Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"The past, the recent, and the ongoing evolutionary processes of the worldwide invasive ascidian Styela plicata","authors":"Carles Galià-Camps,&nbsp;Alba Enguídanos,&nbsp;Xavier Turon,&nbsp;Marta Pascual,&nbsp;Carlos Carreras","doi":"10.1111/mec.17502","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species are one of the main threats to global biodiversity and, within marine ecosystems, tunicates feature some prominent examples. <i>Styela plicata</i> is an ascidian species inhabiting harbours in all temperate oceans and seas, thus being considered a thriving invasive species. However, this species' adaptive mechanisms, introduction history, and population structure have never been completely elucidated. Here, by genotyping 87 <i>S. plicata</i> individuals from 18 localities worldwide with 2b-RADseq, we confirm the global presence of four chromosome inversions, demonstrate population structuring on this species, detect local adaptation signals, and infer historical demographic events. We show that North Carolina individuals constitute an unrelated population, Atlanto-Mediterranean and Pacific localities form their own genetic clusters with substructuring, being the most evident the split between northern and southern Atlantic localities. The locality of South Carolina presents an intermediate genetic position between North Carolina and the other two groups pointing to a hybrid origin with recurrent gene flow. We generate and test demographic models, providing evidence of two independent introduction events to the Atlantic and Pacific, and an admixture that originated the population of South Carolina. Finally, we identify candidate loci for adaptation, with functions involved with cell processes, metabolism, development, and ion transport, among others. Overall, this study highlights the complex historical processes of <i>S. plicata</i>, which have led this species to its current distribution, population structure, and local adaptation footprint in oceans worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nestling sex and behaviour determine the host preference of insect vectors in avian nests","authors":"Marina García-del Río,&nbsp;Francisco Castaño-Vázquez,&nbsp;Javier Martínez,&nbsp;Josué Martínez-de la Puente,&nbsp;Alejandro Cantarero,&nbsp;Javier García-Velasco,&nbsp;Yago Merino,&nbsp;Santiago Merino","doi":"10.1111/mec.17517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17517","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexual differences in pathogen prevalence in wildlife often arise from varying susceptibility influenced by factors such as sex hormones and exposure to pathogens. In the case of vector-borne pathogens, host selection by insect vectors determines the exposure of hosts to infections, largely affecting the transmission of these infectious diseases. We identify the blood-feeding patterns of insect vectors in Blue Tit (<i>Cyanistes caeruleus</i>) nestlings in a 3-year study. Blood from both nestlings and insect vectors (<i>Culicoides</i> spp. and Simuliidae) captured inside nest-boxes were used to molecularly determine the sex of the host. We then compared the sex-ratios of the nestlings that had been bitten and those of the complete brood in each nest. We found that males were bitten more frequently than females in 2021, when males weighed less in comparison to other years. Additionally, we molecularly identified bitten nestlings individually by genotyping the DNA of blood obtained from both, the vector's abdomen and nestlings of each brood in 2022. Nestlings more frequently bitten by vectors were males, weighed less and were closest to the nest entrance. To our knowledge this is the first study identifying the nestling selection by insect vectors in bird nests under natural conditions. These results contribute to understanding the mechanisms of host selection by insect vectors, shedding light on pathogen transmission and offering insights into the observed sex-biased infections in wildlife populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host diet drives gut microbiome convergence between coral reef fishes and mammals","authors":"Samuel Degregori,&nbsp;Nina M. D. Schiettekatte,&nbsp;Jordan M. Casey,&nbsp;Simon J. Brandl,&nbsp;Alexandre Mercière,&nbsp;Katherine R. Amato,&nbsp;Florent Mazel,&nbsp;Valeriano Parravicini,&nbsp;Paul H. Barber","doi":"10.1111/mec.17520","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animal gut microbiomes are critical to host physiology and fitness. The gut microbiomes of fishes—the most abundant and diverse vertebrate clade—have received little attention relative to other clades. Coral reef fishes, in particular, make up a wide range of evolutionary histories and feeding ecologies that are likely associated with gut microbiome diversity. The repeated evolution of herbivory in fishes and mammals also allows us to examine microbiome similarity in relationship to diet across the entire vertebrate tree of life. Here, we generate a large coral reef fish gut microbiome dataset (<i>n</i> = 499 samples, 19 species) and combine it with a diverse