Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Evolutionary History of European Vipers and Their Venoms From a Multi-Omic Approach.","authors":"Adrián Talavera, Marc Palmada-Flores, Fernando Martínez-Freiría, Gabriel Mochales-Riaño, Bernat Burriel-Carranza, Maria Estarellas, Daniel Fernández-Guiberteau, Álvaro Camina, Sylvain Ursenbacher, Judit Vörös, Bálint Halpern, Davinia Pla, Juan José Calvete, Alexander S Mikheyev, Tomàs Marquès-Bonet, Salvador Carranza","doi":"10.1111/mec.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snake genomes attract significant attention from multiple disciplines, including medicine, drug bioprospection, and evolutionary biology. However, genomic research within the Viperidae family has mostly focused on the subfamily Crotalinae, while the true vipers (Viperinae) have largely been overlooked. European vipers (Vipera) have been the subject of extensive research due to their phylogeographic and ecological diversification, as well as their venoms. Nevertheless, phylogeography and systematics in this genus have primarily relied on biased information from mitochondrial genes, which fail to capture the likely effects of introgression and are prone to biases. On the other hand, venom research in this group has been conducted predominantly through proteomics alone. In this study, we generated chromosome-level genome assemblies for three Vipera species and whole-genome sequencing data for 94 samples representing 15 Vipera lineages. This comprehensive dataset allowed us to disentangle the phylogenomic relationships of this genus, affected by mito-nuclear discordance and pervaded by ancestral introgression. Population-level analyses in the Iberian Peninsula, where the three oldest lineages within Vipera meet, revealed signals of recent adaptive introgression between old-diverged and ecologically dissimilar species, whereas chromosomal rearrangements isolate species occupying similar niches. Finally, using transcriptomic and proteomic data, we characterised the Vipera toxin-encoding genes, in which opposing selective forces were unveiled as common drivers of the evolution of venom as an integrated phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Methylation Reflects Cis-Genetic Differentiation Across the European Crow Hybrid Zone.","authors":"Justin Merondun, Jochen B W Wolf","doi":"10.1111/mec.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromatin modifications provide a substrate for epigenetic variation with evolutionary potential. To quantify the contribution of this layer of variation during speciation in crows, we leveraged genome and methylome sequencing data from an incipient avian species: all-black carrion crows, grey-coated hooded crows, and their hybrids. Combining controlled experimentation under common garden conditions and sampling of natural genetic variation across the hybrid zone, we show that 5mC methylation variation was largely explained by genome properties and the ontogenetic programme of the organism. Taxonomically related methylation divergence clustered in intergenic space, with the only genomic region of strongly elevated genetic differentiation encoding the diagnostic colour contrast between taxa. We conclude that methylation variation with relevance to speciation largely follows cis-genetic polymorphism in this system and does not constitute an autonomous axis of evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e70026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Signatures of Island Colonisation in Highly Diverse Primates.","authors":"I Colmonero-Costeira, K Guschanski, S L Djaló, N Fernandes, T Camará, K K-H Farh, L F K Kuderna, J Rogers, T Marques-Bonet, M W Bruford, I M Russo, A Jensen, M J Ferreira da Silva","doi":"10.1111/mec.17815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how small populations cope with loss of genetic diversity and deleterious variation is crucial to address the current biodiversity crisis. Insular populations are particularly interesting as they have often persisted at lower population sizes and higher inbreeding than their mainland counterparts. While the genome-wide consequences of inbreeding in threatened insular species have received some attention, comparative genomics between insular and mainland populations of widespread and genetically diverse species have rarely been performed. Yet, they are particularly well suited to inform about the consequences of drastic population declines from initially large populations-a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly common. The spot-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus petaurista), the Campbell's monkey (Cercopithecus campbelli) and the green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) are common and genetically diverse West African primates. Insular populations can be found at the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. Here, we assessed the genome-wide diversity, inbreeding, genetic load and adaptive variation using whole genome sequencing data from insular and mainland populations. In the three species, island populations showed lower genome-wide diversity and higher inbreeding. Genetic drift has likely promoted the conversion of masked genetic load into realised load without increased purging of deleterious