Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"An Evolutionary Mosaic Challenges Traditional Monitoring of a Foundation Species in a Coastal Environment-The Baltic Fucus vesiculosus.","authors":"Ricardo T Pereyra, Alexandra Kinnby, Alan Le Moan, Olga Ortega-Martinez, Per R Jonsson, Stefania Piarulli, Matthew I M Pinder, Mats Töpel, Pierre De Wit, Carl André, Halvor Knutsen, Kerstin Johannesson","doi":"10.1111/mec.17699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During periods of environmental change, genetic diversity in foundation species is critical for ecosystem function and resilience, but it remains overlooked in environmental monitoring. In the Baltic Sea, a key species for monitoring is the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, which forms sublittoral 3D habitats providing shelter and food for fish and invertebrates. Ecological distribution models predict a significant loss of Baltic F. vesiculosus due to ocean warming, unless populations can adapt. Genetic variation and recombination during sexual reproduction are essential for adaptation, but studies have revealed large-scale clonal reproduction within the Baltic Sea. We analysed genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from the east Atlantic, the \"Transition zone,\" and the Baltic Sea, and found a mosaic of divergent lineages in the Baltic Sea, contrasting an outside dominance of a few genetic groups. We determined that the previously described endemic species Fucus radicans is predominantly a large female clone of F. vesiculosus in its northern Baltic distribution. In the two Estonian sites, however, individuals earlier referred to as F. radicans are sexually and reproductively isolated from Baltic F. vesiculosus, revealing a separate lineage that may have diverged long before the formation of the Baltic Sea. Monitoring Baltic Fucus without considering this genetic complexity will fail to prioritise populations with adaptive potential to new climate conditions. From our genomic data, we can extract informative and diagnostic genetic markers that differentiate major genetic entities. Such a SNP panel will provide a straightforward tool for spatial and temporal monitoring and informing management decisions and actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Signatures of Adaptation Across a Precipitation Gradient From Niche Centre to Niche Edge","authors":"Samantha Van Deurs,&nbsp;Oliver Reutimann,&nbsp;Hirzi Luqman,&nbsp;Dikla Lifshitz,&nbsp;Einav Mayzlish-Gati,&nbsp;Jake Alexander,&nbsp;Simone Fior","doi":"10.1111/mec.17696","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17696","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluating the potential for species to adapt to changing climates relies on understanding current patterns of adaptive variation and selection, which might vary in intensity across a species' niche, hence affecting our inference of where adaptation might be most important in the future. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of adaptation in <i>Lactuca serriola</i> along a steep precipitation gradient in Israel approaching the species' arid niche limit and use candidate loci to inform predictions of its past and future adaptive evolution. Environmental association analyses combined with generalised dissimilarity models revealed 108 candidate genes showing nonlinear shifts in allele frequencies across the gradient, with 66% of these genes under strong selection near the dry niche edge. We detected selection acting on genes with separate suites of biological functions, specifically related to phenology and responses to environmental stressors, including osmotic stress, at the dry niche edge, and related to biotic interactions and defence closer to the niche centre. The adaptive genetic composition of populations, as inferred through polygenic risk scores, point to intensified selection operating towards the dry niche edge. However, inference of past and future evolutionary change predicts larger adaptive shifts occurring in the mesic part of the range, which is most affected by climate change. Our study reveals that adaptive shifts in response to climate change can be heterogeneous across a species' range and not necessarily strongest near its niche edge.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed Parentage Broods Indicate Group Spawning in the Brood Parasitic Cuckoo Catfish","authors":"Holger Zimmermann,&nbsp;Kristina M. Sefc,&nbsp;Radim Blažek,&nbsp;Veronika Bartáková,&nbsp;Anna Bryjová,&nbsp;Cyprian Katongo,&nbsp;Stephan Koblmüller,&nbsp;Martin Reichard","doi":"10.1111/mec.17692","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obligate brood parasites delegate the workload of costly parental care to their hosts. Theory predicts that release from demanding parental care increases the importance of other factors to shape mating patterns. However, behavioural observations and parentage estimates are notoriously difficult to obtain in species with covert reproductive strategies, such as brood parasites, and evidence for their mating strategies are scarce. Molecular genetic methods provide a powerful tool to identify concealed mating patterns. Here, we reconstruct the parentage of cuckoo catfish (<i>Synodontis multipunctatus</i>) clutches collected in the