aggregation of public microbiome data (<i>n</i> = 447) to show that host diet drives significant convergence between coral reef fish and mammalian gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that this similarity is largely driven by carnivory and herbivory and that herbivorous and carnivorous hosts exhibit distinct microbial compositions across fish and mammals. We also show that fish and mammal gut microbiomes share prominent microbial taxa, including <i>Ruminoccocus</i> spp. and <i>Akkermansia</i> spp., and predicted metabolic pathways. Despite the major evolutionary and ecological differences between fishes and mammals, our results reveal that their gut microbiomes undergo similar dietary selective pressures. Thus, diet, in addition to phylosymbiosis must be considered even when comparing the gut microbiomes of distantly related hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and telomeric variability: Insights from a tropical avian hybrid zone","authors":"Ben J. Vernasco,&nbsp;Kira M. Long,&nbsp;Michael J. Braun,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Brawn","doi":"10.1111/mec.17491","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17491","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Telomere lengths and telomere dynamics can correlate with lifespan, behaviour and individual quality. Such relationships have spurred interest in understanding variation in telomere lengths and their dynamics within and between populations. Many studies have identified how environmental processes can influence telomere dynamics, but the role of genetic variation is much less well characterized. To provide a novel perspective on how telomeric variation relates to genetic variability, we longitudinally sampled individuals across a narrow hybrid zone (<i>n</i> = 127 samples), wherein two <i>Manacus</i> species characterized by contrasting genome-wide heterozygosity interbreed. We measured individual (<i>n</i> = 66) and population (<i>n</i> = 3) differences in genome-wide heterozygosity and, among hybrids, amount of genetic admixture using RADseq-generated SNPs. We tested for population differences in telomere lengths and telomere dynamics. We then examined how telomere lengths and telomere dynamics covaried with genome-wide heterozygosity within populations. Hybrid individuals exhibited longer telomeres, on average, than individuals sampled in the adjacent parental populations. No population differences in telomere dynamics were observed. Within the parental population characterized by relatively low heterozygosity, higher genome-wide heterozygosity was associated with shorter telomeres and higher rates of telomere shortening—a pattern that was less apparent in the other populations. All of these relationships were independent of sex, despite the contrasting life histories of male and female manakins. Our study highlights how population comparisons can reveal interrelationships between genetic variation and telomeres, and how naturally occurring hybridization and genome-wide heterozygosity can relate to telomere lengths and telomere dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral diversity and co-evolutionary dynamics across the ant phylogeny","authors":"Peter J. Flynn,&nbsp;Corrie S. Moreau","doi":"10.1111/mec.17519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge of viral biodiversity within insects, particularly within ants, is extremely limited with only a few environmental viruses from invasive ant species identified to date. This study documents and explores the viral communities in ants. We comprehensively profile the metagenomes of a phylogenetically broad group of 35 ant species with varied ecological traits and report the discovery of 3710 novel and unique ant-associated viral genomes. These previously unknown viruses discovered within this study constitute over 95% of all currently described ant viruses, significantly increasing our knowledge of the ant virosphere. The identified RNA and DNA viruses fill gaps in insect-associated viral phylogenies and uncover evolutionary histories characterized by both frequent host switching and co-divergence. Many ants also host diverse bacterial communities, and we discovered that approximately one-third of these new ant-associated viruses are bacteriophages. Two ecological categories, bacterial abundance in the host and habitat degradation are both correlated with ant viral diversity and help to structure viral communities within ants. These data demonstrate that the ant virosphere is remarkably diverse phylogenetically and genomically and provide a substantial foundation for studies in virus ecology and evolution within eukaryotes. We highlight the importance of studying insect-associated viruses in natural ecosystems in order to more thoroughly and effectively understand host-microbe evolutionary dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The last days of Aporia crataegi (L.) in Britain: Evaluating genomic erosion in an extirpated butterfly","authors":"Rebecca Whitla,&nbsp;Korneel Hens,&nbsp;James Hogan,&nbsp;Geoff Martin,&nbsp;Casper Breuker,&nbsp;Timothy G. Shreeve,&nbsp;Saad