variation. Additionally, we found no evidence for accumulation of deleterious variation, suggesting that these populations are not yet at risk of extinction by genetic factors and may act as reservoirs of extant mainland genetic diversity. We highlight, however, that other anthropogenic factors are threatening these insular primates, and therefore conservation management should target their immediate threats and safeguard against additional loss of diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Shift to Metapopulation Genetic Management for Persistence of a Species Threatened by Fragmentation: The Case of an Endangered Australian Freshwater Fish.","authors":"Alexandra Pavlova, Zeb Tonkin, Luke Pearce, Diana A Robledo-Ruiz, Mark Lintermans, Brett A Ingram, Jarod Lyon, Matt Beitzel, Ben Broadhurst, Meaghan L Rourke, Felicity Sturgiss, Erin Lake, Jesús Castrejón-Figueroa, Jerom R Stocks, Paul Sunnucks","doi":"10.1111/mec.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a world where habitats are degrading and the climate is warming and becoming unpredictable, biodiversity conservation efforts and funding remain grossly inadequate. As part of a multifaceted approach to halting extinctions, shifting from preserving small, remnant populations to a practice of genetically connecting populations that recreate larger and more diverse populations is expected to be beneficial. This harnesses key evolutionary processes to promote species' abilities to adapt to changing environments and to increase the likelihood of population persistence. Here, we use the endangered Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) as a case study to develop a genetic strategy for metapopulation management aimed at promoting population growth and persistence. The Macquarie perch's range has been highly fragmented and its remaining habitat is at risk of catastrophic degradation due to climate change. We integrate results of new and existing genetic analyses to illustrate how genetically depauperate populations can benefit from admixture, and how the outcomes of management interventions can be quantified through genetic monitoring. We also develop the pipeline JeDi (https://github.com/drobledoruiz/JeDi) for estimating unbiased individual heterozygosity, population nucleotide diversity, and pairwise-population divergence, using reduced-representation genome sequencing data and an assembled reference genome. We use this pipeline to estimate baseline data for monitoring of Macquarie perch populations and show that combining two genetic sources of migrants during population restoration resulted in a doubling of nucleotide diversity compared to either source. Genetic diversity estimates using our pipeline are comparable across studies, data sets and species, and suitable for evaluating the rate of global biodiversity change.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e70005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of Endosymbiosis in Mitochondrial Genomes of Rhabdocoel Flatworms.","authors":"M Monnens, T Artois, A Briscoe, Y L Diez, K P P Fraser, B S Leander, D T J Littlewood, M J Santos, K Smeets, N W L Van Steenkiste, M P M Vanhove","doi":"10.1111/mec.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transition from a free-living lifestyle to endosymbiosis represents a large evolutionary shift, impacting various aspects of any organism's biology, including its molecular-genetic groundwork. So far, it has been impossible to generalise the impact this lifestyle shift has on genomic architecture. This study explores this phenomenon using a new model system: neodalyellid flatworms (Rhabdocoela), a diverse assemblage of free-living and independently evolved endosymbiotic lineages. A uniquely comprehensive mitochondrial genomic dataset, consisting of 50 complete or partial mitogenome sequences (47 of which are new to science), is constructed, increasing the genomic resources available for rhabdocoel flatworms over tenfold. A robust phylogenomic framework is built, enabling an in-depth exploration of the molecular-genetic signatures associated with evolutionary shifts towards endosymbiosis. To understand speciation influenced by host phylogeny, first steps are taken to unravel the host-switching history of the largest endosymbiotic group of neodalyellids. We test several hypotheses regarding the potential consequences of a symbiotic lifestyle and find marginally heightened AT content, more pronounced GC skew and relaxed selection on specific protein-coding genes in endosymbionts compared to their free-living counterparts. Numerous substitutions have accumulated in certain endosymbiotic lineages; however, the correlation with lifestyle remains uncertain. A high frequency of genetic rearrangements across all studied lineages is observed. Our findings affirm the variable nature of rhabdocoel mitogenomes and, for the first time, reveal distinct signatures of an endosymbiotic lifestyle in neodalyellid flatworms. This effort lays the groundwork for future research into the evolutionary and genomic consequences of a symbiotic lifestyle in this and other animal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Interplays of Grapevine and Moth in a Changing World: From Ecology to Biochemistry and Transcriptomics","authors":"Seung-Joon Ahn","doi":"10.1111/mec.