wild using a combination of newly developed microsatellite markers, mitochondrial markers, and maximum likelihood estimates of pairwise relatedness. Cuckoo catfish parasitise mouthbrooding cichlids in Lake Tanganyika, but a natural spawning of the brood parasite has never been observed. We examined 429 females of confirmed host cichlid species (parasitism prevalence 6%; 24 parasitised clutches with 1–14 embryos) and found that 46% of clutches with three or more offspring (i.e., 6 out of 13) were parented by more than two catfish individuals. We demonstrated variable mating patterns including polyandrous and polygynous mating, and host sharing by separate, genetically monogamous, catfish pairs. This indicates that cuckoo catfish parasitism involves groups of catfish with reduced capability to monopolise mating opportunities. In general, our results demonstrate how reproductive strategy and mating patterns in a species with concealed breeding behaviour can be investigated and provide valuable insights into the mating system of a brood parasitic species other than hitherto studied avian brood parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Insights Into the Effect of Feralisation on the Gut Microbiota of Cats Worldwide","authors":"Ostaizka Aizpurua,&nbsp;Amanda Bolt Botnen,&nbsp;Raphael Eisenhofer,&nbsp;Iñaki Odriozola,&nbsp;Luisa Santos-Bay,&nbsp;Mads Bjørn Bjørnsen,&nbsp;M. Thomas P. Gilbert,&nbsp;Antton Alberdi","doi":"10.1111/mec.17695","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17695","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Successfully adapting to a feral lifestyle with different access to food, shelter and other resources requires rapid physiological and behavioural changes, which could potentially be facilitated by gut microbiota plasticity. To investigate whether alterations in gut microbiota support this transition to a feral lifestyle, we analysed the gut microbiomes of domestic and feral cats from six geographically diverse locations using genome-resolved metagenomics. By reconstructing 229 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes from 92 cats, we identified a typical carnivore microbiome structure, with notable diversity and taxonomic differences across regions. While overall diversity metrics did not differ significantly between domestic and feral cats, hierarchical modelling of species communities, accounting for geographic and sex covariates, revealed significantly larger microbial functional capacities among feral cats. The increased capacity for amino acid and lipid degradation corresponds to feral cats' dietary reliance on crude protein and fat. A second modelling analysis, using behavioural phenotype as the main predictor, unveiled a positive association between microbial production of short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and vitamins and cat aggressiveness, suggesting that gut microbes might contribute to heightened aggression and elusiveness observed in feral cats. Functional microbiome shifts may therefore play a significant role in the development of physiological and behavioural traits advantageous for a feral lifestyle, a hypothesis that warrants validation through microbiota manipulation experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Neighbourhood as Predictor of Allopatric Speciation in Sedges","authors":"Carmen Benítez-Benítez,&nbsp;Pedro Jiménez-Mejías,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Calleja-Alarcón,&nbsp;María Leo,&nbsp;María Sanz-Arnal,&nbsp;Francisco Lara,&nbsp;Ricardo Garilleti,&nbsp;Santiago Martín-Bravo,&nbsp;Marcial Escudero,&nbsp;Mario Fernández-Mazuecos,&nbsp;Joaquín Calatayud,&nbsp;Nagore G. Medina","doi":"10.1111/mec.17683","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17683","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adaptation to different environments in geographically separated populations is key for allopatric speciation. Most research has focused on the effects of geographical isolation and abiotic factors, but disjunct populations frequently co-occur with different pools of species, favouring divergent adaptation and speciation. We show the importance of plant neighbourhood, compared to geographic and environmental factors, in the allopatric speciation of two closely related plants, <i>Carex elata</i> and <i>Carex reuteriana</i>. Both species share similar ecological requirements and inhabit river shores at medium to low altitudes across the Iberian Peninsula. We employed a multidisciplinary approach integrating abiotic, biotic and geographical factors, and genomic data (genotyping-by-sequencing) to infer the relative role of different evolutionary drivers. Abiotic factors were assessed based on 38 bioclimatic variables, biotic factors using the community of co-occurring plant species (1536 vegetation inventories), and geographical factors with a distance matrix based on geographic coordinates. Using regularised generalised linear models, we identified the key variables explaining distribution patterns. We also examined the relationships between inter-population genetic distances, and biotic, abiotic and geographic factors to understand the drivers of lineage splitting, revealing varying degrees of influence. Plant neighbourhood emerged as a stronger predictor of