Arif","doi":"10.1111/mec.17518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current rates of habitat degradation and climate change are causing unprecedented declines in global biodiversity. Studies on vertebrates highlight how conservation genomics can be effective in identifying and managing threatened populations, but it is unclear how vertebrate-derived metrics of genomic erosion translate to invertebrates, with their markedly different population sizes and life histories. The Black-veined White butterfly (<i>Aporia crataegi</i>) was extirpated from Britain in the 1920s. Here, we sequenced historical DNA from 17 specimens collected between 1854 and 1924 to reconstruct demography and compare levels of genomic erosion between extirpated British and extant European mainland populations. We contrast these results using modern samples of the Common Blue butterfly (<i>Polyommatus icarus</i>); a species with relatively stable demographic trends in Great Britain. We provide evidence for bottlenecks in both these species around the period of post-glacial colonization of the British Isles. Our results reveal different demographic histories and <i>N</i>_<i>e</i> for both species, consistent with their fates in Britain, likely driven by differences in life history, ecology and genome size. Despite a difference, by an order of magnitude, in historical effective population sizes (<i>N</i>_<i>e</i>), reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity in <i>A. crataegi</i> was comparable to that in <i>P. icarus</i>. Symptomatic of <i>A. crataegi</i>'s disappearance were marked increases in runs-of-homozygosity (RoH), potentially indicative of recent inbreeding, and accumulation of putatively mildly and weakly deleterious variants. Our results provide a rare glimpse of genomic erosion in a regionally extinct insect and support the potential use of genomic erosion metrics in identifying invertebrate populations or species in decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling effects of dispersal, environment and anthropogenic barriers on functional connectivity in aquatic systems","authors":"Casey C. Day,&nbsp;Dominique Alò,&nbsp;Ryan K. Simmons,&nbsp;Stacy R. Cotey,&nbsp;Katherine E. Zarn,&nbsp;Ian F. Gazeley,&nbsp;Maureen Small,&nbsp;Marie-Josee Fortin,&nbsp;Andrew R. Bearlin,&nbsp;Seth R. Smith,&nbsp;Erin L. Landguth","doi":"10.1111/mec.17500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disentangling the roles of structural landscape factors and animal movement behaviour can present challenges for practitioners managing landscapes to maintain functional connectivity and achieve conservation goals. We used a landscape genetics approach to combine robust demographic, behavioural and genetic datasets with spatially explicit simulations to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic barriers (dams, culverts) and natural landscape resistance (gradient, elevation) affecting dispersal behaviour, genetic connectivity and genetic structure in a resident population of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>). Analyses based on 10 years of sampling effort revealed a pattern of restricted dispersal, and population genetics identified discrete population clusters between distal tributaries and the mainstem stream and no structure within the mainstem stream. Demogenetic simulations demonstrated that, for this population, the effects of existing anthropogenic barriers on population structure are redundant with effects of restricted dispersal associated with the underlying environmental resistance. Our approach provides an example of how extensive field sampling combined with landscape genetics can be incorporated into spatially explicit simulation modelling to explore how, together, movement ecology and landscape resistance can be used to inform decisions around restoration and connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated migration, interbreeding and bottlenecking shaped the phylogeography of the selfing grass Brachypodium stacei","authors":"Miguel Campos,&nbsp;Ernesto Pérez-Collazos,&nbsp;Antonio Díaz-Pérez,&nbsp;Diana López-Alvarez,&nbsp;Ali Oumouloud,&nbsp;Luis A. J. Mur,&nbsp;John P. Vogel,&nbsp;Pilar Catalán","doi":"10.1111/mec.17513","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Brachypodium stacei</i> is the most ancestral lineage in the genus <i>Brachypodium</i>, a model system for grass functional genomics. <i>B. stacei</i> shows striking and sometimes contradictory biological and evolutionary features, including a high selfing rate yet extensive admixture, an ancient Miocene origin yet with recent evolutionary radiation, and adaptation to different dry climate conditions in its narrow distribution range. Therefore, it constitutes an ideal system to study these life history traits. We studied the phylogeography of 17 native circum-Mediterranean <i>B. stacei</i> populations (39 individuals) using genome-wide RADseq SNP data and complete plastome sequences. Nuclear SNP data revealed the existence of six distinct genetic clusters, low levels of intra-population genetic diversity and high selfing rates, albeit with signatures