia, and used 20,501 biallelic SNPs to investigate population genomic diversity, structure and admixture. We then explored the impacts of repeated experimental bottlenecks on population fitness by creating inbred and outbred lines of <i>C. vicina</i> and measuring a variety of fitness traits. In wild-caught samples, we found low overall genetic diversity, signals of genetic admixture and limited (&lt;3%) genetic differentiation between North and South Island populations, with genetic links between the South Island and Australia. Following experimental bottlenecks, we found significant reductions in fitness for inbred lines. However, fitness effects were not felt equally across all phenotypic traits. Moreover, they were not enough to cause population collapse in any experimental line, suggesting that <i>C. vicina</i> (when under relaxed selection, as in laboratory settings) may be able to compensate for population bottlenecks even when highly inbred. Our results demonstrate the value of a tractable experimental system for investigating processes that may facilitate or hamper biological invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome scans for selection signatures identify candidate virulence genes for adaptation of the soybean cyst nematode to host resistance","authors":"Khee Man Kwon,&nbsp;João P. G. Viana,&nbsp;Kimberly K. O. Walden,&nbsp;Mariola Usovsky,&nbsp;Andrew M. Scaboo,&nbsp;Matthew E. Hudson,&nbsp;Melissa G. Mitchum","doi":"10.1111/mec.17490","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant pathogens are constantly under selection pressure for host resistance adaptation. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, <i>Heterodera glycines</i>) is a major pest of soybean primarily managed through resistant cultivars; however, SCN populations have evolved virulence in response to selection pressures driven by repeated monoculture of the same genetic resistance. Resistance to SCN is mediated by multiple epistatic interactions between <i>Rhg</i> (for resistance to <i>H. glycines</i>) genes. However, the identity of SCN virulence genes that confer the ability to overcome resistance remains unknown. To identify candidate genomic regions showing signatures of selection for increased virulence, we conducted whole genome resequencing of pooled individuals (Pool-Seq) from two pairs of SCN populations adapted on soybeans with Peking-type (<i>rhg1-a</i>, <i>rhg2</i>, and <i>Rhg4</i>) resistance. Population differentiation and principal component analysis-based approaches identified approximately 0.72–0.79 million SNPs, the frequency of which showed potential selection signatures across multiple genomic regions. Chromosomes 3 and 6 between population pairs showed the greatest density of outlier SNPs with high population differentiation. Conducting multiple outlier detection tests to identify overlapping SNPs resulted in a total of 966 significantly differentiated SNPs, of which 285 exon SNPs were mapped to 97 genes. Of these, six genes encoded members of known stylet-secreted effector protein families potentially involved in host defence modulation including venom-allergen-like, annexin, glutathione synthetase, SPRYSEC, chitinase, and CLE effector proteins. Further functional analysis of identified candidate genes will provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms by which SCN overcomes soybean resistance and inform the development of molecular markers for rapidly screening the virulence profile of an SCN-infested field.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of a migratory insect pest to global warming","authors":"Peng-Qi Quan,&nbsp;Pan-Long Guo,&nbsp;Jing He,&nbsp;Xiang-Dong Liu","doi":"10.1111/mec.17493","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the face of rising global temperatures, the mechanisms behind an organism's ability to acclimate to heat stress remain enigmatic. The rice leaf folder, <i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i>, traditionally viewed as temperature-sensitive, paradoxically exhibits robust larval acclimation to heat stress. This study used the heat-acclimated strain HA39, developed through multigenerational exposure to 39°C during the larval stage, and the unacclimated strain HA27 reared at 27°C to unravel the transgenerational effects of heat acclimation and its regulatory mechanisms. Heat acclimation for larvae incurred a fitness cost in pupae when exposed to high temperature, yet a significant transgenerational effect surfaced, revealing heightened fitness benefit in pupae from HA39, even without additional heat exposure during larval recovery at 27°C. This transgenerational effect exhibited a short-term memory, diminishing after two recovery generations. Moreover, the effect correlated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and expression levels of oxidoreductase genes, representing physiological and molecular foundations of heat acclimation. Heat-acclimated larvae displayed elevated DNA methylation levels, while pupae from HA39, in recovery generations, exhibited decreased methylation indicated by the upregulation of a demethylase gene and downregulation of two methyltransferase genes at high temperatures. In summary, heat acclimation induces DNA methylation, orchestrating heat-stress memory and influencing the expression levels of oxidoreductase genes and SOD activity. Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of the migratory insect pest to global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond gene flow: (non)-parallelism of secondary contact in a pair of highly differentiated sibling species","authors":"Hannah Augustijnen,&nbsp;Kay Lucek","doi":"10.1111/mec.17488","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Replicated secondary contact zones can provide insights into the barriers to gene flow that are important during speciation and can reveal to which degree secondary contact may result in similar evolutionary outcomes. Here, we studied two secondary contact zones between highly differentiated Alpine butterflies of the genus <i>Erebia</i> using whole-genome resequencing data. We assessed the genomic relationships between populations and species and found hybridization to be rare, with no to little current or historical introgression in either contact zone. There are large similarities between contact zones, consistent with an allopatric origin of interspecific differentiation, with no indications for ongoing reinforcing selection. Consistent with expected reduced effective population size, we further find that scaffolds related to the Z-chromosome show increased differentiation compared to the already high levels across the entire genome, which could also hint towards a contribution of the Z chromosome to species divergence in this system. Finally, we detected the presence of the endosymbiont <i>Wolbachia</i>, which can cause reproductive isolation between its hosts, in all <i>E. cassioides</i>, while it appears to be fully or largely absent in contact zone populations of <i>E. tyndarus</i>. We discuss how this rare pattern may have arisen and how it may have affected the dynamics of speciation upon secondary contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic, morphological and physiological data support fast ecotypic differentiation and incipient speciation in an alpine diving beetle","authors":"Susana Pallarés,&nbsp;Joaquín Ortego,&nbsp;José Antonio Carbonell,&nbsp;Eduardo Franco-Fuentes,&nbsp;David T. Bilton,&nbsp;Andrés Millán,&nbsp;Pedro Abellán","doi":"10.1111/mec.17487","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17487","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An intricate interplay between evolutionary and demographic processes has frequently resulted in complex patterns of genetic and phenotypic diversity in alpine lineages, posing serious challenges to species delimitation and biodiversity conservation planning. Here we integrate genomic data, geometric morphometric analyses and thermal tolerance experiments to explore the role of Pleistocene climatic changes and adaptation to alpine environments on patterns of genomic and phenotypic variation in diving beetles from the taxonomically complex <i>Agabus bipustulatus</i> species group. Genetic structure and phylogenomic analyses revealed the presence of three geographically cohesive lineages, two representing trans-Palearctic and Iberian populations of the elevation-generalist <i>A. bipustulatus</i> and another corresponding to the strictly-alpine <i>A. nevadensis</i>, a narrow-range endemic taxon from the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southeastern Iberia. The best-supported model of lineage divergence, along with the existence of pervasive genetic introgression and admixture in secondary contact zones, is consistent with a scenario of population isolation and connectivity linked to Quaternary climatic oscillations. Our results suggest that <i>A. nevadensis</i> is an alpine ecotype of <i>A. bipustulatus</i>, whose genotypic, morphological and physiological differentiation likely resulted from an interplay between population isolation and local altitudinal adaptation. Remarkably, within the Iberian Peninsula, such ecotypic differentiation is unique to Sierra Nevada populations and has not been replicated in other alpine populations of <i>A. bipustulatus.</i> Collectively, our study supports fast ecotypic differentiation and incipient speciation processes within the study complex and points to Pleistocene glaciations and local adaptation along elevational gradients as key drivers of biodiversity generation in alpine environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}