allopatric distributions than abiotic or geographic factors, with the largest effect observed in <i>Carex elata,</i> which exhibited the greatest population differentiation. These findings suggest that the biotic and microenvironmental factors influencing divergent plant neighbourhoods have significantly contributed to the differentiation of these taxa, providing new insights into the evolutionary processes shaping the origin and distribution of species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Variants Contribute to Phenotypic Variation in Maize.","authors":"Nathan S Catlin, Husain I Agha, Adrian E Platts, Manisha Munasinghe, Candice N Hirsch, Emily B Josephs","doi":"10.1111/mec.17662","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comprehensively identifying the loci shaping trait variation has been challenging, in part because standard approaches often miss many types of genetic variants. Structural variants (SVs), especially transposable elements (TEs), are likely to affect phenotypic variation but we lack methods that can detect polymorphic SVs and TEs using short-read sequencing data. Here, we used a whole genome alignment between two maize genotypes to identify polymorphic SVs and then genotyped a large maize diversity panel for these variants using short-read sequencing data. After characterising SV variation in the panel, we identified SV polymorphisms that are associated with life history traits and genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions. While most of the SVs associated with traits contained TEs, only two of the SVs had boundaries that clearly matched TE breakpoints indicative of a TE insertion, while the other polymorphisms were likely caused by deletions. One of the SVs that appeared to be caused by a TE insertion had the most associations with gene expression compared to other trait-associated SVs. All of the SVs associated with traits were in linkage disequilibrium with nearby single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), suggesting that the approach used here did not identify unique associations that would have been missed in a SNP association study. Overall, we have (1) created a technique to genotype SV polymorphisms across a large diversity panel using support from genomic short-read sequencing alignments and (2) connected this presence/absence SV variation to diverse traits and GxE interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17662"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenomic Changes in Ostrinia Moths Under Elevated Pupal and Adult Temperature","authors":"Brittany A. Velikaneye,&nbsp;Genevieve M. Kozak","doi":"10.1111/mec.17676","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17676","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epigenetic changes in the methylation of DNA may occur in response to environmental stressors, including warming climates. DNA methylation may also play an important role in regulating gene expression during both male and female reproduction in many insect species. However, it is currently unknown how DNA methylation shifts when individuals are reproducing under warmer temperatures. We exposed European corn borer moths (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>) to heat during the pupal and adult life stages then investigated changes in DNA methylation across the genome using enzymatic methyl-seq (EM-seq). We compared methylation patterns in reproductive males and females exposed to heat (28°C) to those that experienced an ambient temperature (23°C). We found that heat exposure led to a small but significant increase in the percentage of methylated CpG sites throughout the genome in both sexes. However, DNA methylation rates were higher in females and differential methylation following heat exposure localised to unique regions in each sex. In males, methylation shifted within genes belonging to pathways including Hippo signalling, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, DNA damage repair and spermatogenesis. In females, differential methylation occurred in genes related to histone modification and oogenesis. Our results suggest that DNA methylation patterns respond to moderate heat exposure in Lepidoptera and provide insight into epigenetic responses to heatwaves, suggesting novel pathways that may be involved in responding to heat stress during metamorphosis and reproduction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Idiot's Guide to Effective Population Size.","authors":"Robin S Waples","doi":"10.1111/mec.17670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a reference manual for the elegant, yet hideously complex concept of effective population size (N_e), inspired by a classic, self-published manual of automotive repair 'for the compleat idiot'. The Guide is timely, given the recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, where 196 Parties committed to tracking genetic diversity-and estimating N_e-for all species. N_e is a human construct, but a useful one that allows us to capture diverse aspects of an organism's biology in a single number. The Guide collates in one location factual information about effective population size, with a focus on topics of practical relevance to scientists and managers studying real populations; it covers