of admixture. Coalescence-based dating analysis detected a recent split between crown lineages in the Late Quaternary. Plastome sequences showed incongruent evolutionary relationships with those recovered by the nuclear data, suggesting interbreeding and chloroplast capture events between genetically distant populations. Demographic and population dispersal coalescent models identified an ancestral origin of <i>B. stacei</i> in the western-central Mediterranean islands, followed by an early colonization of the Canary Islands and two independent colonization events of the eastern Mediterranean region through long-distance dispersal and bottleneck events as the most likely evolutionary history. Climate niche data identified three arid niches of <i>B. stacei</i> in the southern Mediterranean region. Our findings indicate that the phylogeography of <i>B. stacei</i> populations was shaped by recent radiations, frequent extinctions, long-distance dispersal events, occasional interbreeding, and adaptation to local climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of positive selection on genomic variation in Drosophila serrata: Insights from a deep learning approach","authors":"Yiguan Wang,&nbsp;Scott L. Allen,&nbsp;Adam J. Reddiex,&nbsp;Stephen F. Chenoweth","doi":"10.1111/mec.17499","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the impact of positive selection on the genetic composition of a <i>Drosophila serrata</i> population in eastern Australia through a comprehensive analysis of 110 whole genome sequences. Utilizing an advanced deep learning algorithm (partialS/HIC) and a range of inferred demographic histories, we identified that approximately 14% of the genome is directly affected by sweeps, with soft sweeps being more prevalent (10.6%) than hard sweeps (2.1%), and partial sweeps being uncommon (1.3%). The algorithm demonstrated robustness to demographic assumptions in classifying complete sweeps but faced challenges in distinguishing neutral regions from partial sweeps and linked regions under demographic misspecification. The findings reveal the indirect influence of sweeps on nearly two-thirds of the genome through linkage, with an over-representation of putatively deleterious variants suggesting that positive selection drags deleterious variants to higher frequency due to hitchhiking with beneficial loci. Gene ontology enrichment analysis further supported our confidence in the accuracy of sweep detection as several traits expected to be under positive selection due to evolutionary arms races (e.g. immunity) were detected in hard sweeps. This study provides valuable insights into the direct and indirect contributions of positive selection in shaping genomic variation in natural populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.17499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species pool and local assembly processes drive β diversity of ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying microbial communities in rivers along a latitudinal gradient","authors":"Xiang Xiong,&nbsp;Lian Feng,&nbsp;Jieya Huang,&nbsp;Wenjie Wan,&nbsp;Yuyi Yang,&nbsp;Wenzhi Liu","doi":"10.1111/mec.17516","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.17516","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both regional species pool and local community assembly mechanism drive the microbial diversity patterns across geographical gradients. However, little has been done to separate their effects on the β diversity patterns of microbial communities involved in nitrogen (N) cycling in river ecosystems. Here, we use high-throughput sequencing of the archaeal <i>amoA</i>, bacterial <i>amoA</i>, <i>nirK</i>, and <i>nirS</i> genes, null model, and neutral community model to distinguish the relative importance of species pool and local assembly processes for ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying communities in river wetlands along a latitudinal gradient in eastern China. Results indicated that the β diversity of the <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying community co-varied with γ diversity and environmental heterogeneity, implying that regional species pool and heterogeneous selection explained variation in β diversity. However, the β diversity of ammonia-oxidizing and <i>nirK</i>-type denitrifying communities did not correlate with γ diversity and environmental heterogeneity. The continuous hump distribution of β deviation along the latitudinal gradient and the lower species dispersal rate indicated that the dispersal limitation shaped the variation in β diversity of ammonia-oxidizing and <i>nirK</i>-type denitrifying communities. Additionally, biotic interactions drove ammonia-oxidizing and <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying communities by influencing species co-occurrence patterns. Our study highlights the importance of regional species pool and local community assembly processes in shaping geographical patterns of N-cycling microorganisms and extends knowledge of their adaptability to a continuously changing environment on a large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}