Molecular Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Range-Wide Genomic Analysis Reveals Regional and Meta-Population Dynamics of Decline and Recovery in the Grey Seal.","authors":"Morgan L McCarthy, Kristina M Cammen, Sandra M Granquist, Rune Dietz, Jonas Teilmann, Charlotte Bie Thøstesen, Simon Kjeldgaard, Mia Valtonen, Mervi Kunnasranta, Bjørn Munro Jenssen, Markus P Ahola, Britt-Marie Bäcklin, W Don Bowen, Wendy B Puryear, Jonathan A Runstadler, Debbie J F Russell, Anders Galatius, Morten Tange Olsen","doi":"10.1111/mec.17824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildlife populations globally have experienced widespread historical declines due to anthropogenic and environmental impacts, yet for some species, contemporary management and conservation programmes have enabled recent recovery. The impacts of decline and recovery on genomic diversity and, vice versa, the genetic factors that contribute to conservation success or failure are rich areas for inquiry, with implications for shaping how we manage species into the future. To comprehensively characterise these processes in natural systems requires range-wide sampling and international collaboration, particularly for species with wide dispersal capabilities, broad geographic distributions, and complex regional metapopulation dynamics. Here, we present the first range- and genome-wide population genomic analysis of grey seals based on 3812 nuclear SNPs genotyped in 188 samples from 17 localities. Our analyses support the existence of three main grey seal populations centred in the NW Atlantic, NE Atlantic and Baltic Sea, and point to the existence of previously unrecognised substructure within the NE Atlantic. We detected remarkably low levels of genetic diversity in the NW Atlantic population, and demographic analyses revealed a turbulent history of NE Atlantic and Baltic Sea grey seals, with bottlenecks in the Middle Ages and the 20th century due to hunting and habitat alterations. We found some localities deviated from isolation by distance patterns, likely reflecting wide-scale metapopulation dynamics associated with recolonisation and recovery in regions where they were historically extirpated. We identify at least six grey seal genetic populations and reveal marked genetic effects of past declines and recent recovery across the species' range.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Behavioural Plasticity and DNA Methylation Patterns in Response to Predation Stress in Trinidadian Guppies.","authors":"Janay A Fox, Simon M Reader, Mélanie F Guigueno, Rowan D H Barrett","doi":"10.1111/mec.17831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-life experiences can predict the environments experienced later in life, giving individuals an opportunity to develop adaptive behaviour appropriate to a likely future environment. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) have been implicated in developmental behavioural plasticity; however, studies investigating this possibility are limited in taxonomic breadth and ecological relevance. We investigated the impact of early-life exposure to predation stress on behaviour and DNAm in the brains of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We exposed guppies throughout development to either an alarm cue (conspecific skin extract), inducing predation stress, or a control cue (water) for 8 weeks and then raised them to adulthood under identical conditions. Then, we conducted two behavioural assays, an open-field and a grouping test, before performing whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on whole brains. Guppies exposed to the alarm cue during development exhibited increased grouping (shoaling) in adulthood compared to those exposed to the control treatment, but there were no detectable impacts on activity, boldness, or exploratory behaviour. We also identified stable shifts in brain DNAm in response to developmental alarm cue exposure in genes involved in behavioural regulation. Some differentially methylated sites were significantly associated with shoaling propensity in both males and females. Additionally, males and females differed in the magnitude of DNAm responses and the genes impacted, suggesting distinct roles for DNAm between the sexes. This study shows how early-life predation stress can induce behavioural changes in adulthood and that shifts in neural DNAm could be an underlying mechanism responsible for these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving Wild Pears: Using Genomic Data to Assess Species Boundaries, Interspecific Hybridization, and Genetic Diversity to Inform Conservation.","authors":"Alexander G Linan, Rebecca Sucher, Alanna Sanders, Meghan Forde, Ormon Sultangaziev, Bolotbek Tagaew, Georgii Lazkov, Jordan Hathaway, Burgund Bassüner, Andrew Wyatt, Christine E Edwards","doi":"10.1111/mec.17813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild congeners of cultivated fruit trees are vital sources of genetic diversity for crop improvement and key targets for conservation. However, cultivating crops within the range of rare wild congeners increases the risk of interspecific hybridization, threatening the genomic integrity of wild species. This is a concern for Pyrus in Central Asia, where a critically endangered wild species, P. korshinskyi, coexists with cultivated Pyrus communis and another widespread species, P. regelii, forming a species complex in which species boundaries are unclear, complicating conservation efforts. Here, we sought to assess: (1) the distinctiveness of species, (2) the