definition, computation and estimation of effective size, both demographically and genetically. As appropriate, the reader is directed to other primary sources for more details. A 'Don't Do These Things' section lists several ill-advised approaches to dealing with N_e, and an Appendix provides useful tools and practical suggestions for interested users. A special section considers both possibilities and challenges presented by the genomics revolution. Availability of vast numbers of genetic markers increases precision, but less than some might think, and simultaneously introduces new challenges involving filtering and bioinformatics processing. As annotated genomes become more common for non-model species, opportunities are opened to address qualitatively different questions, including reconstructing historical changes in N_e through time.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture-Independent Species-Level Taxonomic and Functional Characterisation of Bacteroides, the Core Bacterial Genus Within Reptile Guts","authors":"Carmen Hoffbeck,&nbsp;Danielle M. R. L. Middleton,&nbsp;Jessica A. Wallbank,&nbsp;Jian S. Boey,&nbsp;Michael W. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/mec.17685","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17685","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Bacteroides</i> is a widespread and abundant bacterial taxon associated with gut microbiotas. Species within <i>Bacteroides</i> fill many niches, including as mutualists, commensals and pathogens for their hosts. Within many reptiles, <i>Bacteroides</i> is a dominant, ‘core’ gut bacterium that sometimes exhibits increased abundance in times of food scarcity, such as during hibernation. Here, we take a two-pronged approach to better characterise <i>Bacteroides</i> populations in reptile guts. Firstly, we leverage published 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets to determine the species-level distributions of <i>Bacteroides</i> members in reptile hosts. Secondly, we mine publicly available metagenomes to extract data for <i>Bacteroides</i> from reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals, to compare the functional potential of <i>Bacteroides</i> in different host taxa. The 16S rRNA gene analyses revealed that <i>B. acidifaciens</i> is the most common <i>Bacteroides</i> species in reptile guts, and that different orders of reptiles differ in which <i>Bacteroides</i> species they harbour. The taxonomy of <i>Bacteroides</i> species recovered from metagenomic assembly did not differ between reptile orders or substantially across birds, amphibians and mammals. Metagenome-assembled genomes for <i>Bacteroides</i> species were marginally more related when their hosts were more closely related, with reptile hosts in particular harbouring markedly more unique <i>Bacteroides</i> MAGs compared to other hosts. Our findings indicate that hosts harbour similar profiles of <i>Bacteroides</i> species across broad comparisons, but with some differences between reptile groups, and that <i>Bacteroides</i> appears to perform largely similar roles in vertebrate host guts regardless of host relatedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Plasticity and Selection in Rapid Phenotypic Changes at the Pacific Oyster Invasion Front in Europe.","authors":"Alexandra Kinnby, Chloé Robert, Jonathan N Havenhand, Göran Broström, Luc Bussière, Pierre De Wit","doi":"10.1111/mec.17684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive species present significant management challenges worldwide due to their ability to rapidly adapt to novel environments. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a globally distributed invasive species, arrived in western Sweden in 2006 but has not yet colonised the low salinity waters of the Baltic Sea, presumably because low salinities act as a barrier to reproduction. We used classic mating designs to investigate fertilisation rates and heritability of embryonal salinity tolerance (in 8‰-33‰) in oysters from three locations with different invasion history and salinity (established, 33‰; past invasion front, 23.5‰; and present invasion front, 16‰). We found that fertilisation rates at lower salinities increased with proximity to the range front, with a pronounced heritable component. We then used whole-genome sequencing of oysters from the present invasion front to identify genomic regions showing stronger deviations from Mendelian inheritance in larval full-sib families reared in low salinity compared to controls. These regions contained coding sequences for Histones and ribosomal DNA, with the paternal genotype explaining a significant proportion of the deviation, suggesting the involvement of sperm in modulation of low-salinity tolerance at fertilisation and early development. Furthermore, we found no evidence of recent bottlenecks along the invasion front. We conclude that the Pacific oyster has developed low-salinity tolerant reproductive phenotypes at the present invasion front through acclimation and natural selection. Given the strong heritability for tolerance to low-salinities at fertilisation, the species likely has the potential to adapt further to low-salinity conditions and may invade the Baltic Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}