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the sun-drenched vineyards along the Rhine river, a delicate dance is unfolding between grapevines and one of their most persistent pests, the European grapevine moth. Climate change can alter the rhythm of this age-old interaction, potentially leading to unexpected outcomes that influence pest management strategies and broader ecosystem health in future. Researchers have long explored how rising temperatures can create developmental mismatches between plants and insects, increase the number of insect generations per year and affect the quality of plants as a food source for insects. However, fewer studies have delved into how gradually increasing CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations might reshape the future of viticulture at the biochemical and molecular level, considering the intricate relationship between plant and insect. In this issue of &lt;i&gt;Molecular Ecology&lt;/i&gt;, Becker et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) address this knowledge gap, unveiling the complex interactions between grapevines, their biochemical changes and the transcriptomic responses of the moth larvae under simulated future atmospheric conditions using a cutting-edge Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility. This research marks as a crucial milestone in understanding the broader implications of climate change on plant-insect dynamics, emphasising the need for proactive research and management strategies to safeguard both agricultural systems and biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Climate change, driven by elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels and rising temperatures, is profoundly altering the interactions between plants and insects. Phenological mismatches between plant development and insect life cycles can disrupt pollination and herbivory dynamics. Additionally, an increase in the number of insect generations per year may amplify plant damage, while changes in plant tissue quality as insect food can further modulate these interactions (DeLucia et al. &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Such changes are already affecting grape yield, composition and wine quality, which are key factors for global wine production (van Leeuwen et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Becker et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) focussed on two commercially important wine grape varieties: ‘Riesling’ (white wine) and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (red wine). These vines were exposed to current atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels and elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels mimicking projected future conditions (+20%) by using the VineyardFACE facility. This open-field system creates a CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; enriched atmosphere around crops, providing a more realistic experimental set-up tailored to viticulture research, located in Geisenheim, Germany (Wohlfahrt et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). In a previous study from the same team, Reineke and Selim (&lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) analysed transcriptome profiles of grapevine under elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; conditions combined with the European grapevine moth's herbivory. They found that grapevines exhibited stronger respons","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Response to Influenza in Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus), a Potential Wild Reservoir","authors":"Christina M. McCosker,&nbsp;Ebru Unal,&nbsp;Alayna Gigliotti,&nbsp;Wendy B. Puryear,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Runstadler,&nbsp;Kimberly T. Murray,&nbsp;Benjamin L. King,&nbsp;Kristina M. Cammen","doi":"10.1111/mec.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RNA viruses are infamous for their ability to cross species barriers, posing threats to global health and security. Influenza A virus (IAV) is naturally found in avian hosts but periodically spills over into marine wildlife. IAV outbreaks occur in the Northwest Atlantic, but grey seals (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>) appear to be less susceptible to IAV compared to other species. The subclinical nature of IAV infection in addition to life history factors suggest grey seals are a potential wild reservoir host for IAV. We investigated differential gene expression among grey seals naturally exposed to IAV to elucidate genetic mechanisms involved in grey seal disease resistance. RNA sequencing was conducted on blood samples (<i>N</i> = 31) collected from grey seal pups in Massachusetts, US between 2014 and 2019. Samples were grouped for analysis based on presence/absence of viral RNA and antibodies. In the presence of IAV RNA, we observed widespread down-regulation of genes, including immune genes, potentially as a result of IAV-induced host shutoff. Immune down-regulation occurred in acute stage of IAV infection (+ viral RNA, − antibodies), followed by up-regulation of protein production in peak stage (+ viral RNA, + antibodies), possibly as a result of increased viral replication. Evidence of an activated immune response was observed in late stage of infection (− viral RNA, + antibodies) with up-regulated adaptive immunity genes. We hypothesize that the combination of down- and up-regulated immune gene expression may prevent overstimulation of the immune response, acting as an adaptation in grey seals to resist IAV-associated mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mec.