extent to which interspecific hybridization and introgression may reduce the genetic integrity of P. korshinskyi, and (3) genetic diversity and structure within P. korshinskyi. Using RAD sequencing to genotype 185 individuals from 13 presumed wild and ex situ populations in Kyrgyzstan, we found that P. korshinskyi is genetically distinct, highly morphologically variable, but occasionally hybridises with both P. regelii and P. communis. Morphometric analyses indicate that the parental species and hybrids can be differentiated based on leaf characters. Unexpectedly, several reportedly wild populations of P. korshinskyi were found to be clonally propagated; unfortunately, because Pyrus exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility and all of the trees are the same genotype, these propagated populations are mate limited, limiting their conservation value. While P. korshinskyi populations are genetically diverse, further efforts are needed to preserve wild genetic diversity ex situ. These findings guide conservation strategies to maintain genetic integrity and diversity of P. korshinskyi both in situ and ex situ, underscoring the importance of genetic analyses for conserving crop wild relatives, especially in complex cultivated-wild mosaics.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Flow Disruption and Population Declines in a Soil Arthropod in Fragmented Habitats.","authors":"Tammy Ai Tian Ho, Jeppe Bayer Pedersen, Anne Aagaard, Mads F Schou, Jesper Bechsgaard, Derek Corcoran, Tove Hedegaard Jørgensen, Signe Normand, Trine Bilde","doi":"10.1111/mec.17820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensification of land use over past millennia has accelerated habitat loss and fragmentation. This is hypothesized to lead to reductions in population sizes and restrictions in gene flow, processes that amplify genetic drift with profound negative impacts on species and populations. However, empirical data on the population genetic impacts of habitat fragmentation remain limited, particularly for presumed abundant species such as insects. Reports of dramatic insect and arthropod declines are increasing, and their short generation times and limited dispersal capacities make them especially vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. To substantiate the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation negatively impacts genetic composition and demography, we combined historical agricultural land use data from Denmark with whole-genome resequencing of 25 populations of the collembolan Entomobrya nicoleti from natural grasslands. Abundance data indicate that agricultural expansion reduces habitat suitability and fragments populations. Demographic modelling shows that intensification of agricultural land use coincides with severe declines in effective population sizes. It is likely that these declines have yet to reach their full effect on current levels of genetic diversity because of the 'drift debt,' where the genetic diversity of recently declined populations will erode over future generations. Gene flow estimates revealed sharp recent declines that coincide with agricultural intensification. Our results underscore that even seemingly abundant species in fragmented landscapes can experience severe reductions in effective population size and gene flow. These demographic shifts predict future genetic erosion, highlighting the delayed yet inevitable consequences of habitat fragmentation for population persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omic Analysis Reveals Population Differentiation and Signatures of Social Evolution in Tetragonula Stingless Bees.","authors":"Benjamin A Taylor, Garett P Slater, Eckart Stolle, James Dorey, Gabriele Buchmann, Benjamin P Oldroyd, Rosalyn Gloag, Brock A Harpur","doi":"10.1111/mec.17823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stingless bees in the genus Tetragonula are social insects with a fully sterile worker caste, and are therefore well-placed to provide insights into the genomic changes associated with 'superorganismal' life histories. Here we assemble the genome of Tetragonula carbonaria and characterise the population structure and divergence of both T. carbonaria and its cryptic congener T. hockingsi in eastern Australia, revealing three distinct populations for T. carbonaria and two partially differentiated subpopulations for T. hockingsi. We then combine our genomic results with RNA-seq data from different T. carbonaria castes (queens, males, workers) to test two hypotheses about genomic adaptations in social insects: the 'Relaxed Constraint' hypothesis, which predicts indirect, and therefore relaxed, selection on worker-biased genes; and the 'Adapted Worker' hypothesis, which predicts intensified positive selection on worker genes due to their evolutionarily novel functions. Although we do not find a direct signal of either weaker purifying selection or elevated positive selection in worker-biased genes based on deviations from neutral expectations of nucleotide change between the two species, other evidence does support a model of relaxed selection on worker-biased genes: such genes show higher nucleotide diversity and greater interspecies divergence than queen-biased genes. We also find that differentially caste-biased genes exhibit distinct patterns of length, GC content and evolutionary origin. These findings, which converge with patterns found in other social insects, support the hypothesis that social evolution produces distinct signatures in the genome. Overall, Tetragonula bees emerge as a valuable model for studying the genomic basis of social complexity in insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islands Promote Diversification of the Silvereye Species Complex: A Phylogenomic Analysis of a Great Speciator.","authors":"Andrea Estandía, Nilo Merino Recalde, Ashley T Sendell-Price, Dominique A Potvin, William Goulding, Bruce C Robertson, Sonya Clegg","doi":"10.1111/mec.17830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geographic isolation plays a pivotal role in speciation by restricting gene flow between populations through distance or physical barriers. However, the speciation process is complex, influenced by the interplay between dispersal ability and geographic isolation, as seen in \"great speciators\" - bird species that simultaneously have broad island distributions but high levels of subspecific diversity. Comparing genomic population differentiation in species that occupy both continental and island settings can reveal the effects of different forms of geographic isolation and validate if the primary mechanism proposed to catalyse a great speciator pattern, that is, dispersal reduction following island colonisation, has occurred. The highly diverse white-eye family Zosteropidae includes several great speciators, including the silvereye (Zosterops lateralis), with 16 subspecies (11 occurring on islands), distributed on the Australian continent and numerous southwest Pacific islands. We compared continental and island patterns of divergence using whole genome and morphological data. Australian mainland populations showed a low genetic population structure, lack of isolation by distance patterns and low morphological diagnosability, suggesting that the species' dispersal propensity in a continental setting is sufficient to overcome multiple forms of geographic barriers and large geographic distances. In contrast, except for island populations less than 200 years old, most island populations were highly genomically structured with clearer morphological diagnosability even if separated by relatively short geographic distances. The inferred reduction of dispersal propensity in island situations is consistent with the proposed model of great speciator formation on islands. Our phylogenomic analyses also allowed resolution of the silvereyes' evolutionary position, showing their relatively early emergence (~1.5 Mya) within the rapidly radiating Zosteropidae, while population-level analyses demonstrated where morphological subspecies and genomic data align and disagree. However, the silvereye example also shows how uncertainties about relationships remain when reconstructing evolutionary history in rapidly radiating groups, even when whole genome data is available. Altogether, our results show how within-species genomic and morphological patterns measured over broad spatial scales and with varying geographic contexts can help reveal when particular stages of speciation such as great speciators are likely to emerge.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DDM1 Controls Heritable Natural Epigenetic Variation in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Peng Zhang, Datong Xing, Muhammad Shahbaz Chishti, Linan Xie, Qingzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/mec.17828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a part of epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to cytosine. In plants, this process occurs in three sequence contexts (CG, CHG and CHH) through two pathways: de novo DNA methylation and DNA methylation maintenance. DNA methylation is highly conserved between ecotypes due to its heritability and role in genomic stability. However, numerous naturally occurring differentially methylated regions (NMRs) exist between ecotypes, which are also heritable and contribute to differential gene expression and phenotypic variation. Decreased DNA methylation observed in mutants of RdDM or DNA methylation maintenance pathways highlights the potential roles of these pathways in NMR formation and inheritance. Nevertheless, the complexity of plant DNA methylation across different contexts and pathways has made the contributions of these two pathways in NMR formation and inheritance remain unclear. To address this, we chose two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, Col-0 (Col) and C24, and utilised mutants of pol4/5 and ddm1 in both ecotypes. By examining the changes in NMRs within these mutants, we aimed to elucidate the roles of DNA methylation pathways in NMR formation and inheritance. Our results revealed (1) NMRs can be categorised into three types, but classification is not solely based on methylation contexts; (2) compared to RdDM, the DNA methylation maintenance pathway plays a more dominant role in NMR formation and is less influenced by SNPs; (3) DNA methylation maintenance, rather than RdDM, controls NMR inheritance. Our findings highlight the role of the DNA methylation maintenance pathway in NMR formation and inheritance.