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Invasion History of New Zealand Starlings Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing and Historical Records.","authors":"Danny Jackson, Sabrina McNew","doi":"10.1111/mec.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e70016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Madagascar Speciation on Mountains: Pleistocene Glaciation Cycles Promote Genetic Divergence, Secondary Contact, and Morphological Diversification in Sympatric Lineages of the Pelican Spider Eriauchenus workmani (Archaeidae)","authors":"Nicolás A. Hazzi,&nbsp;Hannah M. Wood","doi":"10.1111/mec.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Habitat contraction and expansion around montane areas, caused by climatic cycles, can allopatrically isolate lineages and then put them back into secondary contact. When closely related lineages come back into coexistence, competition for similar resources may be strong, promoting niche partitioning via ecological character displacement. <i>Eriauchenus workmani</i> is an endemic spider species of the montane rainforest areas of Madagascar, with high morphological variation in somatic features. In this study, we address whether this variation is attributed to diverging populations, some of which co-occur in sympatry, and what role did mountains play in creating this divergence. Sampling individuals across the distribution range of this species, we gather hundreds of loci per specimen and then implement population genetic analyses, species delimitation methods, demographic models, ecological niche models, and morphological multivariate analyses. Findings show population contraction around montane areas during warm periods, when the distributions become fragmented, and population expansion during the last glacial maximum, when distributions become continuous. Further, we found four genetically distinct populations, three of which cohabitate in sympatry; however, gene flow is low considering populations are sympatric. There are significant differences in body size between populations. Within a population there are significant morphological differences, including a reduction in disparity when comparing allopatric with sympatric individuals. In conclusion, we hypothesise that the repeated cycles of isolation and secondary contact that occur in montane areas due to glacial cycles are fuelling speciation via allopatric divergence followed by ecological character displacement upon secondary contact.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of Multilayered Transcriptomic Plasticity in Response to Temperature Fluctuations During Biological Invasions: A Case Study in Invasive Styela plicata","authors":"Xuena Huang,&nbsp;Raz Platin,&nbsp;Amit Unger,&nbsp;Noa Shenkar,&nbsp;Aibin Zhan","doi":"10.1111/mec.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mec.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenotypic plasticity is a crucial responsive strategy for invasive species to colonise new habitats. Rapid plastic responses enable invaders to instantly survive environmental fluctuations during invasion processes; however, the interplay and relative contributions of different plastic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we exposed the invasive ascidian <i>Styela plicata</i> from the Mediterranean Sea to a time series of high- and low-temperature stress to investigate the multilayered transcriptomic plasticity mechanisms, including gene expression, alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA). We observed rapid, pervasive and diverse responsive changes, with more genes exhibiting expression changes than those showing APA and AS changes. Approximately 50% differentially alternatively spliced genes and differentially expressed APA genes also exhibited differential expression under heat stress; however, this proportion declined to 34% under cold stress, suggesting stronger interactions among plastic mechanisms in response to heat stress and greater independence under cold stress. Although a considerable proportion of responsive genes were commonly triggered by both heat and cold stress, we found more pronounced gene expression plasticity and greater flexibility under heat stress, which may help explain <i>S. plicata</i>'s preference for tropical and subtropical habitats. Whereas cold stress induced a greater number of AS events and distinct AS profiles, with a consistent trend of exon skipping across all stress durations. Altogether, our findings reveal environment-dependent interactions among distinct plastic response mechanisms and highlight the importance of post-transcriptional regulatory strategies. Our insights into the complex interplay of multilayered transcriptomic plasticity contribute to a deeper understanding of their roles in adaptive evolution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":"34 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}