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assigning Phenologically Asynchronous Moths to Source Populations Using Individual Genotypes.","authors":"Patrick M A James, Julia T Fang, Julian Wittische, Michel Cusson, Jeremy Larroque, Amanda Roe, Rob Johns","doi":"10.1111/mec.17832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana; SBW) is a periodically outbreaking forest insect pest that affects the boreal forests of North America through extensive defoliation and tree mortality. Causes of widespread spatial synchrony of SBW outbreaks remain a key question in the ecology and management of this species. While the Moran effect (correlated favourable environmental conditions) and density-dependent dispersal (from epicentres of demographic explosions) have been proposed and supported as drivers of synchronised outbreaks, the relative contribution of long-distance dispersal is still poorly understood. In this study, we use a novel approach to distinguish resident from migrant moths and to assign migrants to likely source clusters with the goal of better characterising regional dispersal. First, we characterise the genetic diversity and structure of resident SBW larvae and three phenologically separated groups of moths over one flight season using Genotyping-by-Sequencing. Then, using a novel machine learning approach, we assign putative migrants to their likely source populations. We hypothesised that migrant moths and resident larvae would be genetically distinct and could be assigned to source populations. Our findings revealed complex patterns of moth dispersal and population differentiation within a single season, including two spatially overlapping genetic clusters. We observed subtle but significant genetic differences between resident larvae and migrant moths, supporting the hypothesis that long-distance dispersal contributes to outbreak dynamics and synchrony. These insights enhance our understanding of SBW population dynamics and suggest that effective management strategies, such as the Early Intervention Strategy (EIS), must account for the role of dispersal in mitigating the detrimental effects of major outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17832"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chromosome Inversion Creates a Supergene for Sex and Colour in Lake Malawi Cichlids.","authors":"Kristen A Behrens, Soumya Jailwala, Frances E Clark, Anne C Meyer, Nikesh M Kumar, Adrianus F Konings, Reade B Roberts, Matthew A Conte, Jeffrey T Streelman, Patrick T McGrath, Thomas D Kocher","doi":"10.1111/mec.17821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cichlid fishes have the highest rates of evolutionary turnover of sex chromosomes among vertebrates. Many large structural polymorphisms in the radiation of cichlids in Lake Malawi are associated with sex chromosomes and may also carry adaptive variation. Here, we investigate the structure and evolutionary history of an inversion polymorphism that includes both a ZW sex locus and an orange-blotch colour polymorphism in the rock-dwelling cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi. We use long-read sequencing to characterise the sequence and breakpoints of the inversion. We quantify allele frequency differences across the inversion in population samples of the genera Metriaclima and Labeotropheus. We also examine expression differences of genes in the inversion. The simple inversion spans 7 Mb and is flanked by CACTA transposons that may have catalysed the rearrangement. The region includes ~600 genes, several of which show large differences in expression. Some of these genes are candidates for the sex and colour phenotypes. This inversion is an accessible model system for studying the role of structural polymorphisms and sex chromosome turnover in the adaptive radiation of cichlids in the lakes of East Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Adaptation to a Complex Environmental Gradient in a Keystone Phytoplankton Species.","authors":"Eveline Pinseel, Elizabeth C Ruck, Teofil Nakov, Per R Jonsson, Olga Kourtchenko, Anke Kremp, Matthew I M Pinder, Wade R Roberts, Conny Sjöqvist, Mats Töpel, Anna Godhe, Matthew W Hahn, Andrew J Alverson","doi":"10.1111/mec.17817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine phytoplankton play essential roles in global primary production and biogeochemical cycles. Yet, the evolutionary genetic underpinnings of phytoplankton adaptation to complex marine and coastal environments, where many environmental variables fluctuate and interact, remain unclear. We combined population genomics with experimental transcriptomics to investigate the genomic basis underlying a natural evolutionary experiment that has played out over the past 8000 years in one of the world's largest brackish water bodies: the colonisation of the Baltic Sea by the ancestrally marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi. To this end, we combined target capture of the entire nuclear genome with pooled shotgun sequencing, and showed that the method performs well on both cultures and single cells. Genotype-environment association analyses identified > 1000 genes with signals of selection in response to major environmental gradients in the Baltic Sea, which apart from salinity, include marked differences in temperature and nutrient supply. Locally adapted genes were related to diverse metabolic processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle, DNA methylation and maintenance of homeostasis. The locally adapted genes showed significant overlap with salinity-responsive genes identified in a laboratory common garden experiment, suggesting the Baltic salinity gradient contributes to local adaptation of S. marinoi. Taken together, our data show that local adaptation of phytoplankton to complex coastal environments, which are characterised by a multitude of environmental gradients, is driven by widespread changes in diverse metabolic pathways and functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":210,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"e17817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}